21 Briefs, wildcard vowel, not
contractions, and phrasing
21.1 Learning Objectives
- Learn briefs for common
-ing
words - Learn how to use the
OEU
as a wildcard in common words - Learn briefs ending in
-side
- Learn
as x as
, contraction, and pronoun + contraction phrases
21.2 -ing
briefs
Many words ending in -ing
have strokes with the -G
“folded in,” for example, petting
as PEGT
. For some common words, it is not possible to fold in the -G
, usually when the work ends in a k
sound. Instead, the ending parts of the word are dropped and the -G
added. See the table for examples.
Word | Stroke | With ing
|
Stroke |
---|---|---|---|
accord | K-D |
according | K-GD |
act | ABGT |
acting | A*G |
add | AD |
adding | AGD |
ask | SK |
asking | SK-G |
be | PW |
being | PW-G |
break | PWRAEBG |
breaking | PWRAEG |
bring | PWREU |
bringing | PWREUG |
build | PWEULD |
building | PW-LG |
check | KHEBG |
checking | KHEG |
consider | KR |
considering | KR-G |
continue | T-PB |
continuing | T-PBG |
cook | KAOBG |
cooking | KAOG |
do | TKO |
doing |
TK*G , TKAOG
|
drink | TKREUPBG |
drinking | TKREUG |
during | TKURG |
||
examine | KP |
examining | KP-G |
include | KHRU |
including | KHRUG |
interest | TR |
interesting | TR-G |
look | HRAOBG |
looking | HRAOG |
make | PHAEUBG |
making | PHAEUG |
manufacture | PH-F |
manufacturing | PH-FG |
measure | PH*ERB |
measuring | PH-RBG |
nothing | TPHOG |
||
pat | PAT |
patting | PAGT |
persist | PAOFT |
persisting | PAOG |
pull | PUL |
pulling | PULG |
put | PUT |
putting | PUGT |
regard | RARD |
regarding | RARGD |
remember | RER |
remembering | RERG |
take | TAEUBG |
taking | TAEUG |
think | THEU |
thinking | THEUG |
track | TRABG |
tracking | TRAG |
walk | WAUBG |
walking | WAUG |
win | WEUPB |
winning | W-G |
work | WORBG |
working | WOG |
write | WREU |
writing | WREUG |
21.3 The OEU
wildcard
The OEU
combination can be used as a “wildcard” to replace other sounds in a stroke. The oi
sound is uncommon and so the strokes with OEU
will not conflict with others. The OEU
combination appears to be used most frequently for words ending in -y
.
Word | Stroke | Note |
---|---|---|
auto | OEUT |
|
beta | PWOEUT |
|
bicycle | PWOEUBG |
|
China | KHOEUPB |
|
copy | KOEUP |
|
county | KOEUPBT |
|
cycle | SOEUBG |
|
deny | TKOEUPB |
|
dirty | TKOEURT |
|
focus | TPOEUBGS |
|
glory | TKPWHROEUR |
|
greedy | TKPWROEUD |
|
healthy | HOEUFLT |
|
heavy | HOEUF |
|
hero | HOEUR |
|
history | HOEUFRT |
|
loyal | HROEUL |
|
lucky | HROEUBG |
|
major | PHOEUPBLG |
|
memory | PHOEURPL |
|
mystery | PHOEUFRT |
|
radio | ROEUD |
|
recycle | ROEUBG |
|
shadow | SHOEUD |
|
shiny | SHOEUPB |
|
statue | STOEUT |
|
steno | STOEUPB |
|
study | STOEU |
|
superior | SPOEUR |
|
survey | SOEUFR |
|
theory | THOEUR |
|
tiny | TOEUPB |
|
William | WOEUPL |
|
window | WOEUPBD |
21.4 -side
briefs
The -side
ending words use a -DZ
as part of the stroke.
Word | Stroke | Note |
---|---|---|
backside | PWABGDZ | |
downside | TKOUDZ | |
inside | TPH-DZ | |
left-hand side | HR-PBDZ | |
left side | HR-DZ | |
other side | O*ERDZ | |
outside | OUDZ | |
right-hand side | R-PBDZ | |
subside | SUBDZ | |
that side | THADZ | |
this side | TH-DZ | |
topside | TOPDZ | |
upside | UPDZ | |
what side | WHADZ | |
which side | KH-DZ |
21.5 The as x as
phrases
The as x as
are written using strokes with S-
and -S
or -Z
and the x
as the word in the middle. For example, as long as
is written with SHROPBGS
.
