33 Intermediate Dictation

33.1 How to use this section

This section contains texts with a Flesch-Kincaid readability score between 70 and 115, or roughly elementary school-level English. For details on how the section is organized, see 32.1.

33.2 Practice texts

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Translation

33.2.1 Untitled

Selected Words

as fast as

STPAFTS

as the

SAZ

do you

TKOU

will not

HR-PBLT

you think

UPBG

Text

Will, can the cat catch the rat?

Yes, May; the cat can run very fast. The rat cannot run as fast as the cat.

Will, do you think the cat will kill and eat the rat?

No, the cat will not kill the rat; she will play with it.

33.2.2 Untitled

Selected Words

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

in the

TPH-T

you ever

UFR

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

Where did Mr. Hart get his hay?

He got it in the field.

Did you ever see men mow in the field?

Do you know what hay is?

It is dry grass.

Can you tell me what hay is good for?

33.2.3 Untitled

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

at the

TE

did you

TKU

I say

EUBZ

I wanted

EUPTD

run to

TOURPB

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

we are

WER

Text

Come, Willie, let us run a race.

Yes; Jane; where shall we run?

We will run to the road.

Shall we go through the gate?

Yes, Willie. Who will get there first?

I will. Now let us run.

Wait till I say the word.

One, two, three -- run!

Here we are at the road. You have won the race, Willie.

Yes, Jane; but why did you stop at the gate.

To let you get through first. You gave me a peach, and I wanted to do something for you.

33.2.4 Untitled

Selected Words

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

on the

OPBT

she is

SHES

this is

TH-S

Text

This is a fat man and his cat. His fan is in his hand, and his hat is on the mat. This is the man's cat. She is on the mat too.

33.2.5 Untitled

Selected Words

I want

EUPT

should not

SHOPBLT

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

you should

URBD

Text

I want to use that nice gold pen.

My son, you should not fume and fret so; you have no use for a pen yet.

Let us go and try to cure the old mule.

33.2.6 Untitled

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

and a

SKPA

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

stand in

STPHAPBD

to the

TOT

what should

WHARBD

Text

Let me tell you about the cow.

She has four legs and two horns. She gives us milk.

What should we do if we had no cows to give us milk!

Nice sweet milk is good to drink.

Do you not like to eat bread and milk?

I can see a cow and a calf in the picture.

Two cows have come down to the pond to drink.

It is a hot day, and they like to stand in the water.

The cow eats grass, but the calf likes milk.

33.2.7 Untitled

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

and will

SKP-L

at the

TE

but it

TPWUT

for the

TP-RT

got a

TKPWAOEUT

he has

HEZ

hod

H* O* TK*

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

on the

OPBT

put it

TPUT

will go

HR*G

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

Sam and Ned are at the dam. Sam has a rod. He has got a fish. It is not a cod, but it is a big fish. He will get it out on the sod, and Ned will put it in his bag.

Ned has a tin box, and in it he has a bun with some jam on it, and a bit of ham.

The man will put his hod on the log, and will go to see Sam's fish.

That is a ram by Ned. He sees the bun and the ham in Ned's box, but cannot get at them, for the lad Ned has a gad and will not let him.

33.2.8 Untitled

Selected Words

full of

TPUFL

he has

HEZ

I think

KWREUBG

is a

SA*EU

see this

STHAOE

Text

See this boy. His name is Roy. He seems full of joy. He has a coin. It is a dime. Will Roy buy toys with his dime? I think he will buy cakes or candy.

Roy makes a great noise. Most boys like to make much noise. Roy has a fine voice.

33.2.9 Untitled

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

and was

SKP-FS

as it

TAZ

did not

TKEUPBLT

had a

HA

had not

H-PBLT

he was

EFS

hit it

THEUT

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

see it

STAOE

to its

TOEUTS

to the

TOT

Text

Ned had a dog, and Ben had a pet kid. Ned set his dog on Ben's kid as it lay on the sod in the lot. The dog bit the kid on the leg, and Ned hit it with a big gad or rod. Then he hid the kid in a pit to get rid of it. The pit had mud in it, and the kid got wet and cold. As Ben had not fed the kid, he ran to the lot to see it. When he did not see the kid he was sad. He then ran to see if Ned had led it off to its bed. Ned was a bad boy and was mad with Ben, but yet he told Ben, the kid was in the pit. But when Ben got it out of the pit, his poor kid was dead.

33.2.10 Untitled

Selected Words

has been

HAB

he has

HEZ

on the

OPBT

Text

The lad cannot walk all day. He has been a long time on the road, and now he sits down on a rock to rest.

Poor boy! He has a long way to go, for he is far from home. He must get up, and take his cane, and go on.

He must not stay here long, for it will soon be dark.

Do you see the pond near the boy? Some fine fish are in that pond, but the boy cannot stop to fish for them.

33.2.11 Spike

Selected Words

Becky

PWEBG KEU

have a

SRA

he has

HEZ

into the

TPHAOT

Spike

KPA SPAOEUBG

we have

SWRAOE

Text

We have a black dog. His name is Spike. He has two white feet. Spike likes to play with Jack. When Jack throws a ball into the grass, Spike will run and get it. Spike likes to play with my cat, Becky, too.

33.2.12 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

he has

HEZ

Text

Frank has a new sled. Frank's sled is red and large. He has a little girl on his sled. This nice little girl has a knife. This girl will buy a white fan. The man has four white fans.

33.2.13 Untitled

Selected Words

did you

TKU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

may have

PHAEUF

went to

TWOEPBT

what a

WHA*

when I

WHEU

Text

Here is a sweet flower. You may have it, Jane.

Thank you. What a fine large flower! Where did you get it?

I got it in the field, when I went to see the colt.

33.2.14 Untitled

Selected Words

Text

Nat has a plant.

Nan sees the plant.

Mamma has seen the plant.

Nat has a can.

The man cannot hop.

Sam can hop.

Hop, Sam! Hop!

33.2.15 Untitled

Selected Words

at the

TE

do not

TKPHOT

he can

K*E

if you

TPU

into the

TPHAOT

is too

STAO

May

PHA*EU

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

put it

TPUT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

with our

WUR

with your

WUR

you do

TKO*U

Text

Come, Ann, let us go to see the man tap the tree. We can see the sap run. The man will get it and put it into a tub. We can dip some of the sap out of the tub with your cup and sip it. Do not let your dog get at the sap, for if you do, he will sup it.

O, May, a dog cannot sup, but he can lap. Cats and dogs lap.

Well, then, do not let him lap it.

See! The man dips the sap out of the tub into the pot with a big tin cup. Do not get the sap out of the pot to sip. It is too hot to put to your lips. But let some run out of the tree into your cup, and then you may sip it.

33.2.16 Untitled

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

do you

TKOU

do you see

TOUZ

is a

SA*EU

look at

HRAOBGT

pigs

PEUGZ

Text

What do you see now?

An old goat and a kid.

What is a kid?

It is a young goat.

Look at this big pig and the little pigs.

Here are four little pigs.

33.2.17 Untitled

Selected Words

as a

SA*Z

have a

SRA

he can

K*E

I see

STPHAOE

is not

S-PBLT

what is

SWHA*

you are

R*U

Text

Here is Fred on his pony.

Well, Fred, I see you are out for a ride.

You have a fine pony. What is his name?

His name is Jack.

I am glad you have such a fine pony. Let me see how well Jack can trot.

Jack is not so large as a horse, but he can trot fast.

33.2.18 Untitled

Selected Words

could find

KOUFPBD

glad to

TKPWHRAOD

in the

TPH-T

mown

PHOUPB

to the

TOT

we could

WEBGD

would be

WOB

Text

Let us go to the barn and play in the new-mown hay.

Yes, and we will look for a hen's nest.

I wish we could find a nest with ten eggs in it.

Mamma would be glad to get ten good eggs.

33.2.19 Untitled

Selected Words

have a

SRA

Text

Tom has a good sled.

Will he let May ride?

Do let May and dolly have a ride, Tom.

33.2.20 Untitled

Selected Words

in the

TPH-T

on the

OPBT

Text

We can sit in the chair.

We can sleep in the bed.

We can lie on the lounge.

33.2.21 Untitled

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

at the

TE

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

hay

HA*EU

if the

TP-T

in a

TPHA*EU

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

Jep

SKWR*P *E P*

load

HRAOD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

put it

TPUT

sees

SAO*ES

so bad

SOEBD

tea

TAE

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

they do

TKHOE

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

will not

HR-PBLT

with the

W-T

with you

WU

Text

Tom, go to the gap and see that the pigs do not get out of the lot into the hay. You may lop off a gad from the tree, and hit the pigs with it, if they come to the gap. My hip is so bad I cannot go out today. Yes, Jep may go with you. That is my cap you have, but you may put it on.

Here are Tom and Jep at the gap. Jep is in a nap, but the pigs will not come near, for Tom has his gad. If they do, Tom will tap Jep with it, and set him on the pigs. Tom has a cup, and a tin can with some cold tea in it. He dips his cup into the can, and wets his lips with the tea, now and then. It is a hot day, and Tom is hot. From the gap, Tom can see the men at the hay. He sees Ben on the top of a load. If the load tips will Ben fall? No, he will slip off, and hop out of the way.

33.2.22 Untitled

Selected Words

I will

KWREUL

in this

STHEUPBS

thank you

THA*UPBG

thank you

THAUPBG

Text

Who will untie the knot in this string? I will. Thank you. Will your horse stand still? He does not like to stand still. He likes to run a race.

33.2.23 Untitled

Selected Words

I have

SREU

is not

S-PBLT

that is

THAS

Text

I have on my big hat. That is not your hat. It is your papa's hat.

33.2.24 Untitled

Selected Words

is the

S-T

Text

The hat is black. The girl has a hat. Has the doll a black hat? The baby is good. The bad baby has a doll. Is the tree high?

33.2.25 Untitled

Selected Words

and will

SKP-L

at the

TE

did not

TKEUPBLT

had a

HA

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

that is

THAS

went to

TWOEPBT

Text

John and Will went to set up a tent.

The lads went in a wagon.

A man in the tent had on a wig.

A wag got the wig and hid it in John's wagon. A wag is a lad that is fond of fun.

John's dog had a bed in the wagon.

Did not the dog jump at the wag?

The dog did jump at the wag, but the wag did not mind the dog.

33.2.26 Untitled

Selected Words

and it

SKPEUT

Ellen

EL EPB

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

it can

T-BG

it has

T-Z

on the

OPBT

Text

Ann is the best lass in the class.

A fly can buzz, buzz, on the glass.

Ellen must not get in a fuss.

Belle has a doll; it can nod its head.

Miss Hill can buy my doll a hat.

Nat's little lamb is dead. The bad dog, Snip, bit it on the head.

Has the hand-bell a handle? It has a handle, and it is a brass bell.

33.2.27 Untitled

Selected Words

a lot

HROELT

cob

KO*B

has to

THAOS

he has

HEZ

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is to

STO

Mab

PH*P A* PW*

off the

OFT

Rob

RO*B

that he

THAE

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

will go

HR*G

Text

Rob has his old cob or nag in a cab. He and Mab will go out in it to see a pet cub, that Rob has in a lot not far off. But they cannot go yet, as Rob has some jobs to do. He has to rub the mud off the cab. He will dip that big rag that he has in his hand in the tub, and wet it, to rub the mud off. He has to put oil in the hubs of his cab, too. His dog, Rab, is to go with him; but Mab's cat, Tab, cannot go.

33.2.28 Untitled

Selected Words

is a

SA*EU

Text

Jane is a good little girl.

She has a big doll.

This is Jane and her doll.

Will you let me hold dolly?

Yes; you may hold her.

33.2.29 Untitled

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

could find

KOUFPBD

do I

TKOEU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

know the

TPHO*ET

than the

THAPBT

then the

THEPBT

there were

THR-RP

we could

WEBGD

would be

WOB

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

How warm it is today!

How bright the sun is!

I wish we could find a cool place and sit down.

Here is a cool place under this tree. We will sit in the shade and rest.

I like the shade better than the hot sunshine.

So do I; but you know the sun does much good.

What good does the sun do?

It makes the air and the ground warm. Then the grass and the flowers and the trees grow.

How cold and dark it would be if there were no sun!

33.2.30 What The Crab Does

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and he

SKPE

and the

SKP-T

as large as

SHRARPBLGS

as the

SAZ

do not

TKPHOT

down the

TKOUPBT

give up

TKPWUP

he has

HEZ

he knows

H*EPBS

hit it

THEUT

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is like

SHRAOEUBG

it should

T-RBD

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

out of

OUFT

ready to

TKRAOE

should be

SHOB

that he

THAE

that the

THAT

too long

TAOPBG

up and

SKPUP

we say

WEBZ

will be

HR-B

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

The crab is quick to get cross.

Are you?

He likes to fight.

In that he is like a bad boy.

When he sees some other crab near his house, he is angry.

Then he stands high on his toes.

He pulls in his eye-pegs, for fear they will be hurt.

He spreads out his big arm.

Now he is ready to fight!

He runs at his enemy!

Each tries to hit the other with his big claw.

This big claw, or hand, can cut and pinch hard.

Sometimes one crab cuts off the hand or leg of the other crab.

Or he bites the shell on his back.

If only a leg is cut off, the crab may keep on fighting.

But if his hand, or eye, or back shell is hurt, he must give up.

He runs home to hide, until a new eye, or hand, or leg can grow.

If your hand is cut off, will it grow again?

When a crab is afraid, he runs home.

But he is very brave, and does not much fear other crabs.

He fears birds most; for birds eat small crabs; and the crab cannot fight a big bird.

Swing a rag over a crab's head.

Up fly his eye-pegs!

Up comes his big hand!

There, he has caught the rag!

He will not let go.

You can lift him into the air by the rag; still he holds on.

Once I saw a blue crab catch a dog's tail.

The crab held on fast.

The dog gave yelps, and ran up and down the beach.

We had to catch the dog, and pry open the crab's claw.

Let us look at this crab; he has let go the rag, and has gone to dig in his house.

Lay this bit of shell on his hole.

See it shake!

He has run up and hit it with his head.

Now he waits.

Watch well.

There, the shell flies up in the air!

he struck it hard as he ran, and made it fly up.

I have seen him try twice, and make the shell shake before he found how hard he must hit, to get it out of the way.

some folks think he shuts the door of his house with his big hand.

I do not think so.

He knows that the tide will wash a lump of sand over his hole, for a door.

the tide shuts him in.

he watches the waves come near.

at the last wave he jumps through his door, for he knows the next wave will close it.

He never stays up one wave too long. He gets in in time.

he is shut in his house with Mrs. Crab.

he knows that the tide will pass, and he has bugs to eat.

when Mr. Crab has lost a leg or hand, and a new one grows, it is small at first.

then when he gets a new coat, the new hand or leg bedrooms half as large as the one he lost.

The next new coat, the new hand or leg comes out the full size it should be.

When crabs get a new shell we say they molt.

33.2.31 Untitled

Selected Words

as fast as

STPAFTS

as many

SPHAEPB

as the

SAZ

have a

SRA

she can

SHEBG

we have

SWRAOE

Text

We have a very large cat.

She can run as fast as the dog.

I think she can catch and kill as many rats as the dog.

I saw her catch a bird.

She likes to play with rats.

33.2.32 Untitled

Selected Words

had a

HA

in the

TPH-T

this is

TH-S

Text

This is Ned's hen and little ones. Ned fed them some soft food. He is fond of his old hen. She lets him pet the little ones. Ned's hen had a nest in the shed.

33.2.33 Untitled

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

I can

AOEUBG

in the

TPH-T

with the

W-T

Text

The ten little chicks with the hen are not very wild. They will eat in the box with the dog. I can hold Frank's horse. Frank will let me ride him. I can feed him, too.

33.2.34 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

as you

AUZ

I can

AOEUBG

I will

KWREUL

is a

SA*EU

see it

STAOE

that is

THAS

you can

UBG

Text

Look, Jane! I can write as well as you. See how I write!

O Tom! You must make a big t, not a little t.

I cannot make a big t. Tell me how, Jane; you can make it.

T. That is a big t.

Now I will write it again, and let papa see it.

33.2.35 Untitled

Selected Words

is the

S-T

Text

The ball is big. Has the boy a ball? The boy has a top. Has the girl a doll? The doll is little. Is the doll white?

33.2.36 Untitled

Selected Words

got a

TKPWAOEUT

he can

K*E

he has

HEZ

in a

TPHA*EU

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

Text

Last fall Will got a small dog. He calls him Tip.

Will has come to the pond to fish. He has some buns in a basket, and makes Tip sit up and beg for his share.

Tip is so wise, Will thinks he can almost talk.

33.2.37 Untitled

Selected Words

in the

TPH-T

run to

TOURPB

to the

TOT

will be

HR-B

you will

HR*U

Text

Touch me and say Tag; then run away. Shall I run to the boat? No; you cannot run fast in the sand. You will be caught.

33.2.38 Untitled

Selected Words

a lot

HROELT

a lot of

HROEFLT

Chapman

KPA KHAP PHA*PB

did not

TKEUPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

from you

TPRU

from your

TPRUR

glad to

TKPWHRAOD

good day

TKPW-D

has been

HAB

have a

SRA

have not

SR-PBLT

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

have you

SRU

he said

HEBS

he were

ERP

I can

AOEUBG

I have

SREU

lot of

HROFT

much for

TPHOUFRP

no one

TPHOEUPB

so long

SHROPBG

so you

SOU

sort of

SOFRT

that I

THAEU

to be

TOB

we are

WER

what are

WHAR

with you

WU

you can

UBG

Text

Come, Fred, let us have a chat with this old man.

Good day, Mr. Rich, we are glad to see you look so well. How hard you work, sir!

Yes, my boys, I have to work hard. I have to chop all day long, but I have not done much today as yet.

You have made a lot of chips here, Mr. Rich. What are they good for?

I burn them, but the wood that I cut, I sell.

Do you not get a rest from your hard work, now and then, Mr. Rich?

O, yes, I fish when fish are to be had, but one can get no sort of fish but chub just now. Such fish I do not care much for.

O no, nor do we. But have you no one to work with you, Mr. Rich?

Will Chapman has been with me all along, but he left me today. I chided him for his bad work. He got to be too slow. He said he did not wish me to talk to him as if he were but a chit, when we had been chums so long, and then he went off. But I can get along without him.

So you can, Mr. Rich. Good day, sir.

Good day, boys.

33.2.39 Untitled

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

and this

STHAPBD

into the

TPHAOT

lots of

HROFTS

went to

TWOEPBT

with the

W-T

Text

That and this, this and that; Ned is thin, but Tom is fat.

Tom and Ned went to get a bag of nuts and Mab and Gus went with them.

Did the lads have fun with the nuts?

Ned and Tom had lots of fun, but Gus and Mab got into a bog.

Then a man sent for his dog, and the man went with his dog into the bog for Mab and Gus.

33.2.40 Untitled

Selected Words

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

I think

KWREUBG

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

them to

THOEUPL

to the

TOT

Text

These men go out in the sea to catch fish to sell in the market. They catch them in a net and bring them to the land. I think they will bring the net to the beach under the crag.

Do you see the crag? It is a high, steep rock. The men's boat is on the beach, near the foot of the crag.

The fish are alive; they try to spring from the net. It is hard work to drag a net full of fish to the shore.

33.2.41 Untitled

Selected Words

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

there are

THR-R

up and

SKPUP

Text

Nell and Fan are in the Park. Nell sees a nest in a tree. It is a robin's nest. "Let us go up and look at it. O see! There are three little eggs in it. The old robin is back, let us go."

33.2.42 Mr. and Mrs. Crab Get a New Coat

Selected Words

and more

SKPHOR

as big as

SPWEUGS

as you

AUZ

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

does that

TKHAOS

few of

TPAOUF

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

I will

KWREUL

in a

TPHA*EU

in all

TPHAUL

is a

SA*EU

is too

STAO

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

so fast

SOFZ

what can

WHA*BG

will not

HR-PBLT

you could

UBGD

you do

TKO*U

Text

Your skin is soft and fine.

As you grow more and more, your skin does not break.

Your skin gets larger as your body grows.

But Mr. Crab is in a hard shell.

The shell will not stretch.

It gets too tight, and what can Mr. Crab do then?

What do you do when your coat is too small?

Now I will tell you a strange thing.

When Mr. Crab finds that his shell is too small, he takes it off, as you take off your coat.

He pulls his legs, his hands, and his back, out of his shell.

He does that in his house.

You do not undress out of doors.

You go to your room.

So does Mr. Crab.

He slips out of his shell.

He pulls out his feet and hands, as if he took off his boots and his gloves.

Then he is a poor, soft, cold thing.

But over all his body is spread a skin, soft as paste, like glue and lime.

In a few days it gets hard.

It is as big as Mr. Crab, and just fits his shape.

It is a good, new shell!

It has the right colors -- blue, brown, red, or gold.

It has spots and rings.

When Mrs. Crab changes her shell, Mr. Crab stays near, and tries to keep her from being hurt.

The young crabs have to change their shells often, they grow so fast.

Crabs that live in dark mud have dark brown and green shells.

Some crabs have sand-colored shells -- pale gray or brown shells, with close, fine specks like sand on them.

There are more kinds of crabs than you could count.

They live in all parts of the world.

This book tells you of only a few of them.

33.2.43 Untitled

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

has been

HAB

is not

S-PBLT

that is

THAS

Text

The salt has been all taken away.

Have you seen my ball about the hall?

Boys, fall in line. Let us all step in time. Right, left; right, left. That is not bad. Now try it over. Right, left; right, left. Now it is time to call a halt.

33.2.44 Untitled

Selected Words

how fast

HOUFZ

they can

THEBG

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

this is

TH-S

to me

TPHE

Text

This hen has ten chicks. How fast they can run!

Can these little chicks fly?

No, they cannot fly.

We will feed them. See them eat. This is my hen. My sister gave her to me.

33.2.45 Untitled

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

at the

TE

did not

TKEUPBLT

in a

TPHA*EU

of the

-FT

Sadie

SAEUD KWREU

Text

Cat has the babe in a wagon. She will take it to ride by the lake.

The babe is safe with Kate.

Jane met Kate at the gate. She gave the babe a cake and a bun. The babe ate the bun, but did not eat the cake.

The name of the babe is Sadie.

Sadie is fond of Kate and Jane.

33.2.46 Untitled

Selected Words

from the

TPR-T

he can

K*E

I have

SREU

is the

S-T

that he

THAE

that is

THAS

to find

TOFPBD

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

That is the big red lion; hear him roar. Let us go and hide from the lion, so that he will not bite us.

He will not bite us, for he cannot get near to us, though he can roar.

I had nine pins in my hand, but I have lost five. I must try to find them.

33.2.47 Untitled

Selected Words

do you

TKOU

from a

TPRA*

take the

TAEUBGT

Text

See Ben chop the big log.

These children come from a farm close by to watch him, and take the chips home to start the fire.

"Say, Ben," said one, "do you chop to make chips?"

"O no," said Ben, "I must cut this log in four."

33.2.48 Untitled

Selected Words

and to

TAOPBD

Bep

PW*P *E P*

come in

TKPHOPL

did not

TKEUPBLT

Dot

KPA TKOT

from a

TPRA*

had a

HA

he said

HEBS

I did

TK*EUD

in the

TPH-T

is an

SA*PB

is not

S-PBLT

of a

AEUF

out of

OUFT

she is

SHES

so I

SO*EU

so you

SOU

that I

THAEU

this is

TH-S

to me

TPHE

when I

WHEU

will you

HRU

Text

"Come in with me, my boy," said old Rob, when I met him today near his hut. So I went in. When we got in, he told me to sit upon a bit of log, that had a rug upon it, and to put my hat upon a cot or bed nearby. "This is my dog, Bep," said he. "He is not a bad dog, so you may pat him." But the dog was big and fat, so that I did not get him to play with me. "This is Dot, my cat," said Rob. The cat sat upon a mat near him. "She is an old pet," said he, "and yet a good cat to get rats." He then got some tea out of a pot. "Will you have some tea?" said the old man. The tea was good, but hot. He then cut a bit of bun for me, and put some nuts into my hand. He said he got the nuts from a tree in the lot near the hut. How good to me the old man was!

33.2.49 Untitled

Selected Words

in the

TPH-T

Text

The dog's food is in the coop.

The baby's milk will soon be cool.

That poor man has an old broom. He will clean the path for us for a dime.

33.2.50 Untitled

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

full of

TPUFL

has to

THAOS

he has

HEZ

I will

KWREUL

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

off and

SKPOF

she can

SHEBG

sums

SUPLZ

that he

THAE

Text

Tom has a hard sum to do, and May has to hem the rim of her hat. But Tim will play all day with his new, red top, he is so fond of it. He has got it to go so well that it hums. Tom says the hum of the top will vex him, if he has to do sums. But Tim is so full of fun, that he cannot rest. May says, she can hem when Tim's top hums, but begs of him to run off and not vex Tom. Tim says, he will do ten sums for Tom, if Tom will let him. Poor Tim! He cannot do sums yet, they are too hard for him. Tom says, he will give Tim some nuts if he will run off, and May says, "Do run off, Tim, and I will give you a bun with some jam on it." May goes out with Tim, and gets the bun and jam for him, and some ham too, and then Tim gets the nuts from Tom.

33.2.51 Untitled

Selected Words

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

You cannot catch a bird, Tom.

A bird will not let you. It will fly.

Let me catch you, birdie.

Will you?

33.2.52 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

Ada

A TKA

but it

TPWUT

if you

TPU

is a

SA*EU

is by

SPWEU

is not

S-PBLT

it can

T-BG

one is

SW*UPB

one of

WUFPB

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

when I

WHEU

Text

Ada has two dolls. One of them is a big doll. One is a little doll. She holds the little doll in her arms.

