12 Common Prefixes and Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes are very common in the English language. Plover has an exhaustive set of strokes for different prefixes and suffixes. Strokes for common prefixes and suffixes follow the same general theory principles, such as -PBS
(“NS”) for -ness
. Plover will do its best to add the proper prefix and suffix and adjust the word if necessary for correct spelling, such as box
to boxes
with PWOBGS/-S
. In the dictionary, prefixes have an “attach” operator at the end, and suffixes at the beginning, such as {re^}
for re-
.
This section is not exhaustive.
12.1 Learning Objectives
- Learn common prefixes
a-
,un-
, andre-
- Learn common suffixes
-y
,-ly
,-ry
,-ty
,-en
,-less
,-ness
and-ful
- Learn briefs for common words starting with
a-
,al
andany-
12.2 a-
The a-
prefix such as in alone
and apart
is represented by the A
stroke.
A HROEPB
A PART
For some common words, the briefs will drop the A
, or fold the A
within the stroke.
Word | Brief | Full Stroke | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
abort | PWORT |
A/PWORT |
|
about | PW |
Only brief for this word | |
above | PWOF |
A/PWOF |
|
abuse | PWAOUS |
A/PWAOUS |
|
accept | SEP |
ABG/SEPT |
AK SEPT for the full stroke |
accord | K-D |
A/K-D , A/KORD
|
|
account | K-T |
A/KOUPBT |
|
achieve | KHEF |
A/KHAOEF |
|
across | KRAOS |
A/KROS |
|
actual | TAOUL |
ABG/KHUL |
AK CHUL for the full stroke |
admire | TKPHAOEUR |
AD/PHAOEUR |
D-MIRE |
adopt | TKOPT |
A/TKOPT |
|
adorable | TKORBL |
A/TKORBL |
|
adult | TKULT |
A/TKULT |
|
advance | SRAPBS |
AD/SRAPBS |
|
advice | SREUS |
AD/SRAOEUS |
SRAOEUS will write vice
|
advise | SRAOEUZ |
AD/SRAOEUZ |
|
agree | TKPWRAOE |
A/TKPWRAOE |
|
alcohol | KHOL |
AL/KO/HOL |
|
allow | HROU |
A/HROU |
|
along | HRAOPBG |
A/HROPBG |
|
among | PHOPBG |
A/PHOPBG |
|
animal | TPHAPBL |
APB/PHAL |
|
announce | TPHOUPBS |
A/TPHOUPBS |
|
ask | SK |
Only brief for this word | |
assume | SAOUPL |
A/SAOUPL |
|
away | WA*EU |
A/WAEU |
12.3 un-
The un
prefix such as in unclean
and unkind
is represented by the UPB
stroke.
UPB KLAOEPB
UPB KEUPBD
12.4 re-
The re
prefix such as in refill
and reform
is represented by the RE
stroke.
RE TPEUL
RE TPORPL
12.5 -er
The -er
suffix such as in maker
and fuller
is represented by the *ER
stroke.
PHAEUBG *ER
PHUL *ER
12.6 -y
The -y
suffix such as in funny
and puffy
is represented by the KWREU
stroke.
TPUPB KWREU
PUF KWREU
12.7 -ly
The -ly
suffix in cleanly
and roughly
is represented by the HREU
stroke.
KHRAOEPB HREU
RUF HREU
12.8 -ry
The -ry
suffix in finery
and eatery
is represented by the REU
stroke.
TPAOEUPB REU
Note how suffixes can be combined together, for example eatery
as eat
, -er
, -y
.
AOET *ER KWREU
AOET REU
12.9 -ty
The -ty
suffix in mighty
and drafty
is represented by TEU
.
PHAOEUT TEU
TKRAFT TEU
12.10 -en
The -en
suffix as in kitten
, eaten
and garden
is represented by the *EPB
stroke. For some words, PB
or EPB
would also work in Plover to write the correct word.
KEUT *EPB
AOET *EPB
The word garden
can be written in multiple ways. If written as gard
and -en
, Plover will first output guard
for the stroke TKPWARD
, and once *EPB
is stroked, Plover will delete the output guard
and output garden
.
TKPWARD *EPB
12.11 -less
and -ness
The suffixes -less
and -ness
are represented by the strokes -LS
and -PBS
in words such as restless
and stiffness
.
REFT -LS
STEUF -PBS
12.12 -ful
The suffix -ful
is represented by the stroke -FL
in words such as earful
and tubful.
AOER -FL
TUB -FL
12.13 The al-
briefs
Word | Brief | Note |
---|---|---|
all right | HR-RT |
|
almost | HR-PL |
|
already | HR-RD |
|
alright | HR*RT |
|
also | HR-S |
|
although | HR*T |
|
altogether | HR-GT |
TOGT for together |
12.14 The any-
briefs
The briefs below start with any
, and use TPH
as the N
sound in order to write the word in one stroke.