Stroke | Note | |
---|---|---|
as bad as | SPWADZ | |
as best as | SPWEFTS | |
as big as | SPWEUGS | |
as broad as | SPWRAODZ | |
as close as | SKHROES | |
as far as | STPARS | |
as fast as | STPAFTS | |
as free as | STPRAOES | |
as fresh as | STPRERBS | |
as good as | STKPWAODZ | |
as hard as | SHA*RDZ |
SHARDS would write shards
|
as high as | SHAO*EUS | |
as large as | SHRARPBLGS | |
as long as | SHROPBGS | |
as low as | SHRO*ES |
SHROES would write slows
|
as mad as | SPHADZ | |
as many as | SPHAEPBS | |
as much as | SPHUFPS | |
as near as | STPHAO*ERS |
STPHAOERS would write sneers
|
as odd as | SO*DZ |
SODZ would write sod
|
as quick as | SKW*EULGS | note that as quickly as has the stroke without the \(*\)
|
as quickly as | SKWEULGS | |
as small as | SPHAULS | |
as soon as | SAOPBS | |
as strong as | STROPBGS | |
as well as | SW-LS |
21.6 Contractions
21.6.1 not
contractions
Plover has briefs for phrases involving * not
and the contraction *n't
. For contractions, the brief usually ends in PBT
, for example didn't
as TK-PBT
. The full forms use PBLT
as the ending.
Full | Stroke | Contraction | Stroke |
---|---|---|---|
cannot | KAPBLT |
can’t | K-PBT |
could not | KOPBLT |
couldn’t | KOPBT |
did not | TK-PBLT |
didn’t | TK-PBT |
does not | doesn’t | TKOPBT |
|
do not | TKPHOT |
don’t | TKOEPBT |
has not | HAPBLT |
hasn’t | HAFPBT |
have not | SR-PBLT |
haven’t | SR-PBT |
is not | S-PBLT |
isn’t | S-PBT |
must not | mustn’t | PHUFPBT |
|
should not | SH-PBLT |
shouldn’t | SH-PBT |
was not | wasn’t | WAEPBT |
|
were not | WR-PBLT |
weren’t | WR-PBT |
would not | WOPBLT |
wouldn’t | WOPBT |
While slower and requiring a second stroke, it is possible to add n't
to any word by using *PBT
. For example, RAT/*PBT
will create ratn't
, similar to how AEU
is used to add 's
to the last word.
21.6.2 'd
and 'll
contractions
To add 'd
or 'll
to any word, use the *D
and -L
respectively. Briefs exist for pronoun + 'd
and + 'll
.
21.6.3 Table of Pronoun Contractions
Plover’s contractions are not the most consistent. While most pronoun + contractions use the \(*\) key, some do not, such as some I
and we
combinations. There are more consistent phrasing systems for use with Plover, such as Jade’s Phrasing and Waleed Khan.