The big doll is by her side.

Can the dog walk?

No, it cannot walk; but it can sit up and lie down.

Can it talk?

No; but if you pinch the doll it will cry -- Mamma!

Does it hurt the doll when I pinch it?

No; the doll does not feel as we do. It is not alive.

But Ada talks to it just as she does to the baby.

33.2.53 Untitled

Selected Words

cheep

KHAO*EP

from your

TPRUR

has been

HAB

then the

THEPBT

Text

The old hen has been on her nest two weeks. It will take one more to hatch the eggs. Then the little chickens will come to life.

Peep, peep! Cheep, cheep! Come from your shells, little chicks.

33.2.54 Untitled

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

and I can

SKPEUBG

as big as

SPWEUGS

he can

K*E

I am

KWRAEUPL

I can

AOEUBG

is not

S-PBLT

take the

TAEUBGT

to the

TOT

too far

TAOFR

Text

Fred and I can take the skates and go to the creek.

The skates are mine, but I like to slide. Fred can skate this time.

I shall take a good run and slide across the creek.

Fred thinks he can skate a mile, but he must not go too far from me.

I take good care of Fred. He is not as big as I am.

33.2.55 Baa! Baa! White Sheep

Selected Words

!

SKHRAPL

baa

B* A* A*

clothing

KHRO*ET -G

made

PHAED

may be

PHA*EUB

off the

OFT

they say

THEBZ

we have

SWRAOE

Text

We have many sheeps on our farm. They eat grass all day. They say, "Baa! Baa!"

Sheep gives us wool for our clothing. It may be that your winter coat or dress is made from wool.

Each spring the wool is cut off the sheep's back. Father gets a man to help him with this work.

33.2.56 More about Mr. Crab

Selected Words

are a

RA*

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

has been

HAB

he can

K*E

he knows

H*EPBS

hold up

HOUP

I could

EUBGD

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in each

TPHAOEFP

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

so long

SHROPBG

to the

TOT

would not

WOPBLT

you do

TKO*U

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

I could, for a year, tell you queer things about Mr. Crab.

Where are your bones?

They are inside your body.

Your bones are a frame to hold up your soft flesh.

Mr. Crab's bones are on the outside of his body.

His bones are his armor, to keep him from being hurt.

The crab can live and breathe either in water or on land.

You can live only on land.

He can both walk and swim.

Mrs. Crab lays eggs.

A hen, you know, lays eggs, one by one, in a nest.

She keeps them warm till the chicks come out.

The crab's eggs are put in a long tube or sack.

Mrs. Crab does not leave them in a nest.

She carries them tied on her legs, or under her body.

When the small crabs come out of the eggs, they grow very fast.

When you catch a crab by his arm or leg, if you do not let go, he drops off this arm or leg, and runs.

He will first pinch you, if he can, with his big claw.

Could you run with one leg gone?

The crab has legs to spare.

Then, too, his legs will grow again.

Yours would not.

A crab's leg, or hand, will grow again very soon, when one has been lost.

But if his eye-peg is cut off, it takes a whole year for a new eye to grow.

I think he knows that; he is very careful of his eyes.

The eye-pegs of one kind of crab are very long.

He has a wide, flat shell.

This is a notch in each side of his shell.

He can let his eyes lie in that notch.

How can he do that? His eye-pegs are so long he can bend them down flat to the shell and keep them safe in the notch.

33.2.57 Untitled

Selected Words

and is

SKP-S

I will

KWREUL

if the

TP-T

is a

SA*EU

it has

T-Z

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

to the

TOT

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

May we take a sail on the bay? No, for I fear it will rain very soon. You may take a pail and go to the end of the lane and get some bait for us to fish with. Fish bite best on a rainy day.

This fish is a shad. It has fins, and is very bony. Shad live near the big, wide sea.

Do you know if the mail has come today? No, but I will hail the postman and ask him if it has come.

Try and hit that nail on its head.

33.2.58 Earth Bees

Selected Words

an ant

APB APBT

and a

SKPA

as the

SAZ

by it

TPWEU

did you

TKU

full of

TPUFL

in a

TPHA*EU

in each

TPHAOEFP

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is it

ST

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

made of

PHAEFD

of a

AEUF

off and

SKPOF

so much

SOFP

which the

KH-T

you ever

UFR

Text

Do all bees build in hives? No. Wild bees like to build in hollow trees.

In hot lands, some bees build in holes in the rock. Swarms of bees that leave hives find odd places to live in. I knew of a swarm that found a hole in the roof of a house.

The bees got into the roof and lived there five years. When a man took them out, they had two big tubs full of comb. Is it not odd that bees can make so much wax from their small wax-bags?

did you ever find in the earth the nest of a humble-bee? The humble-bee queen works. Humble-bees dig holes in the earth with their front feet.

When they have made a hall and a room, they makes a nest. It is of grass, or leaves, or hay, cut fine.

They makes honey in large combs. The combs are more soft and dark than those which the hive bee makes. Field mice and moles eat these bees and their combs.

One little bee, that lives alone, saws out a nest in a post or tree. She makes one room over the other. In each she puts an egg and food.

She seals the door up with a paste made of sawdust. Then she goes off and dice. The next spring out come the new bees.

They know how to get food and make homes, just as the mother did. One kind of bee makes a house much like an ant-hill. She makes a long hall.

From the hall she opens small rooms. In each room she puts food, in a ball like a pea. Then she lays an egg by it, and leaves the small bee to grow up alone.

33.2.59 Untitled

Selected Words

can I

KEU

have a

SRA

how can

HOUBG

how many

HOUPL

how much

HOUFP

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

of a

AEUF

then the

THEPBT

there are

THR-R

to the

TOT

what is

SWHA*

will be

HR-B

you say

UBZ

Text

Wash your face clean, and then we will have a race to the schoolhouse.

Let us find a good place to study and do some sums. How much will a brace of ducks cost, at ten cents for one duck?

What is a brace? A brace means two. Then the price will be twenty cents.

Grace, tell the price of a piece of lace at six cents a yard. How can I tell, unless you say how many yards there are? There are five yards. What is the cost?

33.2.60 How the Bee is Made

Selected Words

and she

SKPHE

are the

R-T

as a

SA*Z

as the

SAZ

but it

TPWUT

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is done

STKOPB

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

it has

T-Z

made of

PHAEFD

more than

PH-RPB

of the

-FT

she can

SHEBG

she is

SHES

so many

SOEPL

so much

SOFP

that is

THAS

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

you can

UBG

Text

There are many kinds of bees. The chief of them all is the hive bee. What does the hive bee make for you to eat?

In each hive there are three kinds of bees. The queen bee is the first. She rules all, and she is the mother of all.

The queen bee does no work. She lays eggs in the cells. The father bee is called the drone. He does no work.

Who, then, builds so many fine cells? Who lays up so much honey? Who feeds the baby bees?

The small, quiet, brown work bees do all that.

In each hive there is one queen bee to lay eggs.

And there are the drone bees, who hum and walk about. And there are more than you can count, of work bees, to do all that is done.

How does a bee grow?

Like the wasp, the bee is first an egg. Then it is a grub, or a worm. Then, shut in a cell, it gets legs and wings, and turns into a full grown bee.

The bee is formed of three parts, as a wasp is; but the body is not so slim. The parts are put close to each other. The bee has six legs, and four wings, and many eyes set close like one.

The bee has many hairs on its legs and body. These fine hairs are its velvet coat.

Part of the bee's mouth is a long tongue.

It can roll this up: it uses it to get honey from flowers.

The body of the bee is made of rings. The drone bee has a thick body, a round head, and no sting.

The queen bee has a long, slim body. Her wings are small. She can sting: so can the work bee.

The work bee is not so large as the other two, but it has large wing. The work bee must fly far for food or wax. The queen bee stays at home.

33.2.61 The Bee War

Selected Words

all the

AULT

at an

TA*PB

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

do is

STKO

do not

TKPHOT

do the

TKO*T

from the

TPR-T

in a

TPHA*EU

into the

TPHAOT

is the

S-T

is to

STO

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

one of

WUFPB

she is

SHES

the two

TWOT

to the

TOT

until the

TPH-LT

when the

WHEPBT

where the

W-RT

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

After the old queen goes out in a rage, what do the rest of the bees do? They all keep still, but they look to the cells where the new queens sing. Then one new queen breaks off the lid of her cell and comes out.

She lifts her head, spreads her wing, dries her legs. Her legs are like gold. Her dress is velvet and gold.

She is fine! The bees fan her and feed her. But just then a cell nearby opens, and out comes one more new queen!

This will not do. Two queens do not live in one hive. When the two queens see each other, they rush together and begin to fight.

If they stop the fight to rest, the work bees make them keep on. At last one of them stings the other near the wing, and kills her.

Then this strong queen runs to the other cells, where the baby queens lie. She tears off the wax lids and stings each new queen bee. Then it dies.

Now the strong queen is the one true queen of the hive. Her rage is at an end. The bees come to her and touch her.

They are proud of their fine, new queen, and love her. They carry out all the dead bees from the hive, and in great joy build new cells. The queen bee leaves the hive but twice.

After few weeks after she is made queen, the work bees let her go out once into the sun and air. But her wings are very small. She cannot fly far.

She has no bag for dust. She does not need to get honey. Awe she Ned do is to come home and lay eggs.

She does not go out again until the next year. Then she leads off a swarm of old bees, and leaves the hive to the next new queen bee.

33.2.62 Untitled

Selected Words

on this

THOPB

what is

SWHA*

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

What is on this nest?

A little black bird sits on her nest.

Now, papa, see that, nest with three eggs in it.

See them, papa; white eggs!

I will not get them.

33.2.63 The Milkman

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

bring

PWREU

do you

TKOU

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

how do

TKHOU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

there were

THR-RP

you know

KWRAOUPB

you think

UPBG

Text

A nice old man brings milk to our house. He comes in a blue car.

Some mornings our milkman lets me ride in the car with him. I like to do that! Then I run and put the milk at every house for him.

As we ride around, he tells me about the days when there were no cars. How do you think he took the milk then? Do you know?

33.2.64 Untitled

Selected Words

I think

KWREUBG

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

John is on a big horse. I think John will not ride far today.

33.2.65 Untitled

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

did not

TKEUPBLT

did you

TKU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

out to

TPOUT

that the

THAT

walk in

TPWHAUBG

went into

TPWHAOEPBT

Text

John and I got up at six.

Was the sunup at six?

Yes, the sun was up before six today.

When we saw that the sun was up, we did not lie in bed.

We got up, too, and went out to walk.

Where did you and John go for a walk?

We went into the field.

I like to walk in the fields before it is hot.

33.2.66 Untitled

Selected Words

could not

KOPBLT

I could

EUBGD

is a

SA*EU

Text

Tom has a mule, his name is Ned.

Ned is lame and cannot go fast.

"Here is a stick," said Ben, "hit him and make him go."

"No indeed," said Tom," I could not strike my poor lame Ned."

33.2.67 Untitled

Selected Words

am not

PH-PBLT

and I

SKPEU

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

fun to

TPOUPB

have a

SRA

I am

KWRAEUPL

I can

AOEUBG

I have

SREU

if I

TPEU

if the

TP-T

so I

SO*EU

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

Vix

SR*P *EU KP*

what a

WHA*

will be

HR-B

with the

W-T

Text

I am Vix, a pet fox, and I have a box with a rug in it to sit upon. I am not so big as that ox, but then he cannot run so well as I.

I see a man and his six dogs. They will come this way, so I am off to my box. It will tax the ox to get hid from the man and his dogs. But I can sit in my box, so that they cannot see me, but yet I can see them.

It will vex the man if the dogs do not get me; but, if I am hid in my box, they cannot. It is well for me that they cannot see me, for they are bad dogs, and they run well.

It is fun to vex the man with the gun and dogs, but what a fix the ox will be in, when they come up!

33.2.68 Untitled

Selected Words

can you

KU

did I

TKEU

do you

TKOU

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

how do

TKHOU

how many

HOUPL

how was

HOUFS

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

know about

TPHOEBT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

that you

THAU

what can

WHA*BG

what else

WHAELS

what is

SWHA*

where are

WR-R

will you

HRU

you know

KWRAOUPB

you say

UBZ

Text

Where, and how, does Mr. Crab make his house? Where are Mr. Crab's bones?

Where are yours? Will you tell me how Mr. Crab gets on his new coat?

Tell me some of the kinds of crabs that you know of. What do crabs eat?

Why does one kind of crab steal a shell? Tell me about a crab's eyes.

How is the crab made, which likes to swim on the deep sea? What is a sea tide?

How many tides are there each day? How do little crabs grow?

Where do crabs hide, when they are afraid? What animals catch and eat crabs?

Of what use are crabs? Did I tell you that some crabs eat seaweed?

What is a wasp? How many legs and wings has Mrs. Wasp?

How is her body made? Why do her two wings on each side seem one?

Tell me what kind of houses wasps build. What can wasps make?

How do baby wasps grow? Tell me how wasps make paper.

What else do you know about crabs and wasps? What can you say about a wasp's sting?

How does the wasp eat?

33.2.69 Untitled

Selected Words

as it

TAZ

but it

TPWUT

did not

TKEUPBLT

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

Text

See the little fly on the wall. Look! It is in the web. The old fly told it not to go by the web, but the poor little fly did not do as it was told. It will try hard, but it cannot get out of the web.

Will the old fly scold or will she help the poor little fly!

33.2.70 Untitled

Selected Words

and will

SKP-L

is a

SA*EU

on the

OPBT

out and

SKPOUT

that is

THAS

too far

TAOFR

Text

Will and Ned like to wade on the lake shore. Sometimes the waves are big and wash over them, but they think that is fun.

Will is seven and Ned is five.

They have lived by the lake all their lives, and love the water.

Will is a brave lad. One day Nell went in too far, and Will swam out and saved her.

33.2.71 The Wise Bees

Selected Words

all the

AULT

as soon as

S-PBS

come in

TKPHOPL

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

if a

TPA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is to

STO

it a

TA*EU

of the

-FT

out and

SKPOUT

over it

TOEFR

so the

SOT

that is

THAS

they can

THEBG

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

they do

TKHOE

to the

TOT

when it

TWHEPB

when the

WHEPBT

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

In the beehive all is not peace and joy. Foes come in and try to kill the poor bees. Who are these foes?

A caterpillar may come into the hive to live. The bees do not like him. He is not clean; he is in their way.

Slugs also come in. Snails and moths also come to steal the honey. When the foe is a small fly or slug, the bees kill it and take it out.

But a large worm or slug they cannot take out. What do they do then? They kill it, if they can, with their stings.

Then they build over it a tomb, or grave, of wax and gum. That is to keep the bad smell of the bug from the cells. If a snail comes in, they take this same strong gum and glue him to the floor.

Then he must die in his shell. If a strange queen flies in, they will not sting her.

But she must not stay. So the work bees form a ball about her, until she dies for lack of air.

I have told you how wasps kill bees. Birds eat bees.

Some birds break into the hive to get honey. Bears like honey. They break up wild bees' nests.

Hence and toads eat bees. Moths make the worst trouble in beehives.

In June or July, the work bees kill all the drones.

They do not wish to feed them when it is cold.

Bees lay up honey to eat when the flowers are dead and gone.

In the winter, bees sleep most of the time. They need some food to eat when they rouse. As soon as spring comes, they come out and go to work.

33.2.72 Untitled

Selected Words

for the

TP-RT

got a

TKPWAOEUT

in the

TPH-T

of it

T-F

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

Text

Ben cut a gash in my cap. I wish Meg would mend it.

Rob got a lash on his shin. Hush! Let us not tell the lads of it.

Let us push my wagon up to the shed, and hunt for the shovel and put a bushel of dry sand in the wagon.

33.2.73 A Look at Mrs. Wasp

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

are the

R-T

at a

T*A

but it

TPWUT

from a

TPRA*

have a

SRA

if the

TP-T

if you

TPU

is a

SA*EU

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is the

S-T

made of

PHAEFD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one is the

SWUPBT

part of the

PAFRT

she has

SHEZ

them to

THOEUPL

there are

THR-R

to the

TOT

with the

W-T

Text

Mrs. Wasp's color is blue-black. She has yellow marks.

She has four thin wings. Two are large and two are small.

The front wings are the large ones. Her wings lie close to her sides when her body is at rest.

The wasp looks as if she had two wings, not four.

The two under ones are hooked to the upper ones.

Had he eyes are set close to her head. They are large.

They have a notch or dent in them. She has two long wands, called feelers, on her head.

They are made in joints. She touches things with them.

Her body is in three parts. The first part is the head, with the eyes and mouth.

The next part is thick and short. The hind part is long and slim.

These two join at a point. It looks as if the hind part might drop off, but it never does.

Mrs. Wasp has a long, sharp sting in her tail. The wasp's sting is like two fine saws.

A drop of poison runs through it from a bag.

You need not fear Mrs. Wasp. She does not sting if you let her alone.

She has six legs. The legs and wings are set on the part of the bodies that next the head.

She uses her front legs for hands. The body of the wasp is hard, and made of rings like scales.

Mrs. Wasp uses her jaws to cut up wood for paper. She does not need them to eat with.

She eats honey. When her baby eats spiders and caterpillars, it does not chew them.

It sucks out their juice.

Wasps bite fruit and spoil it. There are cross, and fight.

They kill bees for their honey.

All wasps are not of the same color.

The wasp that leaves her baby alone is the hermit wasp.

There is a wasp of a rust-red color.

33.2.74 Untitled

Selected Words

as a

SA*Z

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

do you

TKOU

from a

TPRA*

goes into

TKPWHAOS

I could

EUBGD

into the

TPHAOT

it a

TA*EU

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

Why do you run from a frog Tommy? He will not hurt you.

Is it a frog, Ned?

Yes; see him hop.

Do not be afraid, little frog. We will not hurt you.

There he goes into the water.

I wish I could swim as well as a frog can.

33.2.75 Untitled

Selected Words

every day

*EFRD

how the

HOUT

I know

KWR-PB

in the

TPH-T

you are

R*U

you can

UBG

Text

How the ducks like to splash in the pond. Quack! Quack! You can hear them all day long.

One day Queenie threw a crust of bread to them. They snapped at it as if they had never been fed; yet I know that Farmer Quinn feeds them corn every day.

Quack! Quack! Quack! You are queer greedy little ducks.

33.2.76 Untitled

Selected Words

from the

TPR-T

glad to

TKPWHRAOD

he were

ERP

listen to

THROEUFPB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

to be

TOB

Text

Spring brings Robin back from the South. Listen to his sweet song as he swings on the branch of the old apple tree. He sings as if he were glad to be with us again.

Cheer up! Cheer up!

Winter is gone! Spring is here.

Cheer up! Cheer up!

33.2.77 Untitled

Selected Words

all the

AULT

chicken

KH*EUPB

doing the

TKAOGT

I see

STPHAOE

I think

KWREUBG

run to

TOURPB

that be

THAB

Text

Chick! Chick! Chick!

Nellie calls the hens and chickens. Let me count the chicks.

One, two, three, four, five. Yes, I see five chickens.

What nice chicks they are!

The old hen thinks so too.

When Nellie calls out, Chick! Chick! Chick! All the hens and chickens run to her.

She has some crumbs for them.

The little chickens are doing their best to get some but I think that big hen will get the most.

33.2.78 Untitled

Selected Words

and over

SKPOFR

Bose

PW*P O* S* E*

could not

KOPBLT

is a

SA*EU

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

out to

TPOUT

when the

WHEPBT

Text

See Tom in his cart. He calls Bose his horse. Bose trots along and draws the cart with Tom in it.

Tom felt proud when the other boys saw him out to ride.

But soon Bose saw a cat. Then Tom could not hold him.

He ran out of the road, and over went the cart.

The boys laughed, and Tom laughed, too.

"Ah, boys," said Tom, "Bose will do for a horse till he sees a cat. Then he is a dog."

33.2.79 Untitled

Selected Words

am not

PH-PBLT

can you

KU

I am

KWRAEUPL

I can

AOEUBG

in the

TPH-T

of the

-FT

Text

Let us sail in the boat. I am not afraid of the water. I can swim. Can you swim?

33.2.80 Untitled

Selected Words

at a

T*A

at the

TE

can you

KU

for the

TP-RT

I can

AOEUBG

I have

SREU

I think

KWREUBG

I will

KWREUL

thank you

THA*UPBG

thank you

THAUPBG

that is

THAS

Text

Mommy, can you wink your right eye?

Yes, I think I can. Oh, but that is your left eye; try to wink the right. I can wink both eyes; one at a time.

I think it will soon be dinner time, Willie; please ring the bell for the man at the tank to come and get ready, and then hold this hank of thread for me to wind. I have made a cherry pie for you.

Oh, thank you, Mommy; after dinner I will fill your ink stand; it is nearly dry. I will wash it clean at the sink.

33.2.81 Untitled

Selected Words

are you

RU

going to

TKPW*GS

have a

SRA

have to

STRO

I am

KWRAEUPL

I can

AOEUBG

learn to

THROERPB

to have

TOF

where are

WR-R

you could

UBGD

Text

There goes a frog. See him hop away. Where are you going, Mr. Frog? I am going to have a swim. Don't you wish you could swim so well as I can? You have to learn to swim.

33.2.82 The Bee’s Work

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and all

SKPAUL

and to

TAOPBD

are also

R-LS

as the

SAZ

at once

TWUPBS

do the

TKO*T

full of

TPUFL

goes to

TKPWOS

how the

HOUT

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is to

STO

it has

T-Z

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

line the

HRAOEUPBT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

out of

OUFT

put it

TPUT

things that

THAEUPBGS

what can

WHA*BG

when it

TWHEPB

will be

HR-B

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

You know how the new queen bee is made and how she lives. Now let us see how the work bee gets on. The work bee in its small cell does not grow so large as the queen bee.

But it has larger wings. When it is a true bee, it pulse or breaks off the cap of its cell and comes out. It is wet and cold and weak.

But nearby is a cell, open, and full of honey. The newbie takes a nice meal. Then it goes out of the hive into the sun.

The other bees come to it, and touch it with their feelers. They lick it with their tongues, to smooth its brown coat, and help it to spread its wings.

Then off it goes to get honey and flower dust. It knows how at once. It does not need to learn.

It finds its way. It knows the right flowers. It tries to keep out of the way of things that will hurt it.

What color do the bees like best? They like blue best, and red and purple next best. They like flowers of a sweet smell, and all the flowers that have honey.

They bring home dust of flowers, hundred, and a kind of gum. The gum is to line the cells and to help make them strong.

If a queen bee dies, and all the baby Queens are also dead, what can the bees do?

They take a baby work bee and make a queen. Can they not live if they have no queen? No, not long, there will be no eggs laid.

How do they make a queen of a work bee? They pick out a good grub. They put it into a round queen cell.

They feed the work grub the queen food, or "royal jelly." When it grows up, it is not a work bee, but is a queen.

33.2.83 Other Bees

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and an

SKPAPB

and I

SKPEU

and more

SKPHOR

did not

TKEUPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

Fourth of July

from a

TPRA*

full of

TPUFL

I am

KWRAEUPL

I did

TK*EUD

I had

H*EU

I was

EUFS

in an

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is also

SHR-S

is the

S-T

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

may be

PHA*EUB

more than

PH-RPB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

she has

SHEZ

they do

TKHOE

this be

TH-B

when she

SWHE

with the

W-T

would you

WOU

Text

One bee is called a mason bee. She takes fine mud or clay, to make a cell. The cell is the shape of an urn. Now and then, she builds this urn in an empty snail shell.

One kind of the mason bees is of a dark green color. Mason bees are very small. Some mason bees live in holes in the ground. In the hole they make a clay cell like a box.

But they are so neat that they do not like to see a mud wall. What does the bee do to her wall? She cuts out bits of nice, soft leaves, and lines her cell! Some bees take bits of green leaves, as of the plum tree.

But they like bright color best. One kind of bee lines her cell with the petals of roses. When she has glued them all over the cell, she then puts into it some food and an egg.

Do you not think the newbie will like its gay, pink cell? One kind of bee likes red poppy leaves best. She cuts the bits of leave quite small.

There is a bee in Brazil, which makes a large nest, like a great bag. It is full of round balls. The balls are full of honey. The wax and honey of this bee are of a dark color.

One kind of bee has no sting. Would you like that bee best?

The tree bee is also called the wild bee. This bee takes an old tree with a hollow trunk. It cleans out more and more of the old, deadwood, and builds nice combs.

A tall tree may be full of combs, from root to top. In such a tree, more than one swarm will live and work. Each swarm has its queen, and keeps in its own place.

Smoke makes bees fall, as if dead. People drive bees off with the smoke from a fire of wood or paper.

When I was a little girl, our bees sometimes swarmed on the fourth of July. I had to stay home and watch them, and I am sure I did not like that.

33.2.84 The Spider at Home

Selected Words

all the

AULT

as fast as

STPAFTS

as the

SAZ

but it

TPWUT

do you

TKOU

do you see

TOUZ

he can

K*E

hold up

HOUP

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is done

STKOPB

is not

S-PBLT

is to

STO

made of

PHAEFD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

they can

THEBG

to find

TOFPBD

until the

TPH-LT

when it

TWHEPB

will not

HR-PBLT

you break it

U TPWRAEBG

Text

The spider, like the wasp, is busy all the time. It is not cross like a wasp. The bite of a spider does not do a man or a child much harm. A spider does not bite unless it is hurt, or when it kills its food. The bite is to kill flies, bees, wasps, ants, and such things, to eat.

Spiders make webs, nets, and snares. They can spin, weave, dig, hunt. Some can build rafts, and others make mud houses.