Word | Stroke | Note |
---|---|---|
any | TPHEU |
|
anybody | TPHEUB |
|
anymore | TPHEUPL |
|
anyone | TPHEUPB |
|
anyplace | TPHEUPLS |
|
anything | TPHEUG |
|
anytime | TPHAOEUPL |
|
anyway | TPHAE |
|
anywhere | TPHEUR |
12.15 Exercises
12.15.1 Write
-
all right all right all right almost almost almost already already already alright alright alright also also also
-
although although although altogether altogether altogether any any any anybody anybody anybody anymore anymore anymore
-
anyone anyone anyone anyplace anyplace anyplace anything anything anything
-
anytime anytime anytime anyway anyway anyway anywhere anywhere anywhere
-
abort abort abort about about about above above above abuse abuse abuse accept accept accept
-
accord accord accord account account account achieve achieve achieve across across across actual actual actual
-
admire admire admire adopt adopt adopt adorable adorable adorable adult adult adult advance advance advance
-
advice advice advice advise advise advise agree agree agree alcohol alcohol alcohol allow allow allow
-
along along along among among among animal animal animal announce announce announce ask ask ask
-
assume assume assume away away away
12.15.2 Write with sound
Controls
-
Joy, gladness. Joy, gladness. Joy, gladness.
-
Jolly, full of fun. Jolly, full of fun. Jolly, full of fun.
-
Mother will always deal fairly with us. Mother will always deal fairly with us. Mother will always deal fairly with us.
-
Aside, apart; off from the rest. Aside, apart; off from the rest. Aside, apart; off from the rest.
-
The player ran to third base. The player ran to third base. The player ran to third base.
-
Arrest, to put in jail; to take to court. To stop. Arrest, to put in jail; to take to court. To stop. Arrest, to put in jail; to take to court. To stop.
-
Given, handed or presented. Given, handed or presented. Given, handed or presented.
-
Giving, making a present of. Giving, making a present of. Giving, making a present of.
-
Higher, more high. Higher, more high. Higher, more high.
-
Hung, fastened up. Bent or leaned down. Hung, fastened up. Bent or leaned down. Hung, fastened up. Bent or leaned down.
-
Oil, a kind of fat which is burned to give light and heat and is used to grease machinery. Oil, a kind of fat which is burned to give light and heat and is used to grease machinery. Oil, a kind of fat which is burned to give light and heat and is used to grease machinery.
-
Wooden, made of wood. Wooden, made of wood. Wooden, made of wood.
-
Useful, helpful. Useful, helpful. Useful, helpful.
-
Though, if; although. Though, if; although. Though, if; although.
-
Given, handed or presented. Given, handed or presented. Given, handed or presented.
-
Giving, making a present of. Giving, making a present of. Giving, making a present of.
-
Flock, a group of animals or birds living together. To gather or move in a crowd. Flock, a group of animals or birds living together. To gather or move in a crowd. Flock, a group of animals or birds living together. To gather or move in a crowd.
-
Animal, a living being that is not a plant. Animal, a living being that is not a plant. Animal, a living being that is not a plant.
-
A bird is an animal. A bird is an animal. A bird is an animal.
-
Kindly, in a friendly way; as, to act kindly. Kindly, in a friendly way; as, to act kindly. Kindly, in a friendly way; as, to act kindly.
-
That is only partly true. That is only partly true. That is only partly true.
-
I can't see clearly through the mist. I can't see clearly through the mist. I can't see clearly through the mist.
-
Your work is harder than mine. Your work is harder than mine. Your work is harder than mine.
-
Harder, with more effort. More difficult. Harder, with more effort. More difficult. Harder, with more effort. More difficult.
-
Hardly, barely; only just. Hardly, barely; only just. Hardly, barely; only just.
-
The pond was frozen over. The pond was frozen over. The pond was frozen over.
-
We fixed the date of our next meeting. We fixed the date of our next meeting. We fixed the date of our next meeting.
-
I was feeling so cold, I had to put on my coat. I was feeling so cold, I had to put on my coat. I was feeling so cold, I had to put on my coat.
-
The dog was driven out of the garden. The dog was driven out of the garden. The dog was driven out of the garden.
-
Cloudy, covered with clouds. Not clear. Cloudy, covered with clouds. Not clear. Cloudy, covered with clouds. Not clear.
-
Betty has a bad cough. Betty has a bad cough. Betty has a bad cough.
-
Bid, to say in greeting. To offer as a price. Bid, to say in greeting. To offer as a price. Bid, to say in greeting. To offer as a price.
-
The coast is beyond what I can afford. The coast is beyond what I can afford. The coast is beyond what I can afford.
-
Beast, an animal. Beast, an animal. Beast, an animal.
-
Attend, to go to; to be present at. Attend, to go to; to be present at. Attend, to go to; to be present at.
-
Tom keeps his account correctly. Tom keeps his account correctly. Tom keeps his account correctly.
-
Scare, to make afraid. Scare, to make afraid. Scare, to make afraid.
-
Really, truly, certainly. Really, truly, certainly. Really, truly, certainly.
-
Dining, eating dinner. Dining, eating dinner. Dining, eating dinner.
-
Rabbit, a small furry animal. Rabbit, a small furry animal. Rabbit, a small furry animal.
-
He drove the hens out of the garden. He drove the hens out of the garden. He drove the hens out of the garden.
-
Fear, fright. To be afraid of. Fear, fright. To be afraid of. Fear, fright. To be afraid of.