'd |
'll |
're |
’s | ’ve | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
he | AOED |
*EL |
HAO*ES |
||
how | HOUD |
HOU/*R |
HO*US |
||
I | AOEUD |
AOEUL |
AO*EUF |
||
it | T*D |
T*L |
T*S |
||
she | SHAO*ED |
SHAO*EL |
SHAO*ES |
||
that | THA*D |
THA*L |
THA*S |
THA*F |
|
there | THR*D |
THR*L |
THR*S |
THR*F |
|
they | THA*EUD |
THA*EUL |
THA*EUR |
THA*EUF |
|
this | TH*L |
||||
we | WAOED |
WAO*EL |
WAO*ER |
W*EF, WAOEF |
|
what | WHA*D |
WHA*L |
WHA*S |
WHA*F |
|
when | WH*D |
WH*L |
WH*S |
WH*F |
|
where | WR*D |
WR*L |
WR*S |
WR*F |
|
who | WHO*D |
WHO*L |
WHO*S |
WHO*F |
|
why | KWR*D |
||||
you | *UD |
KWRAO*UL |
KWRAO*UR , UR
|
KWRAO*UF , UF
|
21.7 Exercises
21.7.1 Write
-
accord accord accord according according according act act act acting acting acting
-
add add add adding adding adding ask ask ask asking asking asking
-
be be be being being being break break break breaking breaking breaking
-
bring bring bring bringing bringing bringing
-
build build build building building building check check check checking checking checking
-
consider consider consider considering considering considering continue continue continue continuing continuing continuing
-
cook cook cook cooking cooking cooking do do do doing doing doing
-
drink drink drink drinking drinking drinking
-
during during during examine examine examine examining examining examining include include include including including including
-
interest interest interest interesting interesting interesting look look look looking looking looking
-
make make make making making making manufacture manufacture manufacture manufacturing manufacturing manufacturing
-
measure measure measure measuring measuring measuring nothing nothing nothing pat pat pat patting patting patting
-
persist persist persist persisting persisting persisting pull pull pull pulling pulling pulling
-
put put put putting putting putting regard regard regard regarding regarding regarding
-
remember remember remember remembering remembering remembering take take take taking taking taking
-
think think think thinking thinking thinking track track track tracking tracking tracking
-
walk walk walk walking walking walking win win win winning winning winning
-
work work work working working working write write write writing writing writing
-
auto auto auto beta beta beta bicycle bicycle bicycle China China China copy copy copy
-
cycle cycle cycle deny deny deny dirty dirty dirty focus focus focus glory glory glory
-
greedy greedy greedy healthy healthy healthy heavy heavy heavy hero hero hero history history history
-
loyal loyal loyal lucky lucky lucky major major major memory memory memory mystery mystery mystery
-
radio radio radio recycle recycle recycle shadow shadow shadow shiny shiny shiny statue statue statue
-
steno steno steno study study study superior superior superior survey survey survey theory theory theory
-
tiny tiny tiny William William William window window window
-
backside backside backside downside downside downside inside inside inside outside outside outside subside subside subside
-
topside topside topside upside upside upside
-
he'd he'd he'd how'd how'd how'd I'd I'd I'd it'd it'd it'd she'd she'd she'd
-
that'd that'd that'd there'd there'd there'd they'd they'd they'd we'd we'd we'd what'd what'd what'd
-
when'd when'd when'd where'd where'd where'd who'd who'd who'd why'd why'd why'd you'd you'd you'd
-
he'll he'll he'll I'll I'll I'll it'll it'll it'll she'll she'll she'll that'll that'll that'll
-
there'll there'll there'll they'll they'll they'll we'll we'll we'll what'll what'll what'll when'll when'll when'll
-
where'll where'll where'll who'll who'll who'll you'll you'll you'll
-
how're how're how're they're they're they're we're we're we're you're you're you're
-
he's he's he's how's how's how's it's it's it's she's she's she's that's that's that's
-
there's there's there's what's what's what's when's when's when's where's where's where's who's who's who's
-
I've I've I've that've that've that've there've there've there've they've they've they've we've we've we've
-
what've what've what've when've when've when've where've where've where've who've who've who've you've you've you've
21.7.2 Write with sound
Controls
-
left-hand side left-hand side left-hand side
-
left side left side left side
-
other side other side other side
-
right-hand side right-hand side right-hand side
-
that side that side that side
-
this side this side this side
-
what side what side what side
-
which side which side which side
-
as bad as as bad as as bad as
-
as best as as best as as best as
-
as big as as big as as big as
-
as broad as as broad as as broad as
-
as close as as close as as close as
-
as far as as far as as far as
-
as fast as as fast as as fast as
-
as free as as free as as free as
-
as fresh as as fresh as as fresh as
-
as good as as good as as good as
-
as hard as as hard as as hard as
-
as high as as high as as high as
-
as large as as large as as large as
-
as long as as long as as long as
-
as low as as low as as low as
-
as mad as as mad as as mad as
-
as many as as many as as many as
-
as much as as much as as much as
-
as near as as near as as near as
-
as odd as as odd as as odd as
-
as quick as as quick as as quick as
-
as quickly as as quickly as as quickly as
-
as small as as small as as small as
-
as soon as as soon as as soon as
-
as strong as as strong as as strong as
-
as well as as well as as well as
-
cannot can't could not couldn't cannot can't could not couldn't cannot can't could not couldn't
-
did not didn't does not doesn't did not didn't does not doesn't did not didn't does not doesn't
-
do not don't has not hasn't do not don't has not hasn't do not don't has not hasn't
-
have not haven't is not isn't have not haven't is not isn't have not haven't is not isn't
-
must not mustn't should not shouldn't must not mustn't should not shouldn't must not mustn't should not shouldn't
-
was not wasn't were not weren't was not wasn't were not weren't was not wasn't were not weren't
-
would not won't would not won't would not won't
-
Joke, something said or done to make one laugh. Joke, something said or done to make one laugh. Joke, something said or done to make one laugh.