Their webs are to live or lie in.

The nests are for baby spiders. The snares are to catch food. The silk of the web is very fine, but it is very strong. It will hold up a big, fat spider.

It will hold fast a wasp or a bee. Do you see the spider on his thread? It is his swing. He can swing as the boy does in his rope swing.

Do you see the spider lie at rest in his web? Do you see the child rest in a web made of string.

How does the spider make his web?

First he find a good place. He presses the end of the tube he spins with, and makes a drop of glue fast to a wall, or leave, or stem. Then he drops away; and as he goes, the glue spins out in many fine streams, which unite into one, and turn to silk-like thread. If he does not find a good place to make his web fast, he can climb back!

How can he climb back? He runs up his line as fast as he came down. If you scare him, he drops down on his line like a flash. It will not break.

If you break it, he wind up the end quickly. Then he runs off to find a new place to which to make it fast.

The long lines in the web are called rays. The spider spins the rays first. The rays are spread out like the spokes of a wheel.

Webs are of many shapes. You often see the round web.

The spider guides the lines with his feet as he spins. He pulls each one to see if it is firm.

Then he spins a thread, round and round, from ray to ray, until the web is done.

33.2.85 Our Big Barn

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

close "

KR-GS

he said

HEBS

I go

TKPWEU

in the

TPH-T

Molly

PHOL HREU

open "

KW-GS

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

Text

Jack and I go to the barn with Father. He feeds the cows and horses in the barn. I help to feed my pet cow.

Once when we went to the barn, old Molly put her nose against my face. Jack laughed. He said, "That horse likes you."

33.2.86 The Hermit Crab

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

and I

SKPEU

as you

AUZ

could find

KOUFPBD

could not

KOPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

down the

TKOUPBT

from the

TPR-T

he could

HEBGD

he has

HEZ

he knows

H*EPBS

he wants

HEPTS

in a

TPHA*EU

in front

STPROPBT

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is about

SPW

it was

T-FS

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

may be

PHA*EUB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

she has

SHEZ

so often

SOEFPB

some of

SPHOF

that he

THAE

the two

TWOT

there was

THR-FS

to feel

TOFL

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

up and

SKPUP

when it

TWHEPB

which the

KH-T

you would

ULD

Text

Do you wish to hear more about the crab that steals his house?

Why does he do that?

His back is long and soft, and has no hard shell.

If he could find no hard cover, he could not live.

All the other crabs would bite or pinch him.

So would many fish.

He is called the Hermit Crab.

As the Hermit Crab gross too big for one shell, he finds another.

He never stays outside of his shell until he knows that he is about to die.

How does he know that?

I cannot tell.

But he comes out, lies flat down by his house, and dies.

He wants his house to live in, not to die in.

When he needs to change his shell-house, he hunts for one to suit him.

Then he puts in his long claw, to feel if it is clean and empty.

Now and then he finds another crab in it.

Then the two fight for it.

If some small thing lives in the shell which the hermit wants, he pulse it out with his long claw.

Then he brings the new shell near, and springs from the shell he is in to the shell he wants, as you would spring from chair to chair.

On the end of his long, soft tail he has a hook.

He twists his soft body into the new shell.

Then he clasps his tail-hook to a small, round post in the top of the curl of the shell.

That holds him fast.

His horny legs hang out in front.

He can run and carry the shell.

He can draw back into the shell and hide.

There is a small, pink, sea-animal, like a flower, that one kind of crab likes.

He wants it to grow on his shell.

It may be that it helps him to catch food.

Or, it may be that he likes it to hide the door of his shell.

This pink sea-creature can build more shell on the edge of the one the crab lives in.

This makes the shell larger.

Then the crab need not move so often.

When he moves, he takes his friend with him.

He puts out his claw and lifts her off his old shell and sets her on the edge of the new one.

Then he holds her there until she has made herself fast.

Then he slips in, tail first.

The fine red, pink, and white frills of the friend hang like a veil over his door.

They keep fish and other foes away.

For this pink thing can sting.

Once I found a nice shell.

I thought it was empty, and I kept it for eight or ten days in a box. Then I laid it on a shelf.

One day I heard, clack! Clack! Crack!

And there was my shell running up and down the shelf.

In the South Seas some of these crabs do not live in sea shells.

They live in coconut shells. They eat the meat of the nuts. When it is all eaten they seek for another shell.

Each night these crabs crawl into the water to get wet. They leave their eggs in the water to hatch.

33.2.87 Sea Babies

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

as a

SA*Z

as small as

SPHAULS

at the

TE

full of

TPUFL

he said

HEBS

I said

EUBS

I was

EUFS

in front

STPROPBT

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

it was

T-FS

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

lima bean

HRAOEU PHA PWAOEPB

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

one is

SW*UPB

the two

TWOT

they were

THERP

this is

TH-S

to be

TOB

where the

W-RT

Text

Now we must learn more about that string of eggs that Mrs. Conch left on the sand. First it was like a thread with knots tied close together on it. Then it grew to be a yard long. It grew very fast.

The knots grew into little cases, or pockets. They were set close to each other. At the two ends of the string the cases were small, but after three or four small ones, the others were of the size and shape of big Lima beans.

Once I was out on the sand with a boy.

We found a string of this kind. It had been cast up by the waves. It was of a pale straw-color, and like a long curl.

The boy said, "It is a seaweed."

I said, "No." Then he said, "It is some kind of a bean or seed." I said, "It is fish seed." Let us look at it.

Each case, or pocket, is flat, and has a rim. The rim has lines in it. In the front edge is a small, round spot, where the case is very thin. This is the door of the case.

The sides of the case are very tough. Let us cut one case open. It is full of white gum, or jelly.

I see in it specks like grains of sand. Here is one more string, far up on the sand. This one is dry, hard, and light. The little thin places are real holes now.

The cases are quite empty. Here is one more string. This, too, is light and dry. But the holes in front are not open.

Shake it. Does it rattle? Yes. Cut a case open.

Why! Each case is full of wee shells! Each shell is as small as a grain of rice! See how thin and white these shells are.

33.2.88 Untitled

Selected Words

as fast as

STPAFTS

Carlo

KAR HROE

go into

TKPWHAO

he could

HEBGD

I think

KWREUBG

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

learn to

THROERPB

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

thank you

THA*UPBG

thank you

THAUPBG

the two

TWOT

what a

WHA*

with the

W-T

Text

Fred has a new drum. His father got it in a toy shop.

Fred was glad when his father gave it to him.

He said, "Thank you, papa, for this nice drum. I like my drum better than my ball or my top. Hear me play on it."

How did Fred play on his drum?

He beat it as fast as he could with the two drum sticks.

Fred's mother said, "Oh what a noise you make! You may go into the yard and beat it."

All the boys like Fred's drum.

They come and play with him in the yard, and march while he beats his drum.

His father says he must learn to play a tune.

His mother says she does not like that kind of music.

But I think Carlo likes it. He barks, and jumps about, when he hears Fred play. Look at him in the picture.

33.2.89 Untitled

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

he can

K*E

I think

KWREUBG

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is going

STKPW-G

mew

PHAOU

mew

PHAO*U

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

Text

Jeff Brown is going out of the house for a can of oil and a bag of flour. He must not pout, nor should he shout very loud in the street, or stop to play.

Jeff stops; he sees something on the ground; it is round and red; it is a cent. How glad he is; now he can buy an apple to give to his little sister Dot.

Listen to Dot's cat. Does it say, " Mew, mew"? I think it says, "Meow, meow."

33.2.90 About Mr. Drill

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

and he

SKPE

as hard as

SHA*RDZ

as the

SAZ

could not

KOPBLT

did not

TKEUPBLT

goes to

TKPWOS

he can

K*E

in a

TPHA*EU

in each

TPHAOEFP

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is not

S-PBLT

is this

STH

it has

T-Z

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

that he

THAE

that you

THAU

that you were

THAURP

there are

THR-R

thing is

TH*EUPBGS

through the

THRUT

we could

WEBGD

which is

WEUS

you ever

UFR

you were

URP

Text

Here is a small shellfish. He looks like Mr. Conch, but isn't so large. He is quite small. His real size in the sea isn't much larger than he is in this picture. His name is Mr. Drill.

His color is dark brown. His shell has ridges on it. The body of the drill is dark green. It has a long tail to twist round in its shell.

The drill does not live alone in a place by himself. A whole host of them live near one another.

The very strangest thing about the drill is his tongue. It is from his tongue that he gets his name.

Did you ever see a man use a file? With it he can cut a hole in a piece of iron or stone. The tongue of the drill is like a file. How is this tongue made?

It is a little soft band that will move in any way, or roll up, or push out. In this fine band are set three rows of teeth. There are many teeth in each row. The teeth are fine and as hard as the point of a pin. We could not see them if we did not use the glass that you were told of.

With this fine tongue the drill can cut or saw a hole in a thick shell.

This drill is very greedy. He eats many kinds of shellfish. He likes best of all to eat the oyster.

How does he go to work? He cannot break the shell of the oyster as the conch can. No. The way he does is this.

With his tough foot he gets fast hold of the oyster shell. He picks out the thin, smooth spot called the eye of the shell. Then he goes to to work to file his hole. It will take him a long time.

Some say it will take him two days. But he is not lazy. He keeps fast hold and saws away. At last the hole is made clear through the shell.

It is small, smooth, even; no man could make a neater hole. Then he puts into the hole a long tube which is on the end of his cloak or veil. He can suck with that, and he sucks up the oyster till the poor thing is all gone.

33.2.91 Untitled

Selected Words

at the

TE

do not

TKPHOT

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

to the

TOT

when you

WHU

Text

Tom Green can split a cord of wood.

Dora Brown scrubs the floor with sand.

Do not scratch the slate with a pin.

Scrape your feet when you come indoors.

When spring comes, the seeds sprout.

Then the leaves unfold to the sunshine.

Laugh, if you please, but do not scream.

Notice that script letters all slant.

Do not snap the whip at the dog; it will make him snarl and growl at you.

Cora Wilson slipped in the slush.

33.2.92 Mrs. Wasp’s Year

Selected Words

all the

AULT

bring it

TPWREU

call the

KAULT

changed it

KHAEUPBG T-D

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

get that

TKPWHAET

has to

THAOS

I will

KWREUL

in each

TPHAOEFP

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is to

STO

it has

T-Z

nymph

TPHEUFRP

of a

AEUF

off the

OFT

pupa

--

she is

SHES

shut up

SHUP

that a

THA*

that the

THAT

they do

TKHOE

to be

TOB

when it

TWHEPB

when the

WHEPBT

Text

I will now tell you of a wasp that does not live alone. This Mrs. Wasp takes good care of her babies. She is called the social wasp.

While it is winter Mrs. Wasp hides. She does not like the cold.

Most wasps die in the winter. Only a few live to come out in the spring.

The first thing Mrs. Wasp does in the spring is to build a new house. She does not use an old house.

She puts her eggs into the house, with some food. When the young wasps grow up, and come out, they help build.

More cells are put into the house. An egg is laid in each cell.

The egg gross into a grub. The wasps feed the grub.

They bring it honey. The baby wasp has no wings nor feet.

It has to be shut up, to grow into a true wasp. When the time comes, the wasps put a wax lid upon the cell.

At last the new wasp eats off the lid, and comes out, a full grown wasp. Wasps work hard all the time.

They fly about for food, and for stuff to make paper, wax, and varnish and glue. They have homes to build, and little wasps to rear.

They seem to know they must nearly all die, when frost comes. When the cold begins, the old wasps look into the cells.

They kill all the eggs, grubs, and half-grown wasps that they find there. Why do they do that?

Do they not seem to love the baby wasps? Yes.

They kill them quickly to keep them from dying of hunger and cold. Is not that a queer way to show love?

Some wise people do not feel sure that the wasps kill the little ones in this way.

Do not forget that the wasp does not grow after it gets its wings and leaves its cell. When it comes out it is full grown.

When it is a fat, round, wingless grub it is called a larva. When it has changed its shape, and has wings, it is called a pupa.

Some call the pupa a nymph. Are those very hard words?

33.2.93 The Bee Babies

Selected Words

and is

SKP-S

as it

TAZ

as much

SPHUFP

as much as

SPHUFPS

at one

TWUPB

at the

TE

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

can be

K-B

can you

KU

come out

KPHOUT

for the

TP-RT

I will

KWREUL

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

it up

TUP

more than

PH-RPB

much as

PHUFPS

of the

-FT

one time

WAOEUPL

out of

OUFT

she knows

SH*EPBS

so the

SOT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

stand in

STPHAPBD

then the

THEPBT

there are

THR-R

there can

THR-BG

there is

THR-LGS

they can

THEBG

to be

TOB

to find

TOFPBD

up and

SKPUP

will go

HR*G

will not

HR-PBLT

with our

you ever

UFR

Text

A bee does not live more than three or four years. The work bees nose that some of the grubs must grow to be queens, others to be drones and others work bees. They makes for the baby queen bee a large, round cell.

In each hive there are five or six cells for these baby queens. Then the nurse bees feed the grubs. They give the baby queens all they can eat of very nice food.

The baby work bees get only plain bee-bread. The work babies are in small cells. The grub of the new queen bee grows large, and eats as much as it wants.

The grub of the work bee gets little food, and is then shut in its tight cell, to turn into a bee. After a time the grubs shut in the big cells turn into queen bees. They begin to sing a song.

The queen bee hears it. She knows that more queen bees will come out. That makes her angry.

She runs at the cells, to try to kill the new Queens. The work bees all stand in her way. They will not let her kill the new queens.

But there can be only one queen in a hive at one time. So the old queen says, "Come! I will go away! I will not live here anymore!"

Many of the old bees say, "We will go with our queen." Then they fly out of the hive in a cloud. They wish to find a new home.

Did you ever see bees swarm? They may fly far away, or they may light nearby.

They hang on a vine, or branch, or stick, like a bunch of grapes. Can you put them into a new hive? Yes.

Drop them softly into a new hive where there is a piece of honeycomb. In a few hours they are calm. Then they go to work.

The work bees begin to make cells. They spread wax. They build walls.

If a young bee lays a bit of wax wrong, some old one takes it up and lays it right.

33.2.94 Untitled

Selected Words

flaxen

TPHRA*BGS *EPB

in the

TPH-T

may be

PHA*EUB

she was

SHEFS

to the

TOT

when she

SWHE

Text

Bess has a wax doll with flaxen hair. Her name is Floss.

She has six dolls, and takes good care of them; but one day when she had them with her in the grove, the old cow stepped on Floss.

You may be sure Bess felt sad over her poor broken doll.

Next time she took her children to the grove, she was careful to keep them all in her arms.

33.2.95 Untitled

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

could not

KOPBLT

felt that

TPHAELT

glad to

TKPWHRAOD

had a

HA

have had

SR-D

I have

SREU

it a

TA*EU

it could

T-BGD

so I

SO*EU

to have

TOF

Vera

SRER RA

we felt

WEFLT

Text

I have had a long walk today. Sam Davis found a child that had lost its way. It could not tell where it lived; so Sam brought it to his father's house and gave it a cup of milk and a biscuit.

Then we felt that we must try to get the child home; so I went with Sam to look for its mother.

It was Mr. Smith's little girl, named Vera. Mrs. Smith was very is glad to have Vera back safe and sound. She gave each of us a bunch of roses.

33.2.96 Untitled

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

at the

TE

began to

STKPWAOPB

had a

HA

in a

TPHA*EU

it was

T-FS

put it

TPUT

Text

Tom found a big flat seed. He put it about an inch under the ground. In a week the seed began to sprout, and soon Tom had a small plant. The rain fell and the sun shone, and at last it was a big plant. At the top came a round flat bud. And now Tom has a big sunflower.

33.2.97 Untitled

Selected Words

and he

SKPE

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

Chan

KHAPB

has to

THAOS

he has

HEZ

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

on the

OPBT

that is

THAS

Text

That chap can chop well. The chips fly as he chops. A chip hit me on the chin.

That lad is my chum. His name is Chan. We chat as we go to school together.

Chan is such a kind lad. He has much to do, for his mother is not rich, and he has to work as well as go to school. Chan says it is not money that is the best riches, but wisdom and love. His mother told him that.

33.2.98 Untitled

Selected Words

did not

TKEUPBLT

did you

TKU

glad to

TKPWHRAOD

I am

KWRAEUPL

I did

TK*EUD

is a

SA*EU

is that

STHA

picture of

TP*EUFP

to me

TPHE

what is

SWHA*

Text

I am glad to see you, Nellie. What is that in your hand?

It is a new book. See! Here is a picture of Mary and Fido.

Where did you buy the book?

O, I did not buy it. Mamma gave it to me.

33.2.99 We Have Fun

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

and to

TAOPBD

do you

TKOU

down the

TKOUPBT

fun to

TPOUPB

I have

SREU

in the

TPH-T

is done

STKOPB

it is

T-S

on the

OPBT

summer

SAOURPL

we have

SWRAOE

winter

WEUPB TER

Text

Jack and I have much fun on our farm. After our work is done, we have time to play. In summer it is fun to ride on the back of old Molly. It is fun to hunt eggs in the big red barn and to play in the brook.

In winter we play in the snow. Each of us has a sled. We like to slide down the hill near our house.

What winter fun do you like best?

33.2.100 The Sun

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

could not

KOPBLT

in the

TPH-T

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

no one

TPHOEUPB

there were

THR-RP

to the

TOT

we could

WEBGD

would be

WOB

Text

The great round sun which we see rise in the east every morning is what gives light and heat. If there were no one we could not live. No grass would grow, nor anything else. Every thing would freeze; and then it would be so dark that, if we could live, we could not see at all.

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Point to the east and the west.

33.2.101 Untitled

Selected Words

a lot

HROELT

a lot of

HROEFLT

and a

SKPA

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

had a

HA

haw

HAU

is a

SA*EU

is like

SHRAOEUBG

lot of

HROFT

she is

SHES

with the

W-T

Text

Here is a saw; now we boys can saw sticks in two with it.

Saul went with the wagon to hall some wood. He found a nest full of duck's eggs and a haw tree. He gave three eggs and a lot of haws to Maude.

Maude had a boil on her jaw. It gave her much pain; but she is free from the pain now. Saul was sorry for Maude.

A haw is like a very little red apple.

33.2.102 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and he

SKPE

he has

HEZ

of the

-FT

sort of

SOFRT

with the

W-T

Text

Dora sent Carl a little horn for a present, and he has great sport with it.

Sometimes he makes a fort of the parlor. He has a stick for a horse, and calls his men with the horn. They form in line, and Carl has some sort of drill with them.

Then they march forth as Nora drums on a tin pan. Rub-a-dub, dub! Rub-a-dub, dub!

33.2.103 Untitled

Selected Words

a lot

HROELT

a lot of

HROEFLT

do not

TKPHOT

in a

TPHA*EU

lot of

HROFT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

that is

THAS

this is

TH-S

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

will go

HR*G

Text

May we stay at home today and play?

Yes, we may, for this is Saturday.

Then let us get a lot of clay and make mud pies and bake them in a fire.

No, let us get dog Tray, and away we will go to help the men rake hay.

Yes, we will; that is real fun, and we can ride home on top of the wagon.

May Tray ride on the wagon too?

I do not know, but he will ask to ride, just see his eyes shine as he hears me say he may go with us to the hay-field.

33.2.104 Mr. and Mrs. Crab

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

go into

TKPWHAO

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

is this

STH

Mr. and Mrs.

PHRARPLS

of a

AEUF

on the

OPBT

out and

SKPOUT

picture of

TP*EUFP

she is

SHES

this is

TH-S

when it

TWHEPB

why the

KWR-T

with the

W-T

you could

UBGD

Text

This is a picture of Mr. and Mrs. Crab.

Do you see the round hole?

It is the door of their house.

Mr. Crab lives in the sand by the seaside.

He has a smooth, flat shell on his back.

The crab has eight legs and two hands.

One hand is large; the other hand is small.

He fights with the big hand, and takes his food with the little hand, or with both hands.

Mr. Crab digs out his house in the sand. He makes a place for a hall, a bedroom, and a pantry.

Mrs. Crab does not dig.

Both her hands are small and weak.

She gets food to put into the pantry.

She never fights.

If she is in any trouble she runs home, or to a hole in a rock.

See what queer eyes?

They are set on pegs; some call them stalks.

The crab can push the eye-pegs out and pull them in.

Would you not look odd if you could make your eyes stand out six inches?

When crabs go into their houses, they draw down their eyes and tuck in their feet.

Crabs are of many colors.

They are red, brown, green, yellow, and blue.

The clause are often of a very bright color.

The color on the shell is less bright; it is in small dots.

The color on some kinds of crabs is in lines.

No crab is clear, bright red when it is alive.

When it is boiled it takes a fine, red hue.

Why is this?

We cannot tell why the heat makes it change color.

33.2.105 Untitled

Selected Words

did not

TKEUPBLT

Dora

TKOR KWRA

how the

HOUT

in the

TPH-T

it up

TUP

it was

T-FS

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

put it

TPUT

she was

SHEFS

up to

TOUP

Text

It was a cold day.

Dora's mamma built a fire in the grate.

She said, "Dora, you must not go near the fire."

Dora liked to see the fire burn.

She stood and watched it.

She did not know how the fire could make the black coal grow so bright and red.

While she was looking, a coal dropped out of the grate. It was not so bright and red as some.

Dora ran and picked it up to put it back again.

Oh how loud she cried out! Why did she cry?

33.2.106 Untitled

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

are you

RU

for the

TP-RT

had a

HA

I think

KWREUBG

I was

EUFS

is no

STPHO

it was

T-FS

out to

TPOUT

parrot

PAORT

she could

SHEBGD

she would

SHELD

that he

THAE

there is

THR-LGS

what a

WHA*

who was

WHOFS

worth it

would not

WOPBLT

Text

A poor man had a parrot.

He had taught the parrot to say, "There is no doubt about it."

Poll would say this all day long. It was all she could say.

One day the man went out to sell Poll.

"Who will buy my parrot?" said he, "Who will give ten dollars for my parrot?"

"Ten dollars!" said a man, who was going by. "Are you worth it, Poll?"

"There is no doubt about it," said the bird.

The man was so pleased to hear this, that he gave then dollars for the parrot.

But when he took Poll home, she would not say a word.

"What a goose I was to pay ten dollars for you!" said the man. "What a big goose I was!"

"There is no doubt about it," said Poll; and I think Poll was right.

33.2.107 Untitled

Selected Words

by it

TPWEU

in the

TPH-T

it can

T-BG

Text

A balloon! A balloon! It goes up, up, up; it can go very high, up in the sky. By and by it will come back.

33.2.108 Some Other Crabs

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

are the

R-T

as hard as

SHA*RDZ

as quickly as

SKWEULGS

but it

TPWUT

do not

TKPHOT

every time

EFRPL

front of

TPROFPBT

goes into

TKPWHAOS

I will

KWREUL

if the

TP-T

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

is to

STO

it has

T-Z

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

than the

THAPBT

that he

THAE

things that

THAEUPBGS

what he

WHAE

which is

WEUS

why are

KWR-R

will not

HR-PBLT

with the

W-T

Text

All crabs are not alike.

They are many kinds.

They differ in shape, color, and habits.

Some are not at all pretty.

Some are very pretty.

All are very queer.

The Spider Crab has long, thin legs.

The front of his shell, which is over his head, is not wide, but is a sharp point.

This is to help him dig his way into sand and mud.

Some crabs do not make a house in the sand; they live in holes in the rocks.

The Horseshoe Crab is of a chestnut color.

Some call him the King Crab.

Look at his picture.

His shell is of the shape of the hoof of a horse, but it has a long tail, with sharp points on the edges.

The tail is as hard as wood, and has edges likes a file.

The Horseshoe Crab lives in sand and in mud.

He chooses the muddy banks where rivers or streams run into the sea.

He pushes the way in the mud, with his big, round shell, and scrapes the mud out with his many feet.

He eats the worms he finds in the sand and mud.

Why are the worms down there?

Like Mr. Crab, they build a house in the mud.

Some time I will tell you about these worms.

Now and then, as Mr. Crab goes along under the ground, he finds in his way a long, soft thing that looks good to eat.

It is the long pipe or tube with which a clam takes his food.

The King Crab puts out his claw to get it.

The King Crab can move his hand claw as quickly as your cat can jump or strike out her paw.

But the clam is far more quick than the King Crab and shuts his shell down on the King Crab's claw.

Now is he held fast, like a rat in a trap!

He waits to see if the clam will let go.

No, he will not.

Then the crab drops off his claw, and goes away to hide and grow a new one.

Do you see, in the picture, a crab in a shell made like a curl?

That crab steals his house.

He finds an empty shell, and goes into it to live.

It is odd to see him run, with the shell he stole on his back.

How does he live?

By fishing.

All crabs hunt and fish.

I have told you how they hunt on the sand for bugs and flies.

Did I not tell you how they hunt for grubs and worms under ground?

How do they fish?

Mr. Crab gets into a good place to fish.

He pops out his eyes to see all about him.

Then when things that he likes to eat float by, he strikes out with his big hand.

He catches what he want nearly every time.

Crabs are very greedy.

33.2.109 More About Sea Babies

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and the

SKP-T

and will

SKP-L

as the

SAZ

be the

BT

come out

KPHOUT

full of

TPUFL

great many

TKPWRAEPL

have a

SRA

have the

SR-T

he wants

HEPTS

how do

TKHOU

in each

TPHAOEFP

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is by

SPWEU

is that

STHA

it was

T-FS

it were

T-RP

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

over it

TOEFR

part of the

PAFRT

them to

THOEUPL

there are

THR-R

they can

THEBG

they felt

THEFLT

they were

THERP

this was

TH-FS

to be

TOB

up and

SKPUP

very many

SR-RPL

went into

TPWHAOEPBT

when the

WHEPBT

where the

W-RT

which the

KH-T

will be

HR-B

you can

UBG

Text

Now in these strings you have the whole story. First, the tiny string Mrs. Conch left on the sand grew to be a big string with large cases like these. The small specks in it were to become shells, and the jelly was to be the food of the baby conference while in the case. There are very many in each case.

They grew and grew. They ate up all the jelly. They were true shellfish, only very small. Then it was time for them to go out.

They saw the thin skin over the small, round hole. They felt sure that this was their door. They ate off the thin skin, and went into the sea.

The conch lays its egg-strings from March to May.

It lays a great many. In the egg-case the baby shells rock up and down, not on a tree, but on the sea.

This dry string, still full of shells, is one in which the shells are all dead. It was cast on shore when the little fish were too young to come out. That made them all die.

These little things have a hard time to grow up. But if they can life until they are of a good size, they will have a thick shell. Then they will be out of harm's way, and will live a long time.

But how do these shellfish grow? Do they pull off their shells when they are too tight, as crabs do?

No. All these shellfish wear a E. coli, or veil. It is by their cloak they grow. Why, how is that? This cloak, or veil, is fine and thin. It is part of the body of the fish, and folds all over it.

This fine cloak takes lime out of seawater, and with it build more shell. As the animal needs more room, it spreads out this veil over the edge of the shell, and builds with it new shell. You can see the little rims where the cloak built each new piece. The color and the waved lines on the shell are made by this veil.

So the shellfish need not change his house. He just builds on more room as he wants it.

33.2.110 We Live on a Farm

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

help

HEP

I am

KWRAEUPL

Mary

MA*ER

on the

OPBT

seven

SEFPB

years old

KWRAERLDZ

Text

I am Mary. Jack is my brother. We live on a farm. Jack is nine years old, and I am seven.

We like to help on the farm. Father lets us help him with his work.

33.2.111 Mrs. Wasp at Home

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

as a

SA*Z

as the

SAZ

do not

TKPHOT

in a

TPHA*EU

in an

in each

TPHAOEFP

in the

TPH-T

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

more than

PH-RPB

there are

THR-R

to the

TOT

with the

W-T

you ever

UFR

Text

There are many kinds of wasps. There are mud wasps, which make mud houses.

Lonely wasps build alone in the ground, and dig holes in the sand. They throw the sand back between their hind legs.

Did you ever see your dog dig a hole? The wasp digs in the same way as the dog.

Sand wasps make tiny earth houses on walls and fences. Tree wasps hang great paper houses upon the branches or twigs of trees.

Rust-red wasps do not build houses for their cells. They make fine paper cells, and hang them with the open part down, in some safe place.

They varnish the cells to keep them dry. In a cold land, the wasps build in barns, attics, hollow trees, or in the ground.

In warm lands, they hang a bunch of cells out in the open air, on trees or vines. One day I found a wasp's nest in an old tin can.

There had been paint in the can. The wasp had made a stem of paint.

She used her feet to twist it into a stiff rope. Upon that, for a stem, she built a nest like a white flower.

She put a cell upon the stem, and six cells around that one. In each cell was a wee, white egg.

The eggs grew to fat grubs. They had black heads. Then Mrs. Wasp fed them. She went from one cell to the other, and fed her grubs, just as a bird feeds its young.

Mrs. Wasp also makes a pap of bugs and fruit, and gives it to her young.

Wasps are very neat. They keep their nests clean. They use cells more than once.

But they make new nests each year. One kind of wasp is called the White Face.

Every wasp has a clean, shining coat, and a fierce look.

Wasps do not bite or chew food; they suck out the juices of fruit and insects.

33.2.112 The Bee at Home

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

are the

R-T

as the

SAZ

at a

T*A

at the

TE

did you

TKU

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

goes into

TKPWHAOS

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is to

STO

much as

PHUFPS

of the

-FT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

that are

THAR

that the

THAT

them to

THOEUPL

there are

THR-R

they do

TKHOE

this be

TH-B

to be

TOB

very much

SR-FP

when the

WHEPBT

with the

W-T

you ever

UFR

Text

Let us looks at a work bee. There are two kinds of work bees. Nurse bees take care of the baby bees.

The wax bees build the house. Let us look well at the wax bee. See its body.

Here are the rings, and here are the scales of wax on each ring. The wax is made in the bee from the honey or sweet food that the bee eats.

In the bee's body are two bags.

Into one bag it puts the honey that it gets from flowers. It takes this home and puts it into the cells. What goes into the other bag feeds the bee and makes wax.

Look at this bee's legs. On each leg is a basket, a brush, and a tool with which to pinch and press the wax into the cells.

When the bee goes into a flower, it gets covered with dust. The brush on its legs takes off this dust from the bee's coat and puts it into the basket. That dust is to feed the young bees.

With the tool it strips the scale of wax from the rings on its body. Then it takes the wax in its mouth and lays it to build the wall of the cells. Did you ever see a man lay brick on a wall?

The bee builds her walls very much as the man builds his.

When the work bees make cells, they first lay down a thick sheet of wax. Then they build upon this little wax boxes, each with six sides, set close to each other. When the boxes are as deep as they wish them to be, the bees fill them.

Let us see what they do with the cells. Some of the cells are for the dust, or food, called bee-bread. Some cells are for the baby bees to lie in.

Some cells are for honey. The queen puts eggs in all the cells that are for bees. The nurse bees put in flowers dust for the baby bees to eat.

The wax bees build the cells and get honey. The wax bees have pockets for wax. The nurse bees have only small pockets.

The queen bee and the drones have no pockets.

33.2.113 Untitled

Selected Words

do not

TKPHOT

go into

TKPWHAO

he can

K*E

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is not

S-PBLT

of the

-FT

they do

TKHOE

this is

TH-S

Text

This is Ned's boat. He can make it sail.

What does he call his boat?

He calls it the Sea-bird.

His little sisters like to play in the sand. They do not like to go into the water.

Ned is not afraid of the water.

He can swim like a duck.

33.2.114 After School

Selected Words

at the

TE

do you

TKOU

do you see

TOUZ

glad to

TKPWHRAOD

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

part of the

PAFRT

there is

THR-LGS

to have

TOF

what part

WHAPT

Text

School time is over. Boys and girls have gone home from school. Play time is here for children.

Look at the shadows on the street. Now there is more shadow than sunshine.

The children run and play and swing and jump. They are glad to have their coats and caps on. The day is growing much cooler.

Look at the sun. In what part of the sky do you see the sun now?

33.2.115 The Story of a War

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

are you

RU

as the

SAZ

do is

STKO

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

for the

TP-RT

full of

TPUFL

goes to

TKPWOS

he can

K*E

in an

is a

SA*EU

is no

STPHO

is not

S-PBLT

is to

STO

it was

T-FS

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

learn about

PWHRERPB

made of

PHAEFD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one is

SW*UPB

out of

OUFT

so many

SOEPL

that has

THAZ

that he

THAE

that the

THAT

the two

TWOT

there is

THR-LGS

they do

TKHOE

this is

TH-S

to be

TOB

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

very many

SR-RPL

what can

WHA*BG

when the

WHEPBT

which is

WEUS

who can

WHOBG

will find

HR-FPBD

you are

R*U

you know

KWRAOUPB

you think

UPBG

you will

HR*U

Text

When the drill gets on the back of an oyster, what can the oyster do? Nothing. The poor oyster cannot help himself. Does he hear hour after hour the file of the drill on his shell? Yes.

He knows the drill will get in and kill him, but all that he he can do is to keep still and wait.

The oyster is not the only kind of shellfish that the drill eats. When the drill goes after the poor shellfish that have no heads, he eats them at his ease.

They cannot help themselves. They do not know how to get away from Mr. Drill. The shellfish that have no heads live in shells made of two parts, like the covers of a book. The two parts are held to each other by a hinge.

It is a bad thing, it seems, to have no head. Without a head who can take care of himself?

But let us see Mr. Drill try a fight with a shellfish that has a head. Now he meets his match!

He goes to the top of the shell. He makes fast, and begins -- file, file, file. The fish inside hears him. "O, are you there, Mr. Drill?"

What do you think the shellfish does? He draws his body out of the way, and builds up a nice little wall! So, when Mr. Drill gets his hole made, and puts in his tongue --is no fish, only a hard wall! Then Mr. Drill also moves along.

He picks out a good place. Once more he goes to work -- file, file, file. "O, here you are, Mr. Drill!" And the shellfish with a head once more pulse his body out of the way, and makes a new wall.

Then Mr. Drill has the same luck as before. Sometimes he gets tired of the war and goes off. Now and then, as he too has a head, he finds a spot where there is no room for the wall. There he makes his hole and sucks out the animal.

You will find very many of the shells on the sea beach with these pinholes in them. The holes were made by Mr. Drill on his hunt for food.

But you will now and then find shells, as the thick clamshell, full of holes, like a Nell work. This is not done by Mr. Drill.

Shells and bones are made of two kinds of stuff. One is lime, which is hard like stone. The other is not so hard... It is more like dry glue.

These shells with so many holes are old shells, long dead, and the glue part has gone out of them.

How did it get out? It was bored out by a kind of sponge. Only the lime part is left, like a fine net.

When bones or shells have only the lime part left, they will break and crack like glass. If they have too little lime, they will bend.

For all Mr. Drill has a head, he is not so wise as at first he seemed to be.

He will sit down and make a hole in an old dead shell where no fish lives. Now and then he makes a hole in an old shell, long ago turned to stone. He will spend two days on such a shell as this!

Did you know that bones and shells and plants sometimes turn to stone?

You will some day learn about that strange fact.

33.2.116 Untitled

Selected Words

and he

SKPE

and he cannot

find it

TPHAOEUPBD

it was

T-FS

New Year

TPHU KWRAO*ER

New Year's

TPHAO*URS

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

that the

THAT

there was

THR-FS

went to

TWOEPBT

Text

Last New Year's morn I heard a horn.

Did you? Yes, not only one, but I heard two or three horns. It was a stormy day. There was frost on the trees and on the window panes.

The first day of January is short; it is then that the new year comes in.

Ned lost John's ball, and he cannot find it. He lost it on the north side of the barn. We went to look for it, and some mud flew on my coat sleeve.

33.2.117 Untitled

Selected Words

in a

TPHA*EU

Text

The bees live in a hive.

Clover has a sweet smell.

Dave has a brown velvet vest.

33.2.118 Untitled

Selected Words

Text

The boy has a large kite. The boys have large kites. The boy's kite is large.

33.2.119 Brownie

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

baby

PWAEB

Brownie

PWRO*UPB AO*E

every

EFR

in the

TPH-T

pasture

PAS TAOUR

she has

SHEZ

she is

SHES

Text

Brownie is our pet cow. She is brown and white. She gives milk for us to drink.

Brownie eats grass in the pasture. At night she stays in the barn. She has a baby calf now. The calf has a white spot on its face.

Jack and I like to drink milk. Mother says, "Every boy and girl should drink a quart of milk a day."

33.2.120 The Bee and the Man

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and the

SKP-T

are not

R-PBLT

are you

RU

did the

TK-T

did you

TKU

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

do you see

TOUZ

had a

HA

he was

EFS

I will

KWREUL

if you

TPU

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of a

AEUF

she was

SHEFS

some people

SPAOEPL

that were

THARP

that you

THAU

there are

THR-R

they did

TKHE

they would

THELD

things that

THAEUPBGS

to be

TOB

when she

SWHE

you ever

UFR

you would

ULD

Text

Did you ever see a hive of bees? Are you afraid of bees? You need not be afraid of them.

They do not often sting those who let them alone. There are some people whom bees never sting. Do you see how small the bees are?

Do they not move very quickly? Are not their cells very small? Now I will tell you a strange thing.

The man who knew the most about bees was a blind man! His name was Huber. He lost his sight when he was a boy.

He loved to study. Most of all, he loved to study bees.

From a boy, he had a friend. She was a kind girl. She, too, loved to study. When she grew up, she became Huber's wife.

Huber was not poor. He had a nice home of his own. He had a man to live with him and wait on him.

Huber, and his wife, and the man would go and sit by the beehive. They read to Huber all the books about bees that had then been made. Then they would watch the bees, to see if they did the things that were told in books.

When they saw the bees do other things, they old Huber. Then they caught bees, and studied the parts of their bodies. Ask your teacher what kind of a glass they used to see the bee with.

The wife and the man told Huber all that they saw. He thought it all over. They watched the bees, year after year.

Huber worked fifteen years. Then he made a great book on bees. He told his wife what to write.

He lived to be very old.

It is both from books, and by your own eyes and thought, that you may learn these things. You must watch if you would know. Give time and work to this study.

33.2.121 What Mrs. Wasp Can Do

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

are the

R-T

at the

TE

down the

TKOUPBT

honeycomb

HOPB KOEPL

how does

TKHOUS

I know

KWR-PB

in a

TPHA*EU

is a

SA*EU

it up

TUP

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

made of

PHAEFD

of a

AEUF

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

she has

SHEZ

that he

THAE

that is

THAS

there is

THR-LGS

two times

TWAOEUPLS

very many

SR-RPL

will find

HR-FPBD

you will

HR*U

Text

How does Mrs. Wasp make paper? First she finds a piece of dry, old wood.

She cuts off bits of wood, like fine, soft threads. She wets these with a kind of glue from her mouth, and rolls them into a ball.

Then, she stands on her hind legs, and with her front feet puts the ball between her jaws. She then flies to her nest.

She uses her tongue, her jaws, and her feet, to spread the ball out thin. On her hind legs she has flat feet, to help her lay down the paper.

She lays one sheet of paper on the other, until it is thick enough to make a nest. Some wasps hang these paper nests in trees.

The nests are round, like balls, or are the shape of a top. At the bottom of each you will find two doors.

Some wasps make paste-board. The wasp that builds in a tree does not live alone.

She has in her home very many paper rooms. They are like cells in a honeycomb.

She can make wax. She puts a wax lid on the cells.

She can make varnish, to keep the cells dry.

One kind of wasp is a mason.

Her house is made of mud. She brings mud in little balls, and builds a house.

In the house, she puts a baby wasp. She puts in little spiders for him to eat.

A hornet is a kind of wasp. We may call him Mrs. Wasp's cousin.

Hornets catch and eat flies. There is a black wasp that is called a mud-dauber.

She builds a little mud house. I know a boy who broke one of these mud houses thirty-two times.

The wasp built it up each time. One of these mud-wasps built a house ten times on a man's desk. Each time that he broke it up, she built it again.

This kind of wasp does not leave her baby alone.

33.2.122 Untitled

Selected Words

is by

SPWEU

to the

TOT

Text

The little doll is in Ada's arms; the big doll is by her side. She talks to the big doll just as she does to her little baby sister. You may pinch the doll. It does not feel. Why does it not feel?

33.2.123 Run, Cars, Run!

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

away

WA*EU

can you

KU

going to

TKPW*GS

good for you

TKPWAOD TPOUR

he has

HEZ

to the

TOT

Text

Can you make toys? Bobby can. He has made a little toy house and a little blue car. He had to work to get them just right. Some nights his father worked with him, too.

One day Bobby came to school with his blue car. All the boys had cars that day. Every boy was going to run his car away down to the big tree and back.

Away wept the boys with their cars. Bobby ran his blue car. The boys ran their cars to the big tree, and then they came back. But Bobby's blue car got back first!

"Good for you, little blue car!" said Bobby. "You got back first!"

33.2.124 Untitled

Selected Words

and he

SKPE

easy to

TOEZ

going to

TKPW*GS

is going

STKPW-G

them to

THOEUPL

Text

Ben Sneath has two pups, and he is busy training them.

He say they are so wise, it is easy to teach them. He makes them sit up, and "speak" each time he feeds them.

Here they are now waiting for their bit of meat.

Next year Ben is going to teach them to pull him in his little cart. They will make a fine team.

33.2.125 How Shellfish Feed

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and a

SKPA

and find

SKP-FPBD

and he

SKPE

and he can

SKPEBG

and you

SKPU

as a

SA*Z

as big as

SPWEUGS

as small as

SPHAULS

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

back to

TPWAOBG

do is

STKO

do the

TKO*T

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

have a

SRA

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

he can

K*E

he has

HEZ

he wants

HEPTS

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

is it

ST

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is to

STO

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

out and

SKPOUT

some of

SPHOF

that he

THAE

that is

THAS

them to

THOEUPL

then the

THEPBT

there is

THR-LGS

when the

WHEPBT

you will

HR*U

Text

Do the shellfish all feed on other shellfish? Oh, no. Some of them live on seaweed. Some of them live by fishing. They catch, from the water, small bits of food, as as small as grains of sand.

The shellfish that live on seaweed have a long, slim, tongue. It is somewhat like that of the drill. The tongue is like a tiny strap.

The teeth are set on it, three or more in a row, like the points of pins. As the teeth wear out from work on the tough weed, more grow.

These shellfish walk along on their one big foot. First one side of the food spreads out, and then the other.

That pulse them along. Is it not very slow work? But what of that? All they have to do is to move about and find food.

They can take all day for it. They have no house to build and no clothes to make.

They creep along to a good bed of seaweed. Then they put out the fine, file-like tongue.

It cuts off flakes of seaweed for them to eat. They are never tired of that one kind of food.

Even that queer limpet, who sits on a rock and has a shell like a cap, has a head, and a foot, and a tongue that is like a rasp. And he can walk along the floor of the sea.

He can climb up the rocks. The limpet has his own rock and his own hole in the rock. He goes back to his rock when he has had all that he wants to eat.

The world of the sea is as full of life as the world of the land. There is one nice little shellfish, about as big as a pea. He lives in the seaweed that grows on rocks. He is brown, or green, or black, or red, or dark yellow.

He can live in the damp weed in the hours when the tide is out, and has left the rocks dry. He eats seaweed. Let us look at him. He has two little feelers.

He has two wee, black eyes. He has a little snout, like a tiny pig. At the end of this snout is his little mouth. His small, dark foot has a dent in it.

He puts out his wee, file-like tongue, and laps it out and in, as a dog does when he drinks water. The sharp teeth cut off little scales of weed for him to eat. Take ten or more of these little shells in your hand. Each tiny animal draws in his we foot.

As the little animals hide in this way, put down your ear, and you will hear a faint squeak. It is made by the air in the shells.

33.2.126 Untitled

Selected Words

do not

TKPHOT

goes to

TKPWOS

is a

SA*EU

is about

SPW

them to

THOEUPL

Text

Ben is a farmer's son, and looks after the cows. He takes them to pasture, and helps to milk.

He likes them all; but his pet cow is Brown Bess. He always pats her head when he goes to milk her.

How still she stands. Now and then she will switch her tail to chase away the flies.

"Go away, flies! Do not bother Ben's good Bess!"

Now the pail is about full, and Bess may go and get her supper.

33.2.127 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

do you

TKOU

going to

TKPW*GS

how do

TKHOU

no one

TPHOEUPB

that a

THA*

to the

TOT

you are

R*U

you do

TKO*U

Text

Hark! I hear a bird.

Is not that a sweet song?

Sing on, little bird, no one shall hurt you. I like to hear your song.

I am glad you are so happy, little bird.

Once I saw a little bird

Come hop, hop, hop;

So I cried, Dear little bird,

Please stop, stop, stop!

I was going to the window

To say, How do you do?

When up went his little wings,

And far away he flew.

33.2.128 The Yellow Cat

Selected Words

--

TK-RB

for the

TP-RT

he said

HEBS

I will

KWREUL

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

yellow

KWR*EL

Text

A yellow cat ran up a tree. Up, up it went. The tree was so big for the little yellow cat.

Then the cat looked down -- down, down, down. Could it get down now?

Jack saw his little yellow cat. He went to the big tree.

"I will get you down," he said.

Jack had to go up the tree to bring the little yellow cat down.

33.2.129 Untitled

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

Charley

KHAERL

going to

TKPW*GS

has to

THAOS

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is going

STKPW-G

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

out of

OUFT

picture of

TP*EUFP

that would

THALD

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

up to

TOUP

what a

WHA*

Text

Here is a picture of a whale, Charley.

Oh, what a large fish, papa!

Whales look like fish, but they are not fish.

Why, papa? They swim in the water like a fish.

Yes; but they cannot breathe under water; a fish can.

A whale has to come to the top of the water to breathe.

What do men catch whales for? Are they good to eat?

No; they get oil from them.

Where do they go to get whales?

They go far off in ships.

Tell me how they catch them.

When a whale comes up to breathe he throws a stream of water in the air.

"There's a whale!" shout the sailors, and takes to their boats.

When they get near the whale, one of them throws a long spear, or harpoon, at him.

if the harpoon sticks in him, they must keep out of his way. He may hit the boat with his tail. That would throw them all into the water.

Look at that man in the boat. He is going to hit the whale with a harpoon.

33.2.130 Last Winter

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and more

SKPHOR

and over

SKPOFR

as the

SAZ

at once

TWUPBS

down the

TKOUPBT

he said

HEBS

now the

TPHOUT

on the

OPBT

to the

TOT

Text

One cold morning last winter, John went out with his big sled. It had been snowing all the night before, but now the snow was over. Ice on the snow made the hill right for a sled.

As John ran over to the hill, he saw other boys coming with their sleds. More and more boys, and more and more sleds!

Time after time the boys went flying down the hill. Then three boys got on John's big sled with him.

Away they went down the hill.

All at once John saw a dog coming up the hill. He didn't think the sled would miss him.

"Jump!" he said. As the boys jumped, over went the sled and over fell the boys. When they got up, they looked like snow men!

33.2.131 More About Bees

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and so

SAOPBD

and the

SKP-T

at the

TE

could not

KOPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

for the

TP-RT

have a

SRA

if you

TPU

if you have

TPUF

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

learn to

THROERPB

made of

PHAEFD

may find

PHAEUFPBD

more than

PH-RPB

much for

TPHOUFRP

of it

T-F

so the

SOT

some people

SPAOEPL

they can

THEBG

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

they do

TKHOE

to the

TOT

too much

TAOFP

top of

TOFP

we could

WEBGD

who had

WHOD

who think

WHOPBG

why not

KWR-PBLT

will not

HR-PBLT

would you

WOU

you can

UBG

you should

URBD

Text

Would you like to own bees? Once I knew a boy who had some bees. He kept them in a room, at the top of his house. He left the window open, and the bees came and went as they chose.

A swarm of bees coasts about five dollars. Each year it may gain for you five dollars, or more, by honey, and a new swarm.

If you live in the city, you cannot so easily keep bees. Why not?

They could not find the right food.

They need to fly in the field or in a garden so that they can get the honey and the yellow dust of flowers. They need to fly where they can get the thick gum from trees to line their cells.

If you have a hive of bees, you should learn to watch them well. Like Huber, you may find out some new things. We do not yet know all about bees. We could learn more than is now known about drones.

If you stand by a hive, the bees will not hurt you if you keep still, and do not get in their way to the door as they go in and out.

Bees lay up for winter more honey than they need. So the

bee-keepers take out much of it to eat or to sell.

They must leave some for the bees. If too much comb is taken out, the bees must be fed. You can give them sugar or some sweet stuff. Bees like flour made of peas.

They cannot feed young bees if they do not have sweet dust or flour. They cannot make wax if they have no sweet food. They cannot line their cells, nor seal them well, if they have no strong gum from trees.

I know some people who think bees like to hear a song, and so sit near the hives and sing to them. But bees, really, love color, and sweet smell, and nice tastes, and do not care much for any noise.

33.2.132 Mrs. Wasp and Her Home

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

caterpillar

KAT PHRAR

from the

TPR-T

is a

SA*EU

is it

ST

is too

STAO

it a

TA*EU

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

she can

SHEBG

she has

SHEZ

she is

SHES

that she

STHAE

too far

TAOFR

when she

SWHE

will be

HR-B

Text

Here is a round hole on the hillside path. Is it a crab's hole?

No, it is too far from the sea for a crab. Mrs. Wasp made it for her baby to live in.

Her name is Vespa. In her house she has a hall, a room, and a bed.

In the bed her baby lies asleep. It is now a soft white egg.

When the baby wasp comes out of the egg, he will be all alone. When Mrs. Wasp has laid the egg safe in bed, she goes away.

She shuts her door with a lump of mud. She leaves her baby some food to eat.

The food is a pile of little caterpillars. When she leaves her baby, she never comes back.

When he gets big, he digs his way out, and off he flies. If he meets his mother he does not know her.

Mrs. Wasp makes her bed of fine sawdust. She cuts the wood up soft and fine.

She has two small, sharp saws with which to cut the wood. She can make paper.

She saws the wood into a fine dust. Then she mixes it with glue from her mouth.

When she takes it home, she spreads it out thin with her feet. It dries into fine, gray paper.

With it she papers her house, to keep her baby warm and dry.

Mrs. Wasp is cross, but she is wise. She has a long sting. She kills, or puts into a deep sleep, the caterpillars, that she takes home.

She is never idle.

33.2.133 Towser’s Red Ball

Selected Words

back and

SKPWABG

bring it

TPWREU

he would

ELD

I can

AOEUBG

I can't

AOEUBGT

I know

KWR-PB

it was

T-FS

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

to me

TPHE

towser

TOES *ER

up to

TOUP

with you

WU

you would

ULD

Text

The black dog ran to his little house. He got his old red ball and ran back with it to Billy. Then Towser put the ball dawn.

"Here, Towser!" said Billy. "Run and get your ball! Bring it to me!"

Now it was up to Billy to play with Towser. Away the black dog would run for that old red ball! Then he would bring it back and look at Billy.