-
I've lost my knife. I've lost my knife. I've lost my knife.
-
Haven't, have not. Haven't, have not. Haven't, have not.
-
Hadn't, had not. Hadn't, had not. Hadn't, had not.
-
Fourteen, ten and four. Fourteen, ten and four. Fourteen, ten and four.
-
My cousin will be fourteen years old tomorrow. My cousin will be fourteen years old tomorrow. My cousin will be fourteen years old tomorrow.
-
Don't form bad habits. Don't form bad habits. Don't form bad habits.
-
Covering, anything that covers or hides something else. Covering, anything that covers or hides something else. Covering, anything that covers or hides something else.
-
This is a copy of her dress. This is a copy of her dress. This is a copy of her dress.
-
Aren't, are not. Aren't, are not. Aren't, are not.
-
Does Mother appear to be tired? Does Mother appear to be tired? Does Mother appear to be tired?
-
The men are building a house. The men are building a house. The men are building a house.
-
A barn is a building. A barn is a building. A barn is a building.
-
Clothes, covering for the body. Clothes, covering for the body. Clothes, covering for the body.
-
Couldn't, a short way of saying could not. Couldn't, a short way of saying could not. Couldn't, a short way of saying could not.
-
Doesn't, a short way of saying does not. Doesn't, a short way of saying does not. Doesn't, a short way of saying does not.
-
Don't dirty your shoes. Don't dirty your shoes. Don't dirty your shoes.
-
The streets dried quickly after the shower. The streets dried quickly after the shower. The streets dried quickly after the shower.
-
Forgot, did not remember. Forgot, did not remember. Forgot, did not remember.
-
Heavy, not light. More than usually; as, a heavy rain. Heavy, not light. More than usually; as, a heavy rain. Heavy, not light. More than usually; as, a heavy rain.
-
Proud, well pleased with. Thinking too well of one's self. Proud, well pleased with. Thinking too well of one's self. Proud, well pleased with. Thinking too well of one's self.
-
She will wipe the dirt from the window sill. She will wipe the dirt from the window sill. She will wipe the dirt from the window sill.
-
Storm, a heavy fall of rain or snow, usually with a strong wind. Storm, a heavy fall of rain or snow, usually with a strong wind. Storm, a heavy fall of rain or snow, usually with a strong wind.
-
True, not false; according to the facts; correct. True, not false; according to the facts; correct. True, not false; according to the facts; correct.
-
You smile while I write. You smile while I write. You smile while I write.
-
The child may climb the hill and slide down twice. The child may climb the hill and slide down twice. The child may climb the hill and slide down twice.
-
Wouldn't, a short way of saying would not. Wouldn't, a short way of saying would not. Wouldn't, a short way of saying would not.
-
Shed, a small building for keeping animals warm or for storing things. To throw off. Shed, a small building for keeping animals warm or for storing things. To throw off. Shed, a small building for keeping animals warm or for storing things. To throw off.
-
Wasn't, a short way of saying was not. Wasn't, a short way of saying was not. Wasn't, a short way of saying was not.
-
The women cooked a big dinner. The women cooked a big dinner. The women cooked a big dinner.
-
He studies a little, but I don't think he is trying very hard. He studies a little, but I don't think he is trying very hard. He studies a little, but I don't think he is trying very hard.