"I know you would like me to play with you all day," said Billy to Towser. "But I can't. It is time to go to school."

33.2.134 The Spider and His Food

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and all

SKPAUL

are not

R-PBLT

as a

SA*Z

clean it

TKHRAOEPB

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

from the

TPR-T

great deal

TKPWRAEL

have a

SRA

he knows

H*EPBS

if the

TP-T

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is not

S-PBLT

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

on this

THOPB

out to

TPOUT

she can

SHEBG

some people

SPAOEPL

they do

TKHOE

they say

THEBZ

will go

HR*G

will not

HR-PBLT

you do

TKO*U

Text

Some people pay that they hate spiders. Why do they hate them? "Oh," they say, "they are so very greedy!" Well, a spider must eat a great deal, or he cannot spin his web.

His food makes the glue that makes the web. Spiders work hard. So they must eat much.

"But they bite." They will not bite you if you do not hurt them. If they do, the bite will do you no harm. They bite insects to kill them.

Do you not eat fish, meat, and birds? Who kills this food for you?

"But the spider is not pretty." True, his shape is not pretty, nor are his long hairy legs pretty. Just see his fine black or gold coat!

If he is not pretty, he is wise and busy. Webs are very pretty, if spiders are not.

Spiders eat flies and all kinds of small bugs. When a fly is fast in a web, he hums loud from fear.

The spiders will eat dead birds. One kind of spider kills small birds to eat.

There is a spider that lives on water. He knows how to build a raft.

He takes grass and bits of stick and ties them up with his silk. On this raft he sails out to catch flies and bugs that skim over the water.

There is a spider that lives in the water. She can dive. Her nest is like a ball. It shines like silver. Her web is so thick that it does not get wet. Her velvet coat keeps her as dry as a fur coat. Her eggs are of the color of gold.

When spiders eat, they do not chew their food; they suck out the juice.

Spiders are very neat. They hate dust and soot.

They will not have a dirty web. If you put a bit of dirt or leaf on the web, Mrs. Spider will go and clean it off.

She shakes her web with her foot until all the lines are clean. If the dirt will not shake from the web, the spider will cut the piece out, and mend the web with new lines.

33.2.135 Untitled

Selected Words

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

on the

OPBT

than the

THAPBT

Text

Three little mice are in the rice.

Do not lose your place on the page.

There is a bird's nest in the hedge by the fence.

The bird in the hedge is happier than the bird in the cage.

33.2.136 Ouch! My Tooth

Selected Words

dentist

TK*EUFT

do not

TKPHOT

every day

*EFRD

had a

HA

have to

STRO

I shall

EURBL

if I

TPEU

in the

TPH-T

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

shall have

SH-F

they should

THERBD

to the

TOT

Text

Jack had a bad toothache. Father said, "That same tooth hurt you last week. I must take you to the dentist in the city."

The dentist said, "Jack, I shall have to pull this tooth. If I do not, it may make you sick. Boys and girls should brush their teeth every day and see the dentist twice each year. They should eat the right kind of food to build strong teeth."

33.2.137 Untitled

Selected Words

as it

TAZ

in the

TPH-T

is not

S-PBLT

see it

STAOE

they can

THEBG

Text

The moon is in the sky. Cora and Fred see it. They can see the stars, too.

They cannot see the man in the moon, as it is not old; but they can see its two sharp horns. "Good-bye, little moon! We will see you again tomorrow."

33.2.138 Can You Tell?

Selected Words

came in

TKPHAEUPL

in a

TPHA*EU

of it

T-F

on the

OPBT

Text

When Bob came in from swim, he dropped his suit in a pile on the ground.

"Spread out your suit, Bob," said his mother. "It will dry better that way."

Bob wants the water to evaporate from his suit. He must place his suit so that air can reach all parts of it.

In which way will air reach all parts of Bob's suit so that it will dry fast?

33.2.139 Untitled

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

at the

TE

come out

KPHOUT

Dix

TK*P *EU KP*

do not

TKPHOT

dumpling

TKUPL PHREUPBG

ginger

SKWREURPBG

Hicks

KPA HEUBG -S

I had

H*EU

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

Simon

SAOEUPL O*PB

Text

If you bump your head or stump your toe, do not cry. When Simon Hicks feels in the dumps, he hops and jumps and whacks away at the stumps in the woodslot.

Job fell over a stump and went plump into the swamp. Then he had to jump lively to get out. When he got home his sister gave him an apple dumpling.

Ann Dix crimps her hair by an oil lamp. Hair does not curl well on a damp day; the crimps come out very soon.

I slept in a damp bed; that gave me a cold, and I had cramps infect day. Then I had to take some hot ginger tea.

33.2.140 At the Park

Selected Words

asked

SK-D

at the

TE

fun to

TPOUPB

had a

HA

it was

T-FS

monkey

PHOPB KEU

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

zoo

SAO*

Text

One day Bob and Betty took us to the park. We had a boat ride on the little pond. Bob asked me to sit at the back of the boat. Some water splashed over the side and got my face wet. After lunch we went to the zoo. We saw the monkeys. It was fun to watch them jump and play.

33.2.141 What Is The Moon Like?

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

and more

SKPHOR

as it

TAZ

back to

TPWAOBG

bright light

PWR-LT

could not

KOPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

from the

TPR-T

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

I should

EURBD

if I

TPEU

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is no

STPHO

made of

PHAEFD

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

no one

TPHOEUPB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

that is

THAS

that you

THAU

them to

THOEUPL

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

there would

THR-LD

they would

THELD

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

what you

WHAU

when it

TWHEPB

would be

WOB

would find

WOUFPBD

would not

WOPBLT

you could

UBGD

you know

KWRAOUPB

you should

URBD

you wanted

UPBTD

you were

URP

you would

ULD

Text

Mary wondered and wondered about the moon. She watched it each night.

"If I should stand on a mountain, could I reach the moon?" she asked.

"No," said her father. "You would not be high enough to reach the moon."

"Can an airplane reach the moon?" Mary wanted to know.

"Oh, no," her father answered. "An airplane cannot fly to the moon. The moon is far, far out in the sky. No one can go to the moon."

Suppose that you and Mary could go to the moon. Do you know what you would finite out there in the sky?

You would not find just a big, bright light. The moon isn't like a giant streetlight.

You would find a place that is like our earth in some ways. There would be ground to walk upon. There are high mountains and big flat places. There are many, many rocks.

But you would not think you were on the earth. The moon is very different. You would not see grass or trees. You would see just rocks.

Wherever you looked, you would see rocks, rocks, and more rocks. Rocks would be all around you on the big, round moon!

You could not climb the mountains of the moon. The mountains of the moon are made of rock. The sides go straight up from the ground.

Suppose you tried to climb over some rocky places near the ground. Soon you would say, "Oh, my poor feet!"

The rocks on the moon are sharp and pointed. They would cut your feet.

Suppose you wanted a drink of water. If you should travel all over the moon, you could not get a drink of water. The moon does not have water.

You would find no wells or springs on the moon. There are no ponds or lakes or rivers.

"Oh, I'll get some water when it rains," you would say.

Then you would look for clouds in the sky. But no clouds would be floating above you. There are no clouds on the moon. Rain never falls there.

You could not get a drink of water anywhere on the moon.

"Then I'll take a drink of milk," you would say.

No, you could not take a drink of milk. Cows do not live on the moon. Grass does not grow on the moon. There is no water to make grass grow. There is no water for cows to drink. Nothing grows on the moon as it does on the earth.

You would just have to wait for your drink until you got back to earth.

There would be one good thing about this trip to the moon. Your hat would not blow off. The wind does not blow, out there on the moon.

You would not see leaves blowing about in the wind. There are no leaves on the moon. There are no trees. There is no wind.

You would not see birds or butterflies flying about in the air. There is no air for them to fly in.

"Oh, my!" you would say. "There is no air for birds here. There is no air for butterflies. There is no air for cows. There is no air for me."

That is right. There is no air to breathe on the moon.

So you would come back to the good old earth to find air to breathe. You would come back the same way you went -- just supposing!

33.2.142 Out of Harm’s Way

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and so

SAOPBD

and the

SKP-T

are the

R-T

as a

SA*Z

as many

SPHAEPB

as the

SAZ

at once

TWUPBS

did I

TKEU

do not

TKPHOT

easy to

TOEZ

eider

AOEUD *ER

he can

K*E

how fast

HOUFZ

how the

HOUT

I am

KWRAEUPL

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

is done

STKOPB

is that

STHA

is there

STHR

it has

T-Z

now have

TPHOUF

of a

AEUF

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

on this

THOPB

out of

OUFT

so many

SOEPL

that he

THAE

that would

THALD

them to

THOEUPL

there are

THR-R

they can

THEBG

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

things that

THAEUPBGS

this is

TH-S

turn the

TURPBT

very many

SR-RPL

very well

SR-RL

what is

SWHA*

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

you think

UPBG

Text

By this time I am sure you think that all the small bugs, flies, spiders, and crabs must soon be dead.

You have found how cold kills them. You have heard how they kill each other. You know that men and birds and beasts kill them.

How can any live? What is there to save the poor things?

The two chief things that save them are their shape and their color.

Why, how is that?

Let us see how this is done.

On the sand by the sea the crab that lives mostly out in the air is of a gray color. It has fine red spots like sand. The shell of this crab looks so like sand that, if he lies flat and still, you can scarcely see him.

The crab that lives on the seaside mud is black-green like the mud. Birds cannot see him very well, he is so like the mud that he lies on.

Ed spiders that live in the woods are of much the color of a dead leaf.

Some of them, as they lie in their webs, fold up their legs and look like a dead leaf. One spider puts a row of dead leaves and moss all along her web. She lies on this row, and looks like part of it. Birds cannot see her, as she lies in this way.

One small bee that lives in trees is green, like a new leaf. The bees, in brown, black, and gold, look like parts of the flowers on which they alight.

Birds and beasts that live in snow lands, are often white, as the polar bear and the eider duck.

Snakes that live on trees, on on the ground, are often brown or green. They look like the limbs of trees.

Little lizards in walls are gray like stone. In woods, they often are the color of a dead twig. These things can fold up, or stretch out, and look like tuition, or leaves, or balls of grass or hay.

All this will keep them from being seen by animals that would kill them.

Some of them you know have hard shells to shield them. Did I not once tell you how fast they move? They dart and run and jump, quick as a flash of light. That helps them to get out of the way.

Did I not tell you, also, how the crab has his eyes set on pegs? He can turn them every way to see what is near him.

The insect and the spider do not have their eyes on long pegs. Some kinds have six or eight eyes. These eyes are set in a bunch, and some face one way, some another. They can see all ways at once.

Then, too, so many small live things grow each year, that they cannot all be put out of the way.

Each crab will lay more eggs than fifty hens. One spider has more baby spiders than you can count. One bee has more new bees in the hive each year than there are people in a large city. In a wasp's big nest there are, no doubt, as many wasps as there are leaves on a great tree.

Of the creatures which it is most easy to kill, very many are made. And so, while many of them perish each day, many are left to live.

33.2.143 Untitled

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

can you

KU

do be

TKOB

do the

TKO*T

for the

TP-RT

how does

TKHOUS

if you

TPU

if you have

TPUF

in each

TPHAOEFP

is an

SA*PB

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of the

-FT

what is

SWHA*

what the

WHA*T

you say

UBZ

Text

What is an insect?

Name some kinds of insects.

Can you tell me how an insect's body is made?

How many legs, wings, and eyes do insects have?

What three kind of bees live in each hive?

Tell me what the queen bee does.

What does a drone bee do, and how does he look?

Which bee makes cells?

How do bees get honey and wax?

Tell me how nurse bees take care of bee babies.

How can nurse bees make a new queen bee?

Why do the queen bees fight?

Tell me about the fight of the queen bees.

Why does a swarm of bees leave the hive?

What do bees eat?

What do they make?

Tell me of odd places where bees live.

What things eat the bees and steal their combs?

How must you take care of bees, if you have them?

What colors do bees like best?

Tell me about ground bees.

Tell me about mason bees.

Do all bees make combs with cells that have six sides?

Is a spider an insect?

In what is he not like other insects?

What can a spider make?

How does the spider spin a web?

Tell me about the spider's eyes.

How does a spider tend its young ones?

Tell me about the water spiders.

What can you tell about other queer spiders?

What does a spider eat?

What good things can you say for the spider?

33.2.144 Tom’s Letter to His Father

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about a

PBA

and it

SKPEUT

at once

TWUPBS

but it

TPWUT

going to

TKPW*GS

have a

SRA

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

have you

SRU

I have

SREU

I said

EUBS

into the

TPHAOT

it was

T-FS

it would

T-LD

of the

-FT

off and

SKPOF

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

she said

SHEBS

this morning

TH-RPBG

to the

TOT

to you

TOU

went to

TWOEPBT

when I

WHEU

when she

SWHE

would have

WOUF

Text

Dear Daddy:

I am going to write to you about a new pet we had today. This morning I went to the door, and there sat a little white pig. He walked right into the house.

"Here's a new pet for us, Mother!" I said, and Mother ran into the room.

"What have you got now, Tom?" she said. When she saw the pig, she told me to take it out of the house at once.

"But it wants to live here," I said. "It wants food and water." Mother said it would have to eat out on the grass.

Soon it was time for me to go to school. I ran off and left the pig with Mother. When I got home, my pet was not there. Mother said it was the Smiths' new pig and it ran away about once a day. The Smiths took it home. Daddy, dear, when may I have a pet? Write and tell me soon.

Love,

Tom.

33.2.145 The Crab’s Enemies

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and it

SKPEUT

are a

RA*

did not

TKEUPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

does that

TKHAOS

goes to

TKPWOS

hard to

THAORD

he can

K*E

if the

TP-T

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is it

ST

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

over it

TOEFR

part of the

PAFRT

point in

TPHOEUPBT

see this

STHAOE

so many

SOEPL

they did

TKHE

who can

WHOBG

you could

UBGD

Text

Crabs have many enemies. Fish and birds eat them. Men eat some kinds of crabs. Crabs eat each other. With so many enemies, crabs would soon be all gone if they did not lay so many eggs. Mrs. Crab, each year, lays more eggs than you could count.

Crabs do not always have hard shells.

When they first come if the egg they have long tails, four legs, and no clause. The crab's body then has a thin cover. He can swim well.

A little pink crab, named Pea Crab, goes to live in the shell of the oyster. The oyster does not seem to mind it.

You may see this little crab in your oyster soup. He turns orange color when he is cooked. Pinna, or Pea Crab has a very soft shell.

The Spider Crab has a brown shell, rough like sand. Little thorns grow all over it.

This Spider Crab cuts off fine seaweed with her little sharp clause, and hangs it like ribbons on these thorns or hooks.

Then she looks like a little green grove! Who can tell why she does that? Is it to hide?

Do you see the wide hind feet of the crab in this picture?

Those are his paddles, or oars. They are his swimming feet.

His shell is wide and light. He can float on the waves like a boat. He goes far out on the sea.

Some crabs can dig into the sand very fast.

They go in backwards. They slip out of sight like a flash.

Or, they leave the tips of their heads and their eye-pegs out, to look about. Sand crabs do this.

Their shells are a pale brown or sand color. Their shells are wide and round behind, and come to a point in the front.

Their heads are in the narrow part of the shell. Their shells are rough.

They are swift runners.

Some hide in holes in the rocks. Some are sand-color, and their color protects them.

When they are afraid, they lie flat on the sand, and it is hard to see them. Some birds have long, thin bills, with which to pick Mr. Crab out of his sand house.

33.2.146 How to Look at a Fly

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

as the

SAZ

as you

AUZ

at the

TE

by it

TPWEU

did you

TKU

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

even in

TPHAOEPB

for the

TP-RT

front of

TPROFPBT

great many

TKPWRAEPL

have a

SRA

in a

TPHA*EU

in this

STHEUPBS

is a

SA*EU

is by

SPWEU

is it

ST

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

it can

T-BG

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

made of

PHAEFD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

shut up

SHUP

some of

SPHOF

that a

THA*

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

these are

THAOERS

they could

THEBGD

this is

TH-S

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

very much

SR-FP

we find

WEFPBD

when it

TWHEPB

you ever

UFR

you think

UPBG

you will

HR*U

you would

ULD

Text

Do you think a fly is a very small and common thing? Is it not worth looking at? Let us see about that.

First, here is its head with two great eyes. We will soon look at the eyes. Then you will see how curious they are.

There are, besides the big eyes, three little eyes. These are set on the top of the head. Then, too, on the front of the head we find a trunk or tube. And here is a pair of feelers. Inside the head is the brain, very much like a worm's brain. It is only a tiny white dot.

Next behind the head is the chest. The head has the shape of half of an egg laid side wise. The chest is nearly square. It is made of three rings.

On the first ring is a pair of legs. On the next ring is a pair of legs and a pair of wings. The fly has only one pair of wings.

On the last ring is a pair of legs. And near these legs are two little clubs covered with fine hair. It is by means of these clubs that the fly can halt or balance on the wing. They help the fly as the second pair of wings helps other insects.

The third part of a fly's body is the largest. It the egg-shaped, and joins the chest by the thick end. This also is made of rings.

Now let us look again at the head of a fly. The feelers are like two long, fine plumes made in joints. Most people think these feelers are made to touch with. Their full, true use is not yet known.

You see, even in a fly, there is much left for some of you to find out.

Some people think that flies smell and hear with these "feelers." But then they are so fine that a breath can jar them, and the fly might seem to hear when it only feels.

In some schools for the deaf and dumb, the pupils are called to class or table by rapping on the floor.

The deaf do not hear the noise, but they feel the jar, and come as if they could hear.

Next comes the mouth of the fly. The lower lip of a fly runs out into a long, slim tube or pipe. With this it sucks up its food.

At the end of this tube is a little flat plate. Close by it are two sharp hairs. These are to prick the food, so that the tube can suck it more easily.

When the fly is not eating, it can shut up this tube like a telescope, to keep it safe. Did you ever see an elephant? Did you see his trunk? The fly's tube is his trunk.

But the chief parts to notice in a fly's head are its eyes. These are so large that they make up nearly all the head.

These big bright eyes look as if they had varnish an them. Now each of these eyes is made up of a very great many small eyes. There are four thousand of these small eyes.

Between these two big eyes are three little single eyes, set in this way.

Wise men have studied the eyes of flies for many years, and do not yet know all about them.

The wings of a fly have a fine, thin, clear covering. This is held out on a tiny frame, like a network. The fly moves these wings very quickly. The motion of the wings helps to make the sound or buzz of the fly.

Now we come to the legs and feet of our fly. The leg is made in five joints. The foot also has five joints. The last joint of the foot has two claws and a little pad. These are covered with fine hairs.

The hairs catch on little points or rough edges. Thus the fly can walk, as you would say, "upside down," and does not fall. Besides, the pad and hairs act like a sucker. They suck air from under the foot. So they hold the fly from falling as he runs up a pane of glass.

33.2.147 Untitled

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

and a

SKPA

are not

R-PBLT

did the

TK-T

do the

TKO*T

is a

SA*EU

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

there are

THR-R

what are

WHAR

what is

SWHA*

you say

UBZ

Text

What is a shellfish?

What three great orders of shellfish are there?

Did you say there are many kinds?

Name some of the kinds.

What kind of shell do the fish with a head and a foot live in?

Tell me how these shellfish grow.

Tell me about the conch cradles.

Where do these fish like to live?

Why do they need to wear these hard shells?

Do they change their shells?

How, then, do they grow?

Why are not more blown ashore?

Tell me what they eat.

How do they kill and eat other shellfish?

Do all fish lay eggs?

How do shellfish eat seaweed?

What are shellfish good for?

What shellfish is most eaten?

What did the Indians make out of the shells?

Tell me about the veil, or cloak, of the shellfish.

Tell me more about the foot.

Tell me how Mr. Drill makes war.

Of what are shell and bones made?

How is Mr. Drill's tongue made?

33.2.148 Old Biddy

Selected Words

biddy

PWEUD KWREU

bread

PWRAED

crumb

KRUPL

is a

SA*EU

learn to

THROERPB

says

SEZ

she is

SHES

she says

SHEBSZ

when the

WHEPBT

will be

HR-B

Text

Our old hen Biddy likes her new chicks. She hatched them from twelve big brown eggs in her nest. The chicks will soon learn to run about. Biddy will be glad when the chicks can eat crumbs of bread. When Biddy wants to call her chicks, she says, "Cluck, cluck!" She is a good mother hen.

33.2.149 Mr. Crab and His House

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

as the

SAZ

as you

AUZ

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

gnat

TPHA*T

he can

K*E

in the

TPH-T

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

that he

THAE

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

when it

TWHEPB

while the

WHAOEULT

will be

HR-B

would be

WOB

you can

UBG

Text

The water of the sea comes and goes in tides.

Twice each day the water rises -- then it is high tide.

After each high tide the water goes back -- then it is ebb tide.

Each tide lasts six hours.

When the snow melts in the spring, or when much rain falls, the water rises high in the brook.

In the dry, hot days the water is low in the bed of the stream.

If the stream or brook were full and low twice each day, the change would be like the high and low tides of the sea.

When the tide is low, Mr. Crab digs out his house.

He scoops out the sand with his big claw.

Then he folds his claw to carry the sand, as you can carry grass or leaves on your arm.

Some kinds of crabs carry the sand in three of their feet, bent to form a basket.

Mr. Crab takes the sand to the top of his hole.

Then, with a jerk, he throws the sand into a heap.

The crab is very strong.

He can lift and carry things larger than his body.

He digs out a long hall.

He makes rooms in his house.

Then he goes with his wife to look for food.

They keep near their home.

They eat flies, gnats, ants, lady-birds, and other little insects.

They also eat seaweed.

When beach flies light on the sand or on seaweed, the crabs jump at them, and catch them as cats catch mice.

But the cats do not move so quickly as the crabs.

Mr. and Mrs. Crab put the bugs they catch into their pantry.

For six hours, while the tide is high, they stay in their house; and while they stay in the house they eat insects and seaweed they have stored away.

The crab acts as though he knew about the tide.

Knows when it will be high over his house.

He knows when it will be low, so that he can come out.

33.2.150 The Little Nest

Selected Words

and to

TAOPBD

are not

R-PBLT

as a

SA*Z

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

but it

TPWUT

center of the

STR-FT

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

down the

TKOUPBT

gets to

TKPWOETS

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is done

STKOPB

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is the

S-T

it can

T-BG

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

learn to

THROERPB

made of

PHAEFD

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

off and

SKPOF

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

out to

TPOUT

she has

SHEZ

she is

SHES

some people

SPAOEPL

to the

TOT

very well

SR-RL

Text

The web of the spider is made of two kinds of silk. The silk of the rays is smooth. The silk that goes across the rays has tiny drops of glue on it. This makes the line stick to the rays.

Mrs. Spider begins her lines at the outer edge. They are laid nearer to each other as she gets to the center of the web. When all is done, she is in the center, and does not need to walk on her new web. She has a nest near her web.

From the nest runs a line. Mrs. Spider can sit in the door of her nest, and hold the line in her claw. When a bug or fly goes on the web, the web shakes. She feels her line move. She runs down the line and gets the fly or bug, and takes it to her nest to eat.

Before she takes the prey to her nest, she kills or stuns it. Then she winds some fine web about it. She makes a neat bundle of it, and then carries it off.

You can make Mrs. Spider run down her line if you shake the web a very little with a bit of grass or stick. She will run out to see if she has caught a bee or a fly.

The nest of the spider is made of close, fine silk. It is like soft nice cloth.

In shape it is like a ball, or a horn, or a basket. Each kind of spider makes its web in the shape it likes best. In the nest the spider lays her eggs in a silk ball. The eggs, at first, are very soft. After a time they grow harder.

More than two spiders never live in a nest. Often a spider lives all alone. Spiders are often apt to bite off each other's legs. A spider can live and run when half its legs are gone. But it can get a fine new leg as a crab can.

When the baby spiders come out of the egg, they must be fed. The mother takes good care of them.

They grow fast, when they are grown, they go off and make their own webs. Sometimes the eggs are left in the silk ball all winter. The baby spiders come out in the spring.

Then the old ones are dead. But the young ones know how to hunt and to spin. The very young spiders do not have so rich a dress as the old ones. The hairs of their coat are not so thick at first.

The soft, silk-like coat, with its rich color, is the only beauty a spider has. People do not like his long legs and his round, soft, bag-like body. Still, some people who watch spiders learn to like them very well.

33.2.151 Mr. Crab and His Friends

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and a

SKPA

and he

SKPE

and the

SKP-T

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

can find

K-FPBD

glad to

TKPWHRAOD

has not

HAEPBLT

he can

K*E

in the

TPH-T

is the

S-T

limpet

HREUPL PET

of the

-FT

on that

THAOPB

on the

OPBT

so much

SOFP

that has

THAZ

that he

THAE

that is

THAS

them to

THOEUPL

while the

WHAOEULT

Text

The crab that has one large claw has many names.

Some call him the Fighting Crab, he is so cross.

Others name him the Calling Crab, because, when he runs, he holds his big claw high, as if he called, "Come! Come!"

Most people call him the Fiddler Crab, and say that his big claw is his fiddle.

I think that is the best name for him.

He can, and does, play a tune on that hand.

It is his violin, as well as his hand, his spade, and his sword.

Do you see a row of little knobs on the inner edge of his big claw?

He rubs those knobs on the edge of the shell that covers his back, and the sound is his tune.

He uses that tune to call his mate.

Mrs. Crab thinks it fine.

Mr. Crab has friends upon the beach, as well as down deep in the sand and in the water.

When he walks along the sand, he meets big flies with two wings.

He is glad to see them. Why?

They put their grubs, or young ones, in the sand, and Mr. Crab knows that he can find them to eat.

Mr. Crab also meets a great, green tiger beetle.

He does not fight him.

He knows that he shall find the beetle's grubs in the sand and eat them.

While he is digging down below, he meets a little fat, round crab, with big eyes, and a thin, gray shell.

He is glad to see him.

If the crab has not food enough to eat while the tide is high, he will creep along in the sand, and catch and kill this small crab for his dinner.

Mr. Crab also meets, deep down, long worms, green, red, or brown.

They are making houses for themselves.

He does not trouble them.

Out in the sea, Mr. Crab finds some small shellfish called limpets.

He likes them so much that he lets them live on his shell.

They take fast hold on his back, and he does not pull them off.

33.2.152 The Big Store

Selected Words

do you

TKOU

goes to

TKPWOS

hold it

THOELD

I want

EUPT

she said

SHEBS

to the

TOT

to you

TOU

tomorrow

TOEPL

want to

TWAOPBT

will be

HR-B

will you

HRU

year old

KWRAERLD

you think

UPBG

Text

Sometimes Betty goes to the big store with her mother. One day she said, "Mother, will you please take me to the store? I want to buy a toy for Ruth. She will be one year old tomorrow."

At the store Betty saw a big blue ball. "Do you think that Ruth would like that?" she asked.

"Oh, yes," said Mother. "Ruth can hold it. She may try to roll it to you."

33.2.153 A House for the Dog

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

can we

KWAOE

had a

HA

he said

HEBS

I had

H*EU

I was

EUFS

in the

TPH-T

this is

TH-S

Tim

TEUPL

what can

WHA*BG

when I

WHEU

Text

Peter had no house for his dog, so he and his father made one. He put a little bed for his dog in the house.

Then Peter said to Father, "My dog has no name, Father. What can we name him?"

"Well," said Father, "when I was a boy I had a black and white dog. His name was Tim. Let us name thinks dog Tim."

Peter liked that name. He hut Tim's name on his house and then gave him something to eat. "This is your home, Tim," he said.

33.2.154 Very Queer Spiders

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and have

SKP-F

and it

SKPEUT

and the

SKP-T

as many

SPHAEPB

as many as

SPHAEPBS

at a

T*A

at once

TWUPBS

at the

TE

back and

SKPWABG

come out

KPHOUT

could find

KOUFPBD

did not

TKEUPBLT

did you

TKU

do not

TKPHOT

for the

TP-RT

had a

HA

have not

SR-PBLT

have you

SRU

how can

HOUBG

how does

TKHOUS

I have

SREU

I think

KWREUBG

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is the

S-T

it has

T-Z

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

on this

THOPB

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

one that

TWHAUPB

out of

OUFT

take the

TAEUBGT

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

thing is

TH*EUPBGS

three times

THRAOEUPLS

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

what are

WHAR

with the

W-T

would be

WOB

you can

UBG

you could

UBGD

you ever

UFR

you would

ULD

Text

I have told you of the spider that dives. I also told you of the spider that makes a raft. The one that makes the round web is the garden spider.

There is a spider that runs on water. How can she do that? Have you seen boys dash about on ice with skates on their feet? Did you ever see a man walk on snowshoes? This spider wears shoes.

They are shoes made for walking on the water. What are they like? They are like bags of air. It is as if she had a wee toy balloon on each of her eight feet. She cannot sink.

There is one spider called a trapdoor spider. She lives in the ground. She digs a tube down, and makes her nest deep in the earth.

Then she makes a door. It is a nice door at the top of the hole. It has a hinge. It will open and shut.

It is like the lid of a box. How does she makes this? She spins a thick, round web. She fills it with earth.

Then she folds the web over, to hold the dirt in. She makes a hinge of web. This trapdoor will open and shut. It is firm and strong.

But the odd thing is, that the spider plants moss or small ferns on this door! She digs the moss up, sets it on her door, and it grows well. These trapdoor spiders eat ants and worms. When they come out of their holes, they leave the door wide open so that they can go back.

Once a man put a lady-bird at a spider's trapdoor. She took it in to eat. She found it had too hard a shell to bite. So she took it back and laid it out by her door.

Then the man put a soft grub by the door, and the spider took that to eat. She did not bring that back. She ate it.

Spiders now and then eat other spiders, but not always.

One kind of spider makes a tent of leaves. She ties the leaves down with silk. She lives in the tent and keeps her eggs there.

One garden spider makes a nest in the shape of a pear. One ties a little ball to stems of grass.

The young spiders have not their thick coats at first. Small spiders will stay by their mother and sits on her back. They act like the small chicks with the hen. Most spiders live only one year. Some live two. Some live over four.

There are some mason spiders. When a man is a mason, what does he do? In what does he work? There are mason wasps, and mason bees, and mason worms. Mason spiders makes a nest of clay.

They take the clay in small bits and build a clay mug. It is six inches long. They line it with thick silk. The door is like a box lid. It has a hinge.

Some spiders are so small you can hardly see them. One of the very wee ones is clear, bride red. Some are very big.

The big ones are black, with spots and stripes, and have thick coats like fur. If you could find a tower spider, or a trapdoor spider, and sit down to watch it build or catch its food, I think you would be happy for a whole day, or for many days. The tower spider builds over her hole a neat tower two or three inches high; she sits on her tower.

She has as many as baby spiders at once. They sit on her back for four or five weeks, until they molt two or three times. They do not fight with each other. When Mrs. Spider gets a fly or bug for the little ones to eat, she crushes it, and the baby spiders come and suck the juice, as she holds the food for them.

33.2.155 Untitled

Selected Words

and so

SAOPBD

began to

STKPWAOPB

but it

TPWUT

could not

KOPBLT

Flora

KPA TPHROEUR

had a

HA

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

she could

SHEBGD

went to

TWOEPBT

Text

One day Nell and Flora went to play with May. It began to rain, so they had a good game of hide-and-go-seek in the barn.

"I spy May," said Flora, but it was Nell with May's hat on.

May then ran to hide in the loft. She fell and sprained her wrist, and so she could not play again for days.

33.2.156 Untitled

Selected Words

and have

SKP-F

do not

TKPHOT

fun to

TPOUPB

glad to

TKPWHRAOD

going to

TKPW*GS

Hall

HA*L

have a

SRA

I am

KWRAEUPL

in the

TPH-T

is to

STO

Ross

ROS

to the

TOT

Tony

TOEPB KWREU

you can

UBG

you do

TKO*U

Text

See the flag flap in the wind. I am glad to clap my hands at it and shout, "Hurrah!"

The boys are going to march today. David Ross is to carry the flag, while I beat my drum, and Tony Hall blows on his tin horn. It is good fun to march and keep step to the music.

Betsy, while I am at play, you can take my sled and have a ride on it; but take care you do not slip off.

33.2.157 A Look at a Housefly

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and are

SKP-R

and can

SKP-BG

and the

SKP-T

and to

TAOPBD

are not

R-PBLT

are the

R-T

as soon as

S-PBS

as you

AUZ

at a

T*A

change is

SKHAEUPBG

come out

KPHOUT

from a

TPRA*

from the

TPR-T

have a

SRA

how it

THOU

in a

TPHA*EU

in each

TPHAOEFP

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is an

SA*PB

is not

S-PBLT

it can

T-BG

it has

T-Z

learned that

THRAERPBD

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

now the

TPHOUT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

one that

TWHAUPB

one time

WAOEUPL

ready to

TKRAOE

some of

SPHOF

that has

THAZ

then the

THEPBT

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

these are

THAOERS

to be

TOB

when it

TWHEPB

which will

KH-L

will be

HR-B

will say

HR-BZ

you do

TKO*U

you will

HR*U

Text

Look at a worm crawling about on the earth. Then look at a fly with blue or green body and thin wings. See how it whirls in the air! You will say, "These two are not at all alike."

Yes there is one time in a fly's life when it is very like a worm.

For this reason many wise people set flies and worms next to each other when they study them.

You know, as soon as you look at a fly, that it is an insect.

You have learned that an insect has wings, six legs, a body in three parts, and a pair of feelers like horns. Insects breathe through all the body, and not by lungs as you do. They have a row of holes in each side to breathe through.

The life of an insect passes through three states. These are the egg, the grub or worm, and the pupa. When it is in the pupa it gets legs and wings. The word "pupa" means baby or doll. There are some kinds of insects that vary in some of these points. The fly is one that varies from this rule.

If you look at a fly, you will see that it has two wings, not four. It is not one of the hook-wings.

Many insects can fold their wings. The fly cannot fold its wings; it lays them back over its body.

Let us first look at a fly when it is most like an earthworm. The fly comes, in the first place, from a tiny egg laid by the mother fly.

When the egg opens, the baby fly isn't like a fly, but like a little earthworm, both in its looks and in the way in which it is made. It is a small white worm with rings, and on the rings are hooks.

If you wish to watch this change, lay a bit of meat in the sun on a hot day. Soon flies will lay eggs on it.

The next day these eggs will be turned to grubs, which grow very fast. The fly's eggs are small and white, and are put upon the meat as if they had been planted on one end.

The worm of the fly has a pair of jaws like hooks. It has two little dots which will become eyes when it has grown to a fly. In the hooked jaws and these eye-points it is not like an earthworm.

The fly grub eats and grows. Then its skin gets tough and hard, and forms a little case like a barrel. This shuts the worm in it, as in a coffin. Now the baby fly seems to be dead.

But it is not dead. It is turning into a creature that has wings and legs, and can fly and walk.

As the fly lies in its case, first the legs and then the wings grow. It gets a head with mouth, eyes, and a trunk or tube, and from a poor worm it turns to a wonder, as you will see.

But in its little coffin it is shut close, and its legs and wings are all bent up. In a few days the change is made. Now it is ready to come out.

It moves, and pulls, and gets free from the hard case. Then it strikes the end of the case with its head time after time. At last it breaks the case open, and out comes the fly!

Then it stands in the air, and in the sun if it can, and shakes itself. It is cold and weak; but the air dries its wings and blows out the wrinkles.

In a very few minutes the fly is strong and gay.

Then it spreads its wings and sails off to enjoy its life, and to look for something good to eat.

33.2.158 Baby Birds

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

at once

TWUPBS

before

PW-FR

for the

TP-RT

fun to

TPOUPB

has to

THAOS

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

he has

HEZ

in a

TPHA*EU

lots of

HROFTS

one of

WUFPB

she would

SHELD

would have

WOUF

Text

A little brown bird makes her home in a tree by our door. It is fun to watch her.

One day we saw four little brown eggs. The mother sat on her eggs for many days. At last she had four babies.

Now she would have to work!

Baby birds want lots of food. All day long the mother works to feed them. A baby bird eats and eats. The birds will grow big and fat before they fly away.

The father bird helps to feed the babies, too. He brings something nice to one of them, which eats it at once. Off he has to go to get something nice for the other three.

Food, food, food! Baby birds eat all day long!

33.2.159 The Story of Mr. Conch

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and a

SKPA

and he

SKPE

and is

SKP-S

and the

SKP-T

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

as you

AUZ

at the

TE

do not

TKPHOT

four times

TPRAOEUPLS

from the

TPR-T

great many

TKPWRAEPL

he can

K*E

he has

HEZ

he wants

HEPTS

how does

TKHOUS

in a

TPHA*EU

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

it has

T-Z

no one

TPHOEUPB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

part of the

PAFRT

them to

THOEUPL

to the

TOT

very, very

SRE SRE

when the

WHEPBT

where he

WRE

will not

HR-PBLT

you would

ULD

Text

The conch or winkle does not like to live in sand, or on hard rock. He likes deep water, where he has some sand and some rock. When the wind blows, and the sea is very rough, he digs his stout foot into the sand near a stone, and holds fast. Then he will not drift on shore.

If he is cast on the shore, he will die. Mr. Conch cannot live out of water.

Mrs. Conch likes some soft sand for a bed for her babes in their queer cradles.

What does Mr. Conch eat?

He eats other shellfish. He likes to eat oysters. How does he get them?

He goes off to the oyster beds.

He likes the nice young oysters. He picks one up with his foot. You see he uses his foot for a hand as well as for a door. He can spread his foot out very wide. It is very, very strong.

When he has the oyster in his grip, he draws his foot close, as you would shut your hand tight. That breaks up the shell of the oyster. Then Mr. Conch sucks up the oyster at his ease.

The men who own oyster beds do not like hem, for he eats many oysters.

Mr. Conch lives a great many years. No one can hurt him in his hard house, and he has all he wants to eat.

His shell is the shape of a large pear, it has a little point at the top, and a long end like a stem. The stem end has a groove in it. His shell has a turn or twist in it, three or four times round. It of a sand-color, or pale yellow, outside.

Some shells have dark stripes. Inside, the shell is very smooth, and shines, and is of a fine, bright red, or pink, or yellow. It is a very pretty shell.

How does the conch grow? The conch grows from an egg. Most fish lay eggs. The eggs of the conch are in a string. They are left lying on the sand to grow.

What is the conch good for? In some places people like them to eat. Fish and crabs eat the conchs' eggs and the young conference. The shells are made into buttons and breast-pins.

The Indians used to make money from the pink part of these shells. They also used the purple part of the round clamshell for money.

33.2.160 Untitled

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

Collie

KPA KOL AO*E

do you

TKOU

on this

THOPB

she was

SHEFS

that she

STHAE

you think

UPBG

Text

Here is little Bo-Peep. See her crook beside her. She was so tired with watching her sheep that she sank down on this soft green bank.

What do you think she did? Why, she fell asleep. Sleep! Sleep! Little Bo-Peep! The sheep are taking a drink, and the good dog Collie is watching them.

33.2.161 The Brown Cow

Selected Words

and so

SAOPBD

and was

SKP-FS

bossy

PWOS SEU

he can

K*E

I can

AOEUBG

I will

KWREUL

is a

SA*EU

out to

TPOUT

she was

SHEFS

that I

THAEU

the two

TWOT

were the

WR-T

when the

WHEPBT

will you

HRU

Text

Jack is a big boy. He can milk a cow. One day when Father was away, Mother said, "Jack, will you milk for me today?"

"I will milk all three cows," said Jack.

Jack ran out to see Bossy. She was a big brown cow and was Jack's pet.

"Be good, Bossy," said Jack, "so that I can milk you."

Bossy was good that day, and so were the two black and white cows. When the boy had milked the three cows, he took the milk to his mother.

33.2.162 Untitled

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

and can

SKP-BG

at the

TE

she has

SHEZ

them to

THOEUPL

will be

HR-B

with the

W-T

Text

These little ones are at the lake shore. Rose has her spade in her hand. She has some shells and stones in her little basket.

They will take them to poor Bess. Bess is ill in bed, but she will be able to sit up soon, and can amuse herself with the shells.

33.2.163 The Spider and His Dress

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and is

SKP-S

and the

SKP-T

and to

TAOPBD

as a

SA*Z

as it

TAZ

as large as

SHRARPBLGS

as the

SAZ

at once

TWUPBS

before the

PW-FRT

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

four times

TPRAOEUPLS

from the

TPR-T

have a

SRA

have the

SR-T

he has

HEZ

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

instead of

STPHEFD

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is also

SHR-S

is an

SA*PB

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

it has

T-Z

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

made of

PHAEFD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

part of the

PAFRT

that has

THAZ

the two

TWOT

them to

THOEUPL

then the

THEPBT

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

this the

TH-T

to be

TOB

to feel

TOFL

very much

SR-FP

what are

WHAR

what is

SWHA*

when it

TWHEPB

will be

HR-B

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

Flies, wasps, bees and ants are insects. Insects have six legs, and their bodies have three parts. An insect is at first a tiny egg. From the egg comes a grub, and the grub turns to a full-grown wasp, or fly, or bee.

Then it first gets its legs and wings, and comes out of its cell or case, it is as large as it ever will be. Insects do not grow after they get wings. The small fly does not grow to a big fly, nor the small bee to a big bee. The first size they have when they come out is the size that they keep.

The spider is an insect of another kind. It lays eggs, and out of the eggs come little spiders. They grow to be big ones. The spider changes its size, it grows. It molts its skin.

The body of the insect is hard, and is made in rings. It cannot pull its coat off to get bigger, as a crab can.

The spider's body is soft. Its skin is tough; it changes its skin often when it is very young.

The spider has eight legs instead of six, and most spiders have eight eyes. The spider's body is in two parts. The poison is not in a sting in the tail. It is in the base of the two jaws.

The spiders are somewhat like crabs; somewhat like other insects, as the daddy-long-legs. The real daddy-long-legs is a fly with long legs. A spider that has just such legs is also called a daddy-long-legs.

The front part of the spider's body is not so large as the hind part. The front part has all the eight legs and the head.

The spider has no wings, but he has two small front legs, or hands, with five joints. He uses them to feel with, and to take his food.

You will see on the head of the spider two short fangs. They are its jaws. They have the poison in them. They are used to bite.

The claws on the eight feet of a spider are very much like a lion's claw. The claws have a brush of hairs on them.

The spider can walk up a wall. The brush on his feet will not let him drop off. He uses his legs to jump and to walk, and to guide his thread when he spins.

Spiders spin webs. The hind part of the spider is large and round. It has six small, round tubes. Each of these tubes is made of many very small tubes. What are they for? They are to spin this web. What is the web?

In the tube is a kind of glue. When it is drawn out into the air, it gets hard. It is then a fine silk, and as it comes out it is woven into a net which we call a web. All spiders spin webs.

Spiders are of all colors. Their dress is like velvet. It is black, brown, red, and gold. It is in stripes and spots. The spider is like a king in his rich dress.

The eight eyes of the spider cannot move. They are set so that they can see every way at once.

While the spider is growing, he pulse off his dress as Mr. Crab does. The crab's bones are his coat. The spider has no bones, but his skin is hard and tough, and before the baby spiders are two months old, they shed their coats three or four times.

We say they molt when they do this. They spin a bit of line to take firm hold of. Then the skin on the front past of the body first contraction open; then after this the skin on the hind part falls off; and by hard kicks they get their legs free.

The new skin is fine and soft but so grows firm and tough.

33.2.164 Do You Know?

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

are not

R-PBLT

cover the

TKOUFRBT

do you

TKOU

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

is a

SA*EU

larger

HRAERPBLG

may not

PHAEUPBT

remember

RER

rubber

RAOURB

than the

THAPBT

that is

THAS

toe

TO*E

wear

WAER

when it

TWHEPB

when you

WHU

you know

KWRAOUPB

you should

URBD

Text

Do you know that your feet are not just alike? One foot is a little larger than the other. That is why you should try to both shoes when you buy a new pair. Shoes must fit well. If they are too small, your toes may not grow straight. Boys and girls should always wear shoes with flat heels. When it is cold, and snow and ice cover the ground, a boot with a high top is good for boys. If it is raining, remember your rubbers.

33.2.165 Untitled

Selected Words

I have

SREU

I want

EUPT

Leon

HRAOE O*PB

want it

TWAPBT

when I

WHEU

Text

This ring was a gift from Leon. I mended the rent in his gloves for him.

A burn is apt to hurt; so don't play with fire. Many children have died from very bad burns. Keep away from fire.

I have made a dented in blade of my knife. I want it now to peel the rind from this lemon. When I have done I must wipe it dry, or it will soon be rusty.

33.2.166 Untitled

Selected Words

do is

STKO

Fido

TPAOEU TKOE

he can

K*E

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

on the

OPBT

she can

SHEBG

this is

TH-S

to be

TOB

up and

SKPUP

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

This is Mary and Fido.

Mary is a good girl, and Fido is a good dog.

He will not bite you.

Fido likes to be with Mary.

She is kind to him.

She has a book in her lap.

Her hand is on the book.

Can Mary read?

Yes, she can read well.

She is not a very little girl.

Can Fido read?

O no! But he can sit up and look wise.

33.2.167 The Bear Sleeps All Winter

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and all

SKPAUL

and he

SKPE

as much

SPHUFP

as much as

SPHUFPS

bear

PWAER

did not

TKEUPBLT

every day

*EFRD

for the

TP-RT

he could

HEBGD

he wanted

HEPTD

he was

EFS

it was

T-FS

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

much as

PHUFPS

to be

TOB

very, very

SRE SRE

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

went into

TPWHAOEPBT

went to

TWOEPBT

would be

WOB

Text

It was cold. Winter was coming, and soon it would be time for the bear's long sleep.

He had been eating good food for some time. Every day now he ate as much as he could because he wanted to be fat when he went into his winter home.

One night it was very, very cold, and before morning, snow fell. The bear went into his home. He was fat and happy, and he went to sleep on a bed of grass.

Soon more snow fell, and all the days and nights were cold. But the bear did not know it.

Have a nice long sleep, Black Bear! I hope you don't get up too soon!

33.2.168 What am I?

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and I

SKPEU

Bertie

PWERT AO*E

brothers and sisters

great many

TKPWRAEPL

I am

KWRAEUPL

in a

TPHA*EU

to the

TOT

Text

I am round.

I live in a little brown house.

My house is hard and has no windows or doors.

I used to live in a tree with a great many brothers and sisters.

Jack Frost gave me a nip and I fell to the ground.

Bertie Field found me and put me in his pocket.

33.2.169 Untitled

Selected Words

am not

PH-PBLT

did you

TKU

do not

TKPHOT

first time

TPEURT

I am

KWRAEUPL

I have

SREU

I know

KWR-PB

is the

S-T

this is

TH-S

what is

SWHA*

who was

WHOFS

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

"O dear! O dear!" cried May.

"What is the matter, little girl?" said a man, who was passing.

"I fell and tore my skirt."

"Did you hurt yourself?"

"No, sir, I am not hurt, but this is the first time I have worn this skirt, and now it is spoiled," and poor May burst out crying again.

"Well, well, little one, do not cry," said the man, "that will not mend your dress, but I know that mother can."

33.2.170 The Uses of Crabs

Selected Words

and all

SKPAUL

and so

SAOPBD

and the

SKP-T

do you

TKOU

do you ever

TKOUFR

great many

TKPWRAEPL

hard to

THAORD

he has

HEZ

how long

HOUPBG

how often

HOUFPB

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

see it

STAOE

so fast

SOFZ

so many

SOEPL

so much

SOFP

that are

THAR

that he

THAE

that would

THALD

that you

THAU

there are

THR-R

they can

THEBG

they say

THEBZ

things are

THREUPBGS

things that

THAEUPBGS

to the

TOT

you could

UBGD

you ever

UFR

Text

How often does Mr. Crab get a new coat? His coat does not wear out.

But it gets too small. Then he changes it to get a larger one.

The baby grows fast. You seem to see it grow.

You grow fast. They say it is hard to keep you in clothes.

You cannot wear the coat you had last year. But your papa can wear his coat for many years.

He will tell you that he has done growing.

It is so with a crab.

When he is very young, he grows fast. He needs a new shell very often.

When he is older, he grows more slowly. Then he gets a new coat every spring.

At last he does not grow any more. He keeps the same shell, year after year.

It gets very hard and thick, and loses its bright color. Very often it is nearly covered with limpets.

They fasten their flat or pointed shells to the crab's back, and stay there. I cannot tell you just how long a crab lives.

Of what use is a crab? Have all things a use?

Yes. God made all things; and all things are of use.

Sometimes we cannot find out the use. Crabs are good for food.

Some kinds are eaten by men, as fish and oysters are eaten. Birds eat a great many crabs.

Some birds almost live on them. Fish eat many crabs.

There are many kinds of crabs so small that you could hardly see them. Fish feed on them.

Men catch and eat the fish. Crabs help to keep the sea and the seashore clean.

Crabs are greedy. They eat nearly all kinds of dead things that would spoil and make a bad smell if left on the sand.

They eat dead fish, dead animals that are thrown into the sea, and grubs, flies, and worms. Do you ever see men going about to clean the streets?

The crabs help to keep clean the sea and the shore. There are so many crabs, and they eat so much, and so fast, that they can clean away much of the dead stuff that lies on the shore.

33.2.171 Mr. Worm and His Family

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and are

SKP-R

and he

SKPE

and you

SKPU

are the

R-T

can feel

K-FL

can you

KU

full of

TPUFL

he can

K*E

he has

HEZ

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

made of

PHAEFD

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

shut up

SHUP

so fast

SOFZ

take the

TAEUBGT

than the

THAPBT

that has

THAZ

that he

THAE

that you

THAU

the two

TWOT

to the

TOT

we say

WEBZ

what can

WHA*BG

which are

KH-R

you can

UBG

you could

UBGD

you say

UBZ

Text

One day I saw a boy making a hole in the ground, and he dug out a worm.

I said to the boy, "What can you tell me about worms?"

The boy said, "Worms are long, soft things, alike at both ends. If you cut one in two, each end goes off, and makes a whole new worm. They have no heads and no feet and no feelings, and are no good but for fish bait."

That boy thought he knew all about worms. But really he knew very little about them. All that he had told me was wrong.

Worms belong to the great class of ringed, or jointed, animals. These creatures have bodies made in rings or joints.

Let us take a careful look at our humble friends, the earthworm.

He is a long, round, soft, dark, slimy thing, and you say, "He is alike at both ends."

Is he? Let us see. His body is made of from one hundred to two hundred rings. These rings are smaller toward the two ends of the body, which are the head and tail.

Each ring has on it tiny hooks, too small for you to see. These hooks take the place of the jointed feet that his cousins have. The feed on a caterpillar will show you about how these hooks would look, if you could see them.

By these hooks the worm moves along, and digs his way in the ground. Mr. Worm can hold so fast to his den or hole, that you have hard work to pull him out.

Have you seen Mr. Robin brace his feet and tug with all his might, when he pulse out a worm? The worm is holding fast by his hooks.