-
I am so tired that I can't go on. I am so tired that I can't go on. I am so tired that I can't go on.
-
She had taken her books to the library before she went to play. She had taken her books to the library before she went to play. She had taken her books to the library before she went to play.
-
Stairs, steps leading from one story of a building to another. Stairs, steps leading from one story of a building to another. Stairs, steps leading from one story of a building to another.
-
Do not spoil the baby. Do not spoil the baby. Do not spoil the baby.
-
I don't know how to score it. I don't know how to score it. I don't know how to score it.
-
Learning, seeing how and practicing. Studying. Learning, seeing how and practicing. Studying. Learning, seeing how and practicing. Studying.
-
It's, a short way of saying it is. It's, a short way of saying it is. It's, a short way of saying it is.
-
Don't soil your hands. Don't soil your hands. Don't soil your hands.
-
I'll, a short way of saying I will. I'll, a short way of saying I will. I'll, a short way of saying I will.
-
Hasn't, a short way of saying has not. Hasn't, a short way of saying has not. Hasn't, a short way of saying has not.
-
Family, parents and their children. A group of relatives. Family, parents and their children. A group of relatives. Family, parents and their children. A group of relatives.
-
He dresses himself very carefully to go to school. He dresses himself very carefully to go to school. He dresses himself very carefully to go to school.
-
Dirty, not clean; covered with dirt. To make dirty. Dirty, not clean; covered with dirt. To make dirty. Dirty, not clean; covered with dirt. To make dirty.
-
Don't cry. Don't cry. Don't cry.
-
Don't be sly. Don't be sly. Don't be sly.
-
Don't chase the coach. Don't chase the coach. Don't chase the coach.
-
Don't whine and tease. Don't whine and tease. Don't whine and tease.
-
Al is going to join the Boy Scouts. Al is going to join the Boy Scouts. Al is going to join the Boy Scouts.
-
The water was cloudy after the storm. The water was cloudy after the storm. The water was cloudy after the storm.
-
It was my first flight in an airplane. It was my first flight in an airplane. It was my first flight in an airplane.
-
Cause, reason. A subject in which many people take an interest. Cause, reason. A subject in which many people take an interest. Cause, reason. A subject in which many people take an interest.
-
Sara led me ride on her bicycle. Sara led me ride on her bicycle. Sara led me ride on her bicycle.
-
A window shade or shutter. A window shade or shutter. A window shade or shutter.
-
Angry, to be cross at; provoked. Angry, to be cross at; provoked. Angry, to be cross at; provoked.
-
Let me treat you to an ice-cream cone. Let me treat you to an ice-cream cone. Let me treat you to an ice-cream cone.
-
Tire, a band around the outside of a wheel. To become weary. Tire, a band around the outside of a wheel. To become weary. Tire, a band around the outside of a wheel. To become weary.
-
Shine, to give light. Look bright when light falls on it; as, the clean windows shine. To make bright by polishing; as, to shine silver, to shine shoes. Shine, to give light. Look bright when light falls on it; as, the clean windows shine. To make bright by polishing; as, to shine silver, to shine shoes. Shine, to give light. Look bright when light falls on it; as, the clean windows shine. To make bright by polishing; as, to shine silver, to shine shoes.
-
That heavy coat will shed water. That heavy coat will shed water. That heavy coat will shed water.
-
Remember, to keep in memory; not forget. To call back to one's mind. Remember, to keep in memory; not forget. To call back to one's mind. Remember, to keep in memory; not forget. To call back to one's mind.
-
Deer, a wild animal. Deer, a wild animal. Deer, a wild animal.
-
Dance, to move to music according to a pattern. Seem to move lightly or gaily. A party where there is dancing. Dance, to move to music according to a pattern. Seem to move lightly or gaily. A party where there is dancing. Dance, to move to music according to a pattern. Seem to move lightly or gaily. A party where there is dancing.
-
Comb. To smooth and arrange. A tool for straightening hair or for holding it in place. A growth on the head of certain birds. Comb. To smooth and arrange. A tool for straightening hair or for holding it in place. A growth on the head of certain birds. Comb. To smooth and arrange. A tool for straightening hair or for holding it in place. A growth on the head of certain birds.