You see the hooks are Mr. Worm's feet. Let us now look for his head. You have five senses. You can hear, see, feel, smell, taste. The worm can feel and taste. Some think he can smell some things. He cannot see or hear.

Why do we say he has a head, if he has no eyes nor ears nor nose? We say he has a head because he has a mouth and a brain.

His mouth has two lips. The upper lip is larger than the under. He has no teeth. In the back of his head, not far from his mouth, is his brain, or nerve center.

The worm is the only jointed animal that has red blood. Mr. Worm is dark-colored because his body is full of the earth which he swallows.

If you keep him out of the earth for a while, his skin will get pale and clear. Then you can see his red blood run in two long veins. He needs fresh air to keep this red blood pure. He dies very soon if he is shut up in a close box or case.

33.2.172 A Swarm of Flies

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

All right

HRAOEURBLT

and so

SAOPBD

and you

SKPU

as you

AUZ

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

can you

KU

from the

TPR-T

has not

HAEPBLT

have said

SR-BS

have you

SRU

hold it

THAOELD

hold it

THOELD

how does

TKHOUS

I can

AOEUBG

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is the

S-T

it has

T-Z

made of

PHAEFD

no one

TPHOEUPB

number of

TPHUFPL

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one and

SKPWUPB

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

over it

TOEFR

said that

STHAEUD

she is

SHES

so long

SHROPBG

that the

THAT

that you

THAU

them to

THOEUPL

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

they were

THERP

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

you can

UBG

you would

ULD

Text

Have you heard people speak of swarms of flies? By a swarm of flies we mean a great number of flies rather near together. By a swarm of bees we mean a number of bees that live and work in one place. A swarm of bees divides the work of its hive. It has one queen bee. She is the mother and ruler of the rest. But flies have no home where they live in common. They have no work. They have no one mother or queen, for whom the rest work. Each mother fly drops her eggs where it seems best to her. Then she goes off. She leaves her children to grow as best they can.

I have said that the fly likes best to place her eggs on a piece of fresh meat.

These eggs soon turn to worms or grubs, and so spoil the meat. To keep the meat from the flies the cook puts a cover over it. The cover is often made of wire net.

"Now," says the cook, "I can keep away that dirty fly."

But Mrs. Fly says, "Oh, can you, Mrs. Cook?" We will see about that."

So Mrs. Fly sits on top of the wire cover. She puts her little egg tube through one of the fine holes in the net. She drops egg after egg from the tube. The eggs fall right on the meat, just where Mrs. Fly wishes them to be.

Then the cook cries out, "How ever did that fly get to my meat!"

Is it not strange that Mrs. Fly knows that her egg tube is the right size to go through the mesh of the wire net? How does she know that the eggs will fall on the meat?

Flies do another queer thing. If many flies are in a room, and you begin to chase them to kill them, they hide. They creep into holes and cracks. They hide in curtains. They go behind pictures. After the hunt is over, out they come, one by one!

Flies also know how to sham death,--"play dead," you would say.

If you hit one and make it fall, it will lie very still, and seems to be dead. Then, after a little, it softly spreads out its legs and its wings. Then it shakes itself. A moment more, off it goes.

This fashion of making believe to be dead does not belong to flies only. Nearly all insects, and many other animals sham death.

It is worthwhile to watch and see how well they do it.

When a fly is killed other flies come to eat up its body. They put their trunks or mouth tubes on the dead fly and begin to suck.

Soon the body is sucked dry of all its juice. It is only a dry shell.

I will tell you something that you can do with a dead fly. If it has not been dead so long that it has grown too stiff you can make the wings move. Hold it by the body. Gently tip up one wing. As you lift up one wing the other will rise too. They move together. It is as if they were set on a little spring.

33.2.173 Mr. Earthworm at Home

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and be

SKP-B

and have

SKP-F

and so

SAOPBD

and the

SKP-T

and you

SKPU

as small as

SPHAULS

as you

AUZ

at once

TWUPBS

at the

TE

back to

TPWAOBG

because it

TPWAUS

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

can feel

KHROUP

close up

KHROUP

do not

TKPHOT

early morning

ERPBLG

earth is

S*ERT

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

great deal

TKPWRAEL

he has

HEZ

he said

HEBS

how the

HOUT

I have

SREU

if the

TP-T

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

instead of

STPHEFD

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is also

SHR-S

is it

ST

is not

S-PBLT

is that

STHA

is the

S-T

is to

STO

it can

T-BG

it feels

T-FLS

it has

T-Z

likely to

THRAOEULG

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

may find

PHAEUFPBD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

off and

SKPOF

out and

SKPOUT

see it

STAOE

sense of

SEFPBS

she would

SHELD

should be

SHOB

so much

SOFP

so the

SOT

that he

THAE

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

these are

THAOERS

they do

TKHOE

they were

THERP

this is

TH-S

to find

TOFPBD

to its

TOEUTS

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

up and

SKPUP

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

we say

WEBZ

what the

WHA*T

when it

TWHEPB

when the

WHEPBT

when you

WHU

where is

WR-S

will be

HR-B

will find

HR-FPBD

will go

HR*G

would not

WOPBLT

you should

URBD

you will

HR*U

Text

I told you the earthworm has two veins. One runs down his back, the other runs along the under side of his body.

There are tiny holes, like pinpricks, in his body. These are for the air to reach his blood, to keep it red and pure.

In his body poor Mr. Worm has something that no other creature has. He has two bags or sacks for lime. This is in some way to help him with his food.

Mr. Worm has no teeth with which to grind his food. He has inside his body small bits of stone. These are as small as grains of sand. There are instead of teeth to grind his food.

When you study birds you will find that, like Mr. Worm, they have no teeth. They, too, carry little millstones inside their bodies.

The little bags of lime help to grind or change the worm's food in some way, not yet well known.

The soft body of the worm will stretch like India rubber. It will hold a great deal of food.

Now you see that Mr. Worm is not alike at both ends. One end has the head, the stomach, the parts that serve for a brain, and a heart.

The hooks begin at the fourth ring behind the head. Look at the worm when he lifts his head, and you will see his mouth.

The tail has very strong hooks with which to hold fast to his cell. This tail end is also his trowel, or mould, a tool with which this poor, ugly worm helps to build the world.

Ah! Now I have told you a great thing, a strange thing. Is it true that the feeble, useless worm helps to build the world? Where is that boy who knew so much about worms?

But before you hear how the worm helps to build the world, let us go back to what the boy said. He said, "If you cut the worm in two, each end will go off and be a whole worm."

That is not true of the worm. When the worm is cut in two, the parts do not die at once. As there are hooks and rings on each part, they each can move off.

It is thought that if the forepart is left safe, the cut can close up, and the worm can still live. A new tail may grow upon the front part, as Mr. Crab's new claw or eye-peg grows.

But the hind part cannot live or grow. It cannot get a new mouth or heart, so it can take no food, and have no blood. So the hind part soon dries up and dies.

The boy told me that the worm "had no feelings." A worm can feel. The sense of touch is the best sense it has. Put your finger on its body, and see it move and shrink.

The worm cannot hear. It moves off as you come near, because it feels the jar of the earth.

The worm cannot see. Creatures that live under ground have but little use for eyes. Fishes that live in dark cave rivers have no eyes.

If the worm moves from the light and hides from it, it is because it feels the action of light on its skin. It does not see the light.

What does Mr. Worm eat? Some tell you that he eats dirt. It is true that he fills his body full of earth. That is to carry it to the top of the ground. Mr. Crab has claws and legs to bend into the shape of a basket. Poor Mr. Worm has no arms, legs, or claws, so he must make a basket of himself.

Suppose you should be sent for fruit, and turn yourself into a basket in that way! Your mamma might find fault. She would not wish you to act like a worm.

It is true that the worm may find a little food in the earth which he swallows. But the chief food of the worm is dead leaves and stems of plants. It does not care for fresh, live leaves and stems and roots.

The worm also likes meat,--fat, raw, or cooked. Worms will gnaw or suck the bodies of dead worms. We say worms gnaw. As they have no teeth, they do not really gnaw. The pinch off what they eat.

Worms like onions and cabbage best of all food. They like water, and must live in damp placeses.

When the worm gets food into its mouth, the rings of its body begin to move out and in. They look as if they were opening and shutting. By this motion they press the food down into the body.

When the worm want to move, it stretches out its body to its full length. Then it takes hold of the earth with its hooks. Next it draws up its body, and so moves on. This is a wave-like motion, you see.

Watch it, and you will see that it travels with a motion like waves.

If you wish to find worms to study, you must seek for them in early morning or late in the evening. You will be likely to find them when all the earth is moist with dew, or when it is raining.

Worms hurry to the surface of the soil to enjoy the falling rain. When there is a long, dry time, the worms go down deeper and deeper into the earth. You cannot find them when you dig for them.

33.2.174 Untitled

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

down the

TKOUPBT

I see

STPHAOE

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

on the

OPBT

she is

SHES

so much

SOFP

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

Mamma, may Ella and I run down the garden path to meet aunt Ida? We will not go on the grass. I see aunt coming past the last elm tree. Yes, go, Emma, and help carry her basket; it seems heavy, and Auntie must be tired.

I see Ann Ray; she is afraid to come into the yard. She hears the dog bark. Run fast, and ask her to come past the dog. He will not bite; he is chained.

It is a real task to make Trip stop his noise; he likes to bark so much.

33.2.175 How Jack Has Fun

Selected Words

at least

THRAOEFT

from a

TPRA*

have the

SR-T

he can

K*E

he says

HEBSZ

hit it

THEUT

I have

SREU

of a

AEUF

Text

The leader of a team always chooses Jack for his side. Jack is healthy and strong. He likes a good game. He can throw a ball or hit it farther than any other boy. He is always fair.

Jack can hang by his niece from a bar. He can pull himself up a rope hand over hand.

Jack drinks a glass of milk with every meal. He washes his hands with soap and combs his hair before he eats. He keeps his skin clean by taking a bath at least twice a week. He says, "I try to keep well, for then I have the most fun."

33.2.176 Untitled

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

did you

TKU

in the

TPH-T

one of

WUFPB

out of

OUFT

run to

TOURPB

she can

SHEBG

she has

SHEZ

what she

SWHAE

you ever

UFR

Text

Did you ever see a rabbit?

Some rabbits are tame and some are wild.

Wild rabbits live in the woods.

Mary Gray has three tame rabbits. One of them is as white as snow.

She is very fond of her pets. She calls them, "Bunny, bunny, bunny; come, bunny."

Then they run to her to see what she has for them.

She gives them clover to eat.

They eat it out of her hand.

They are not afraid. She can take them up in her lap.

How soft and smooth the rabbit's fur feels!

What long ears they have!

33.2.177 Old Ned and His Garden

Selected Words

and he

SKPE

are the

R-T

at the

TE

he has

HEZ

I've been

AOEUFB

in the

TPH-T

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

lots of

HROFTS

more than

PH-RPB

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

think of

THEUF

Text

Old Ned lives at the foot of the hill in the small brown house. In his big garden is almost every kind of flower. He keeps bees, too. Those funny looking white boxes are the homes of Ned's bees. There must be more than a hundred of them.

I've been down to Ned's place lots of times. He has all kinds of interesting things for a boy to see. The other day he gave me a bird's nest, and he knew what bird had made that nest.

Old Ned takes us boys fishing every Saturday. One day I caught a big fish and then lost it. Old Ned gave me one of his -- think of that!

33.2.178 Untitled

Selected Words

azure

AZ AOUR

do you

TKOU

do you mean

TKOUPL

from the

TPR-T

has been

HAB

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

it was

T-FS

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

made of

PHAEFD

of the

-FT

pleasure in

TPHR*ERB

sense of

SEFPBS

to the

TOT

to you

TOU

which the

KH-T

you mean

KWRAOUPL

Text

Rouge is a kind of fine, red paint.

The sense of sight is called vision.

That box has been a great treasure.

I have much pleasure in knowing that it was been so useful to you.

My fan is of an azure hue. What do you mean by "azure"? The word "azure" means blue -- the color of the sky.

What is wax made of? Wax is made by the little bees. The house in which the bees live in called a hive. They make the comb of wax, and fasten it to the sides of the hive, and in the comb they put the sweet honey from the flowers.

33.2.179 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and so

SAOPBD

are not

R-PBLT

do not

TKPHOT

haul

HA*UL

is not

S-PBLT

Lena

HRAOE TPHA

Rex

R*EBGS

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

An ox is very strong. Oxen pull heavy loads and so are of use to hen.

My cousin Rex can drive oxen, and haul wood and hay.

A fox can run faster than an ox. Foxes are of no use; they are not bigger than a dog, and catch ducks and geese.

Charles, do not vex Lena. It is not right to vex a little child and make it cry. Give Lena the six nuts, and put them in her box. Then she will not cry.

33.2.180 The Ant’s Home

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

able to

TAOEUBL

all the

AULT

as you

AUZ

begins to

STKPWOEUPBS

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

have been

SR-B

have had

SR-D

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

in the

TPH-T

is the

S-T

is too

STAO

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

made of

PHAEFD

much as

PHUFPS

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

part of the

PAFRT

she can

SHEBG

she has

SHEZ

that is

THAS

that she

STHAE

they would

THELD

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

very many

SR-RPL

where the

W-RT

will not

HR-PBLT

would be

WOB

you would

ULD

Text

Ants live in nests, made in the earth. We call them ant-hills, from the shape of the part that is above ground. It is the queen ant who begins to build the ant-hill.

Like the mother wasp, the ant works on her nest until enough ants grow up to do all the work. After that, like the queen bee, she does no work. The work ants will not allow her to go from home.

When the ant finds a place for her home, she takes off her wings. They would be in her way while she worked. Then she begins to dig. She acts at first much as your dog does when he digs after a chipmunk or a rabbit.

The ants lace her big head close to the ground. With her fore-feet she digs up the soil, and tosses it back between her hind legs. She digs as her cousin, Mrs. Wasp, digs.

She keeps waving her little feelers, as if to find out the kind of soil. Soon she has a hole deep enough to cover her body. It is too deep for her to throw out the dirt with her feet. Now she uses her feet, and her jaws, also, to do with.

She rolls and moulds the earth into little balls. She carries each ball out. Where the soil is sandy, she takes it out, grain by grain. At first, she must back out of her hole. Soon her hallway is so wide that she can turn about after she has backed a few steps.

Ants are very kind to each other in their work. If they push or tread on each other in their haste, they never fight about it.

The ants know how to work and how to rest. After a little hard work they stop, clean their bodies, take some food, and sleep.

As the making of the hall goes on, the ants bite off with their jaws bits of dirt, and roll them up with their feet. They soon use the hind part of the body to press and push the earth into a firm ball.

When the hall is two or three inches long, they make a room. The rooms are for eggs, for larvae, for pupae, and for food.

People who have studied much about ants have had them build nests in glass jars. Thus they have been able to see how they work.

To make a room, the ants often have to stand on their behind legs, and bite the earth off, as they reach up their heads. Sometimes the ant lies on its side, to clean off or smooth the side wall. They have been seen at work, lying on their backs, as men do in mines.

The jaws of the ant have tiny teeth. In old work ants the teeth are often quite worn off.

The feet and squaws of the ant are well made for digging. The feet have small hairs. By the aid of these the ants can run up a piece of glass, or hang on a wall, as you would say, "upside down."

An ant-hill is made of very many little halls and rooms. Some open into each other; some do not. The rooms are bedrooms, nurseries, pantries and dining-rooms.

Many of the rooms are shaped like a horseshoe. Some are round.

The ants press and knead the floors and walls to make them hard and smooth. Sometimes they line them with a sticky soil, like paste, to keep the earth from falling in.

Some ants seem to make a kind of glue, or varnish, with which they line their walls.

33.2.181 The Lame Crow

Selected Words

did not

TKEUPBLT

do you

TKOU

gate

GAET

Howe

HO*U

it was

T-FS

of the

-FT

road

RAOD

there was

THR-FS

to the

TOT

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

when the

WHEPBT

where he

WRE

you are

R*U

you want

UPBT

Text

One day Mr. Howe found a baby crow with a broken leg. It was by the side of the gate near the road. Mr. Howe held the crow in his hand. It blinked its round eyes and flapped its wings.

Mr. Howe did not want the baby crow to die. He tide its leg with a splint and some string. Soon the crow could stand on one leg and watch Mr. Howe. When the leg was well, Mr. Howe took the crow to the place where he had found it. He thought it might fly away. But when he got home, there was the crow.

"Well," said Mr. Howe with a laugh. "Here you are again! Do you want to live with us?"

33.2.182 Untitled

Selected Words

Annie

APB AO*E

he think

HEPBG

I will

KWREUL

in the

TPH-T

is this

STH

on the

OPBT

out to

TPOUT

Rose

RO*ES

Rosy

RO*ES KWREU

to find

TOFPBD

who is

WHOS

you are

R*U

Text

Who is this girl in the hammock?

It is Annie Gray.

She came out with her best doll to swing.

She said, "Now, Rosy, I will put you to sleep. You are tired."

But Annie put herself to sleep, Rosy fell out.

Little dog Tip came out to find Annie.

He saw Rosy on the ground, and ran off with her.

Why did Tip do that?

Did he think Rosy would catch cold on the ground?

33.2.183 Good Things to Eat

Selected Words

city

STEU

is the

S-T

pumpkin

PUPL KIPB

sunshine

SUPB SHAO*EUPB

that is

THAS

things to

THOEUPBGS

things to the

THOEUPBGTS

to the

TOT

yum

KWR*UPL

Text

We grow much good food on our farm. Our plants have plenty of sunshine and rain. We take some things to the city to sell. Soon cold weather will come. That is the time when we must gather our pumpkins and corn and store them away. Jack says, "Pumpkin pie! Yum! Yum!"

33.2.184 More Fun than the Zoo

Selected Words

at the

TE

Henry

HEPB REU

hit it

THEUT

in a

TPHA*EU

into the

TPHAOT

Jim

SKWR*EUPL

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

there were

THR-RP

this is

TH-S

tiny

TOEUPB

when the

WHEPBT

Text

One day Jim and Henry found a nest by the fence. A low bush almost hit it from sight. Jim moved a leaf and peeped inside. He saw five tiny eggs. The next day the mother bird was on the nest. She flew off when the boys came near, but she stayed close by. In a few days there were five baby birds. The boys watched the mother bird drop a worm into the big mouth of one of her babies.

"Maybe we won't scare the mother bird if we don't say a word," said Henry. "This is more fun than looking at birds in a cage at the zoo."

33.2.185 Untitled

Selected Words

in a

TPHA*EU

them to

THOEUPL

they could

THEBGD

to the

TOT

Text

Sam White took Fred down to the river to see a whale. when they got there, they found a big flat stone which Sam had taken for a whale. How silly of them to think they could see a whale in a river.

33.2.186 Untitled

Selected Words

and it

SKPEUT

do not

TKPHOT

from us

TPRUS

going to

TKPW*GS

I go

TKPWEU

I see

STPHAOE

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is going

STKPW-G

is that

STHA

see it

STAOE

thank you

THA*UPBG

thank you

THAUPBG

that a

THA*

we are

WER

with you

WU

Text

Is that a cart? No, it is a wagon. My father is going to market. Father, may I go with you? Yes, Charley, get ready. Oh, thank you, father.

Now we are home again, and it is nearly dark. The stairs are coming out in the sky. They are far, far away from us. We do not see the stars in the daytime.

Hark! I hear a lark. Ah, I see it now. The dog in the yard barks at it.

33.2.187 Untitled

Selected Words

all right

HR-RT

All right

HRAOEURBLT

can I

KEU

do you

TKOU

full of

TPUFL

how much

HOUFP

I want

EUPT

I will

KWREUL

is a

SA*EU

is all right

SHR-RT

may have

PHAEUF

one is

SW*UPB

she is

SHES

she want

SHEPT

she wanted

SHEPTD

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

what can

WHA*BG

Text

Annie Hall said she wanted to keep store.

So her brother Tom got some jars, and her mother gave her a dish full of apples.

Then Tom made the store for his little sister.

Jennie Brown came with her doll to play with Annie.

Well, child, what can I sell you today?

I want to buy an apple for Mary Day. She is ill.

Here is a nice large one.

Yes, that looks like a nice apple. How much do you ask for it?

This one is only two cents.

I will give you one cent, but I cannot pay you today.

Well, you may have it for one cent, and pay me tomorrow.

Then I will take one for Mary Day and one for my doll.

That is all right. Come again.

Thank you, I will. I will like your store.

33.2.188 Mrs. Fly and Her Foes

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and if

TPAPBD

and so

SAOPBD

as soon as

S-PBS

at once

TWUPBS

be the

BT

come out

KPHOUT

could not

KOPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

few of

TPAOUF

if the

TP-T

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is too

STAO

it has

T-Z

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

likely to

THRAOEULG

more than

PH-RPB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

out to

TPOUT

part of the

PAFRT

she could

SHEBGD

should be

SHOB

should have

SHOUF

so many

SOEPL

that she

STHAE

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

there were

THR-RP

they would

THELD

this is

TH-S

to be

TOB

up and

SKPUP

we should

WERBD

were not

WR-PBLT

when I

WHEU

when it

TWHEPB

where she

SWRE

will be

HR-B

with the

W-T

you will

HR*U

Text

I suppose you have heard your mother wish there were not so many flies. The fact is, flies make us much trouble. Their noise tires and vexes people. They lay eggs in and on the food, and so spoil it. They cover our clean walls and glass with small black spots.

Will you wonder that there are so many flies when I tell you that one fly can in one season be the mother of two million others!

Many insects die soon after laying eggs. Bees and wasps do not, nor do flies. Bees and wasps take care of their eggs and their young, but the mother does not.

Mrs. Fly has more than a hundred eggs to lay at once. It is quite plain that she could not take care of so many babies. She must let them all look out for themselves.

Still Mrs. Fly shows much sense as to where she puts her eggs. She finds a place where they will be likely to live and get food and grow.

If the place is too wet, the baby flies would drown when they leave the egg. If the place is too dry, they would wither up and die. Then, too, they must have soft food.

The fly does not lay her eggs on a stone or a piece of wood. She lays them in some kind of food.

The fly can live all summer if it has a fair chance. Cold kills flies. A frosty day will kill them. Some few flies, like a few of the wasps, hide, and live over winter in a torpid state, and in the spring they come out to rear new swarms.

Birds, spiders, wasps, cats, dogs, and some other animals eat flies. These creatures kill flies by millions. People kill flies with poison and flytraps. If so many were not killed, we should be overrun with them.

In the South is a plant with a leaf like a jug. On the seem of this leaf hang drops of honey. Its juice can make the flies drunk.

Flies like this juice. But as soon as they get it they turn dizzy and act just like drunken men. They fall into the jug-like space of the leaf and soon die. One of these plants will kill many flies in one day.

Many of our best birds live on flies, and if our birds were all dead we should have much greater trouble with the flies.

In the autumn you will see flies sitting about as if they feel dull and ill. If you look carefully, you will see that the back part of the body is white. It seems to be covered with meal or mould.

Soon the fly dice. This white dust is a disease of the fly. It does not curl up its legs when it dies from this cause. They are stiff and spread out. The fly looks like a live fly. If you touch it, it crumbles to dust.

All around such a dead fly you will see a ring of white mould. This is perhaps a real mould, or tiny plant, that seizes on the body of the fly. It uses up all the soft parts, and so kills it leaving only the dry shell.

There is another strange thing about this. The body of a fly that dice in this way is rent or burst open. The fly looks as if this dust or mould had grown large in the body and so torn it open.

33.2.189 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

mousie

PHOUS *AOE

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

Text

One day a little mouse came out of her hole to hunt for some dinner. She found the pie that mother had put on the shelf.

"O my, how good that smells," said Miss Mousie. So she ate her dinner out of the side of our pie.

That day we had to go without pie for our dinner.

33.2.190 Untitled

Selected Words

do you

TKOU

I have

SREU

is not

S-PBLT

it a

TA*EU

it be

T-B

mamma

PHAPL PHA

Nellie

TPHEL AO*E

what a

WHA*

you think

UPBG

Text

Mamma, what do you think I have for you?

Is it a flower, Nellie?

No, mamma, not a flower. It is good to eat.

What can it be! An egg?

O no, mamma! It is not an egg.

Let me think. An apple?

Yes, a big sweet apple.

Thank you, Nellie. What a nice red apple!

I have one for Fred, too.

Fred likes sweet apples.

Do you like apples?

33.2.191 Shellfish

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

all of you

AUFL U

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and is

SKP-S

and will

SKP-L

are not

R-PBLT

as big as

SPWEUGS

at once

TWUPBS

could not

KOPBLT

front end

TPROEPBD

have an

SRA*EPB

have you

SRU

he has

HEZ

I shall

EURBL

idea of

KWR-FD

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is an

SA*PB

is not

S-PBLT

is that

STHA

is the

S-T

is to

STO

it has

T-Z

learn about

PWHRERPB

likely to

THRAOEULG

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

see it

STAOE

shall have

SH-F

some of

SPHOF

sort of

SOFRT

such as

SUFPS

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

them to

THOEUPL

there are

THR-R

these are

THAOERS

they could

THEBGD

things are

THREUPBGS

things that

THAEUPBGS

through the

THRUT

to find

TOFPBD

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

use it

TAOUS

used in

TPHAOUFD

very many

SR-RPL

very much

SR-FP

very well

SR-RL

we find

WEFPBD

what are

WHAR

will be

HR-B

will not

HR-PBLT

will say

HR-BZ

you can

UBG

you will

HR*U

Text

Have you not all heard the song, "Rock-a-by Baby upon the Tree-top"? What babies live in tree-tops? You will say, "Bird, wasp, bee, and spider babies swing in the trees."

Do you not know that there are small cradles that rock all day long on the waves?

Up and down, in the sun, on the water, rock the cradles of many shellfish.

What are shellfish?

They are soft animals that live in hard shells.

But you must know that these are not true fish. A true fish is an animal that lives in the water, and has a backbone. The backbone of a fish is very much like your backbone.

All fish can swim. Most of them have fins and scales. Very many of them have long, slim, smooth bodies that will glide easily through the water.

All of you can see fish, in the ponds, lakes, or brooks near your home. You often have them to eat on your table.

If you live in the city, you can go to the place where they selfish and look at them.

In some other book I may tell you a little about the true fishes.

In this book I shall now tell you a very little about what are called "shellfish."

This is not a very good name for them, but we will use it, because you will hear it from many people, and will often see it used in books.

The right name for these shellfish is a hard word, which means "soft body" or "off the things." That suits them very well, for they are all soft bodies, they have no bones.

There are in the water soft-bodied things that have no shells to cover them. In the next book we will tell you of some of them.

These soft things that live in shells are mostly of a round or a wedge shape. Their shells serve them for houses to live in, for ships to sail in, for coats to cover them, for bones to keep their soft bodies in shape.

The shells of these soft things are of many forms.

Some are all in one piece, like a twist or curl. Some have two parts, like the covers of a book. These two parts are held by a hinge. And some shells are made in many pieces or scales.

There are three kinds, or orders, of shellfish. One kind has a head on its foot. Another has a head much like that of the snail. Still another kind, or order, has no head at all!

Well! That is a queer thing, to have no head!

Let us learn first about the shellfish with a head and a foot.

There are many kinds of shellfish of this order. They differ in size, color, shape, and way of life. But if we learn about one, we shall have an idea of all.

You know that the hermit crab steals a shell to live in. It is often a long shell, like a curl. That is the sort of shell that shellfish with heads live in. It is a shell all in one piece.

These shells are very hard and thick.S , that? The fish in them is soft. It has no bones.

If these soft things had no hard shells, they could not live. The waves would kill them. The crabs, fish, and other animals in the sea, would eat them at once.

Let us see how a shellfish is made. The conch, or winkle, is the largest shellfish you will be likely to find. His body is soft but tough. It runs to a point.

That back part takes fast hold of the post in the shell, so that Mr. Conch will not drop out. On one side of his body he has a hook like a thumb. That is to pull him back into his shell when he wishes to hide.

The front end of the conch is wide and thick. Here we find his mouth. Near his mouth he has two feelers, such as insects have, to touch things.

Where the feelers join his head he has two eyes.

His foot is flat, and is as big as all the rest of his body. It is just the size of the open part of his shell. Why is that?

The shoe on his foot is hard, like horn. When he draws back into his shell, that shoe is his door. It fits close. It shuts him in safe in his shell.

33.2.192 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and you

SKPU

are you

RU

back to

TPWAOBG

I am

KWRAEUPL

is there

STHR

morning and

SKPHORPBG

this is

TH-S

this morning

TH-RPBG

who is

WHOS

will be

HR-B

years old

KWRAERLDZ

you will

HR*U

Text

This is Harry's birthday.

He is five years old.

He got up very early this morning and put on his new boots.

Then he ran to his papa's door and gave five knocks on it -- one, two, three, four, five.

"I am as old as that," he shouted. "Are you glad, papa?"

Then he ran to his grandma's door and gave five knocks.

"Who is there?" said grandma.

"I am here, grandma. I am just as old as that, now. I am quite a big boy, grandma."

"Go back to bed, and you will be a little man," said grandma.

"Ho! I am almost a man now," said Harry. "I am bigger with my new boots."

33.2.193 Our House

Selected Words

apple

AP L

flower

TPHRO*UR

gate

TKPWAET

in front

STPROPBT

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

it has

T-Z

porch

POFRPB

Text

Our house stands on a hill. It is white and green. It has a big porch in front.

There are many flowers in the yard. Around the yard is a white fence. An apple tree stands by the gate.

Should you like to see our house?

33.2.194 An Apple For Teacher

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

is not

S-PBLT

Lee

HRAOE

pretty

PREUT

she said

SHEBS

teacher

TAOEFRP

thank you

THAUPBG

them to

THOEUPL

this morning

TH-RPBG

to the

TOT

we have

SWRAOE

will be

HR-B

Text

Jack and I are glad that we have apple trees on our farm. Our apples are very red and pretty. When they are ripe, we pick them. It is not good for them to fall to the ground.

Jack picked an apple for his teacher this morning. When he gave Miss Lee the apple, she said, "Thank you Jack. This will be good for my lunch."

33.2.195 Tom, the Train Boy

Selected Words

a lot

HROELT

and he

SKPE

are the

R-T

every day

*EFRD

every night

EFRPBT

he said

HEBS

he was

EFS

he would

ELD

I can

AOEUBG

it was

T-FS

out of

OUFT

very well

SR-RL

when I

WHEU

Text

Tom liked trains a lot. He liked them because he saw them every day. They went right by his house. Every morning a long black train went flying by, and every night it came flying back.

From the time he was a very little boy, Tom played train. His father gave him his very first set of trains when he was two. After that it was trains, trains, trains!

Tom would draw trains on paper. When he was three, he said, "I can make a train out of boxes." And he did. Sometimes he put six chairs in his room and played train.

When Tom's father came home from work, he would say, "Well, how are the trains today?"

And Tom would say, "Very well, Daddy. When I grow up, I'll work on a train."

33.2.196 What Are Homes For?

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

are a

RA*

do not

TKPHOT

for the

TP-RT

go into

TKPWHAO

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

that you

THAU

when the

WHEPBT

Text

What does your home do for you?

Your home is the place where you keep warm in winter. Your home keeps away rain and snow and freezing wind.

Home is the place where you sleep and eat. It is the place where you work and play. It is a place where your friends come to visit.

Home is the place that your father and mother make for you. It is the place where they take care of you.

Do all animals use their homes in the same ways? Some animals use their homes to get away from cold winter. Which animals that you have read about make this use of their homes? Tell about other animals that go into the ground for the winter.

Some homes are used to store away food. What animals make a place for food in their homes?

Some homes are a place to hold the young. Birds make nests to hold the eggs and the young birds. When the young birds no longer need the nest, it is not used for a home.

Grown-up birds do not use the nest to get away from wind and rain. They find other places to go. The nest is just a bed for the young birds.

Most animals have some place to get away from rain and wind.

33.2.197 Mr. Worm at Home

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and have

SKP-F

and so

SAOPBD

are not

R-PBLT

as a

SA*Z

as hard as

SHA*RDZ

as large as

SHRARPBLGS

as much

SPHUFP

as the

SAZ

at once

TWUPBS

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

early morning

ERPBLG

from the

TPR-T

have not

SR-PBLT

he wants

HEPTS

how much

HOUFP

I think

KWREUBG

if a

TPA*EU

if the

TP-T

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is done

STKOPB

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is the

S-T

is to

STO

is to be

STOB

it a

TA*EU

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

little bit

PWHREULT

made of

PHAEFD

may find

PHAEUFPBD

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

so many

SOEPL

some of

SPHOF

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

then the

THEPBT

there is

THR-LGS

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

they do

TKHOE

they know

TH*EPB

things in

TPHEUPBGS

this is

TH-S

to be

TOB

turn it

THURPB

what he

WHAE

where the

W-RT

will find

HR-FPBD

will not

HR-PBLT

you can

UBG

you will

HR*U

Text

Baby worms are just like the parent worms, only smaller, and have not so many rings. As they grow, they get more rings by the dividing of the last one.

In some kinds of soil the wee worms are born in a little hard skin bag. This keeps them from harm, until they get strong enough to take care of themselves.

Mr. Worm's home is like a row of long halls. These halls are lined with a kind of glue from the worm's body. This glue makes the walls firm; then they will not fall in.

The halls are not very deep underground. If the weather is very cold, or very dry, the worms dig down deeper. Worms dislike cold or drought. They enjoy warmth. They also like water and wet soil.

When winter comes the worms plug up the doors of their houses. This is done by dragging into it a plant stem that will fit and fill it. The worms carry into their homes leaves and stalks to eat. They bring out, and throw away, things which they do not like.

Worms show much sense in the way in which they carry things in and out of their holes. If a stem will not go in, they turn it over, and try it in some other way.

Worms usually come out of their holes at night or in wet weather. If they go far from their house, they cannot find their way back. Then they make a new hole. Each worm lives alone.

Often in the evening or early morning, or during rain, you will see worms near their houses. You may find them with their heads just put out of their doors. You will see the worm casts in early day or after rain. It is then the worms dare to come out. Sun and heat dry worms up very fast, and so kill them.

The birds know all these ways of the worms. Watch a robin or a bluebird. He severance for his food at sunrise, or after sunset, or while it rains.

Now his keen eyes see the worm at his door! In goes his sharp bill! He pulls like a good fellow! He is hungry. He wants his breakfast. The worm holds fast by his hooks. The bird braces his feet and his tail, and tugs hard. Out comes the worm to feed Mr. Bird.

The bird shows great skill in the way he pulse the worm out of the hole. He does not break off even one little bit of his soft body. No boy could get him out in that way.

Some say that the worm lies by his door at sunrise for warmth. I do not think that is so. I think what he likes is the fresh dew. He loves dampness. He fierce cold, but he also dies of heat.

A worm will die in one day in dry air, but he will live for weeks quite down underwater. He needs an even, moist warmth. His home must not be hot, nor cold, nor dry.

Little young worms know how to dig houses, make worm casts, carry out the soil, find food, and plug up the door of their houses. They know at once all that old worms do. But then worm houses do not require as much skill as bee or wasp houses.

The seaside worms make the prettiest worm houses. On shells, stone, wood, or wound alone in a lump, you will find their tubes. They are white and as hard as shell.

These tubes curve and twist about, as the worm went that built them. Some are very pretty. There is a soft kind of tubed made of sand and bits of shell, stone, and weed. The sand and weed are held together by a kind of glue. The worm makes this glue in its mouth.

I have some tubes very clear and white. You can see the lines where the worm went when he built them, ring by ring. Some of these tubes are so small, you can just run a fine needle into them. Some are as large as a straw, and some as large as a fine, fat, earthworm.

Now you see how much is to be learned, even of such a small, humble thing as a worm. Think how much even such a weak creature can do!

33.2.198 What Is the Earth Like?

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

do you

TKOU

do you mean

TKOUPL

earth is

S*ERT

is the

S-T

of the

-FT

part of the

PAFRT

talk about

TPWAUBG

that is

THAS

that you

THAU

there are

THR-R

to the

TOT

when you

WHU

you mean

KWRAOUPL

Text

When you speak about the earth, what do you mean? Do you mean this planet, the earth? Do you mean the ground that your house is built upon? Do you mean the lands that you see on your globe? Just what do you mean when you talk about the earth?

Scientists tell us there are three parts to the earth. The land part of the earth is the solid part of the earth. The waters of the lakes, oceans, and rivers make up the liquid part of the earth. The air, or atmosphere, that is all around the land, is the gaseous part of the earth.

33.2.199 Untitled

Selected Words

is the

S-T

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

Text

Harry Hunt has a pet raccoon. A raccoon is the size of a cur dog. men hunt the raccoon by the light of the moon with dogs and guns.

33.2.200 The Friendly Toad

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and it

SKPEUT

and the

SKP-T

began to

STKPWAOPB

had a

HA

he has

HEZ

in a

TPHA*EU

is the

S-T

it could

T-BGD

it was

T-FS

of the

-FT

ready to

TKRAOE

to have

TOF

toad

TO*ED

will be

HR-B

Text

Andy was born on a farm. He has fun with all the animals. One warm day he saw a big toad hop along the garden path. Once the toad was a tadpole in a pond. It had a tail and it could swim like a fish. In a short time its legs began to grow, and then it lost its tail. It was ready to live on land. Andy made a pet of the brown toad. It likes to have him scratch its back with a long stick. Andy's father said, "Your toad seems sleepy now, but tonight he will be busy eating bugs. He is the farmer's friend."

33.2.201 Hands and Feet

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

and a

SKPA

and so

SAOPBD

and the

SKP-T

we have

SWRAOE

Text

We have five toes on each foot, and four fingers and a thumb on each hand. The horses has four feet, and so has the dog and the cat and the mouse. Birds have but two feet. Snakes and worms have neither hands nor feet. Fishes, also, have neither hands nor feet, but they have fins and a tail, and with these they are able to swim very fast.

33.2.202 A Home for the Birds

Selected Words

a lot

HROELT

a lot of

HROEFLT

Dick

TK*EUBG

in the

TPH-T

inch

TPH-FP

lot of

HROFT

made of

PHAEFD

making

PHAEUG

of the

-FT

put it

TPUT

robin

ROB EUPB

stretching

STREFPG

they were

THERP

Text

One day Dick found a nest of robins under the roof of the porch. The nest was made of mud and dry grass. The mother robin was feeding worms to her babies. They were stretching their necks and making a lot of noise.

Soon Dick decided to make a home for a pair of wrens. He used a box about six inches high. He made a small hole for a box. Then he painted the house brown. He put it on a post in the yard.

"The wrens like their new home," said Dick.

33.2.203 Untitled

Selected Words

and feel

SKP-FL

at the

TE

going to

TKPW*GS

had a

HA

he could

HEBGD

I am

KWRAEUPL

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

starts to

STAORTS

this morning

TH-RPBG

through the

THRUT

to find

TOFPBD

Text

Ben Ward wants to find a strong string to put round a parcel of books. He starts to school this morning, and says he will strive to stand at the head of his class. If he had a strong strap with a buckle to put round his books, he could skip along without fear that his books would fall apart as he went.

Now I am going to swing on the lawn. I like to go swiftly through the air, and feel the rush of the wind on my cheeks.

33.2.204 Untitled

Selected Words

are you

RU

as you

AUZ

did not

TKEUPBLT

how shall

HOURB

I will

KWREUL

is the

S-T

pen and ink

PEPB SKP*EUPBG

she was

SHEFS

take the

TAEUBGT

this is

TH-S

what are

WHAR

when she

SWHE

when you

WHU

with your

WUR

you are

R*U

you can

UBG

you will

HR*U

Text

What are you doing, Nellie?

I am writing a letter to Aunt Lucy.

I will write a letter to Cousin Harry. May I take the pen and ink when you are done?

No, Tom, you must write with a pencil. You will spill the ink.

No, I won't spill it. Mamma, can't I take the ink?

I think you had better write with a pencil. Nellie did not write with ink when she was as young as you are. You can write better with a pencil.

When may I write with ink, mamma?

When you are as old as Nellie. Write with your pencil now.

Yes, I will. How shall I begin?

You must say, Dear Cousin Harry. Then you can tell him about your rabbit.

And I will ask him to come and see me.

Yes; and tell him that mamma and Nellie send love.

But mamma, how will Harry know who wrote it?

I will show you how to write the last part. This is the way.

Your loving cousin,

Tom

33.2.205 Garden Snakes

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

as a

SA*Z

as you

AUZ

can find

K-FPBD

come out

KPHOUT

full of

TPUFL

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

may have

PHAEUF

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

out to

TPOUT

ready to

TKRAOE

they can

THEBG

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

until the

TPH-LT

what a

WHA*

Text

Rock Hill is full of rocks, as you might guess from its name. Its sides are used by garden snakes as a winter home.

Eight or nine snakes come the first cold fall day, and maybe ten the next, and twenty more after that. Each snake makes its own home two or three feet under the ground. On warm days the snakes come out of their holes to sleep in the sun on top of the rocks. Once winter sets in, the snakes are ready to stay in their homes. There they sleep until the warm spring days bring them out to look for food.

Snakes spend their summer days in the woods or near garden pools where they can find the kind of food they like.

Late in the summer the mother snake has her babes. And what a family! She may have from ten to fifty children. She doesn't stay long with them or try to take care of them, because in a very short while they are able to catch their own food.

33.2.206 The Ants on a Trip

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

all the

AULT

an ant

APB APBT

and the

SKP-T

and was

SKP-FS

at once

TWUPBS

at the

TE

back to

TPWAOBG

did not

TKEUPBLT

down the

TKOUPBT

found that

TPHAOUPBD

from a

TPRA*

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

grown up

TKPWRUP

had a

HA

had the

H-T

half an hour

HAF TPHO*UR

have a

SRA

he says

HEBSZ

hit it

THEUT

how many

HOUPL

I think

KWREUBG

I was

EUFS

I will

KWREUL

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

it was

T-FS

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

one and

SKPWUPB

out of

OUFT

so I

SO*EU

that the

THAT

that time

THAPLT

there are

THR-R

they did

TKHE

they were

THERP

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

went into

TPWHAOEPBT

went to

TWOEPBT

when I

WHEU

will not

HR-PBLT

with the

W-T

Text

The round hole in the ant-hill is called the gate. The ants can close it, if they like, with a bit of stone. Often there are two, three, or even more, gates for one ant-hill. Once I saw a hill with six large gates.

Now I will tell you of a very queer ant-hill. It was made by big black ants, in a little valley between two hills of sand.

Into this valley had blown a very large sheet of thick paper. It had been around a ham and was very greasy. It had lain on the ground, crumpled up, in sun, and snow, and rain, for a year.

By that time it was hard and stiff, and weeds had grown up about it. One day, as I was going buy, I saw ants running in and out of the folds of the paper. I took a stick and turned the top fold open like a lid.

It was full of ants and of white pupa-cases. The ants, I think, liked the folds of the paper for halls, and the larger wrinkles for rooms. They had found out how to have a house without much work in making it.

But when I opened the hill, they ran in swarms to pick up the white bundles. Poor things! They did not know where to go for safety. So I laid the lid of their house back in its place, and soon they were quiet again.

Now I will tell you how ants move from one house to another. One day, I saw by my garden path a line of ants moving all one way. They were black ants.

They went two by two, or one and two, close to each other. Every one had in its jaws a white bundle. I found that they all came from an ant-hill. They came up out of the gate very fast, one by one, each with its bundle.

About two or three inches from this line of ants I saw another line. This line went to the hill, not from it. They went in good order.

They had no bundles when they went into the hill; when they came out, each had a bundle, and joined the other line of ants.

I went along with the stream of ants that had the white bundles. I found that they went to a new hill, about thirty feet from the old hill.

There they laid down their bundles, and went back to the old hill to bring more. The bundles lay heaped in a ring all about the gate of the new city.

Out of this gate ran up other ants in haste. They caught up the bundles, one by one, and carried them in. In about half an hour they were nearly all taken in, and the ants brought no more. The moving was over.

With a long blade of grass, I gentle took up a little bundle. I hit it behind a stone, some six inches off. I took three bundles and hid them, lifting them with the tip of the grass-blade.

When all the bundles left at the hill were carried in, the ants went down the gates. But in a minute out came three or four ants. They ran about wildly and searched the ground.

They went in circles and looked over the ground with much care. The circles grew wider. At last one came up hipped the stone and found the bundles.

The ant picked up one bundle and ran. Then this ant met the other ants, and, I think, told them the news. For at once the other ants ran up to the stone, and each took up a bundle.

Then they all ran into the hill. Can ants count? That looked as if they knew how many bundles they had. It also looked as if they knew that two ants must go for two bundles.

A man who took bundles from a march in this way thinks that the ants smell the hidden bundles. He says they will not search for them if you hide them in the earth.

33.2.207 Quickly Built Homes

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and the

SKP-T

as the

SAZ

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

for the

TP-RT

ground in

TKPWHROUPBD

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of a

AEUF

on the

OPBT

or the

ORT

seeing it

STAOEG

think of

THEUF

where the

W-RT

will not

HR-PBLT

you think

UPBG

Text

Not all birds are such fine builders as the Baltimore oriole and the hummingbird. Here is a nighthawk on its nest. The next page shows a whip-poor-will on its nest. What do you think of these nests?

The nighthawk sometimes lays her eggs on the ground. Sometimes she lays them on the flat roof of a building.

The nighthawk does not make a nest. She uses only a little sand or some small stones. All she needs is a place where the eggs will not roll away.

The eggs are spotted. They look like the place where they are laid. The young birds have gray spots. They look like the sand and the stones on the ground.

It is not easy for the nighthawk's enemies to see the eggs or the baby birds. Nighthawks do not need a better nest.

The whip-poor-will takes a little more time to make a nest. She puts two or three dry leaves together on the ground in the woods. These make her nest.

The mother whip-poor-will lace two eggs. They have big light-colored spots which make them look like the dry leaves.

You could walk by this nest without seeing it. Do you think the whip-poor-will makes a good kind of nest?

33.2.208 Untitled

Selected Words

in front

STPROPBT

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

will be

HR-B

Text

Donald and Jack went to the show. They had two tickets and took seats in front to see a tame monkey play with sticks and dance a jig on a tightrope.

The monkeys in this tree are wild. The old monkey has found a knife that some man left in the wood. He will be apt to hurt himself with it, for a monkey does not know how to use a knife. Monkeys can swing by the tail.

33.2.209 The Farmer Ants

Selected Words

above the

PWOFT

an ant

APB APBT

and all

SKPAUL

and the

SKP-T

as a

SA*Z

as large as

SHRARPBLGS

as the

SAZ

do not

TKPHOT

down the

TKOUPBT

end and

SKPEPBD

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

gather the

TKPWAERT

grain is

STKPWRAEUPB

have not

SR-PBLT

in a

TPHA*EU

in order

TPHORD

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is also

SHR-S

is an

SA*PB

is like

SHRAOEUBG

it can

T-BG

it has

T-Z

it up

TUP

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

may not

PHAEUPBT

New Jersey

TPHURPBLG

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

out to

TPOUT

over with

WOEFR

said that

STHAEUD

that has

THAZ

that the

THAT

that you

THAU

them to

THOEUPL

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

they do

TKHOE

they would

THELD

this is

TH-S

to find

TOFPBD

to its

TOEUTS

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

when it

TWHEPB

which is

WEUS

which the

KH-T

will be

HR-B

will go

HR*G

will not

HR-PBLT

with your

WUR

you could

UBGD

you ever

UFR

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

You have heard of the spider which makes a den in the ground. You know that it puts a trapdoor on its den, and plants ferns on the door to hide it.

The spider turns gardener in this way, and all his plants grow well. There is an ant that has a farm, or garden.

This ant lives in warm lands. In this country they are found in Texas, Florida, and in one or two other warm states.

These farmer ants raise grain to eat. The grain is a kind of grass with a large seed. It is called by some "ant-rice."

There is also a large ant which is fond of the seeds of the sunflower. It is said that the ants plant the sunflowers in a ring around their hill.

The ants have not been seen to carry the seed and plant it. So we may not be quite sure that they do so.

But it is very possible that the ant does plant seeds. You see there are yet in the world many things left for you to find out. It will be well for you to keep your eyes open.

The farmer ants do not live in a small hill that you could cover with your hand. Their hill, or disc, is sometimes flat, and sometimes high. It is often as large as a large room. It is in the shape of a circle.

In this circle all weeds and all kinds of grasses are cull down, except the one kind which the ants like. The earth of the disc is kept clean and smooth. Only the seeds of the ant-rice are left to grow.

When the ant-rice is ripe, the ants pick up the seeds as they fall, and take them into the hill to their storerooms.

It is most likely that as the ants let this ant-rice, and nothing else, grow on their hills, it sows itself by its fallen seed.

Still the ants are real farmers, as they keep their land clean. They tend and gather the crop, store it up, and eat it.

When the ant-rice is ripe, and the seeds have fallen, the ants cut down the old stems, and take them away. The disc is then clean for the next crop.

The ants will go a long way from their hill to find seeds to bring home. They like to go where horses have fed, for there they find scattered oats. In some lands they carry off much grain from the fields.

An ant in Florida climbs the stalk of the millet and cuts off the seeds. When ants take seeds to their hill, they husk and clean them. They throw bad seeds away.

The ants watch the seeds, and after rains carry them out to dry in the sun. This is because if left wet, they would sprout and grow.

Some ants also cut the seed, so that it will not sprout.

The ants eat the seeds that they gather. They also feed their young with them.

One ant in Florida rolls up into little balls the dust, or pollen, of pine cones, and stores that up to eat.

An ant in New Jersey cuts in pieces the little new pine trees, just as they get above the ground, and carries them to its nest.

Did you ever see the ant which likes sunflower seeds to eat? It is a large ant, and when it has climbed to the disk of the sunflower, it pulse out one of the ripe seeds and carries it away.

When people keep a nest of ants in order to watch their ways, they feed them with sugar, oats, apple seeds, and wheat.

How does the ant eat the hard grain? Its tongue is like a file, or something like that of the little shellfish of which I told you. The ant can rasp, file, and press the grain, so it can get at and lick up the oil and juice.

33.2.210 Our Most Important Star

Selected Words

could not

KOPBLT

did not

TKEUPBLT

difference to

TKOEUFRPBS

for the

TP-RT

if the

TP-T

in a

TPHA*EU

in fact

TPH-FT

in the

TPH-T

it were

T-RP

so far

STPAR

there would

THR-LD

we could

WEBGD

we know

W*EPB

were not

WR-PBLT

would be

WOB

Text

Our sun is our important star. It gives us heat and light. Life upon the earth would be quite different if it were not for our sun. In fact, there would be no life as we know it upon this earth if it were not for our sun.

The other suns in the sky really make very little difference to us. They are so far away, very little of their heat and light reaches the earth. We could live without them. We would miss their beauty at first. But in a short time most of us might even forget all about them.

Our sun is good for plants. If it were not for the sun, green plants could not grow. There would be no green leaves on our plants if the sun did not shine.

Our sun is good for us. Its rays help to keep us well. We could not keep healthy if our sun stopped shining on us. We could not live without our sun.

33.2.211 Playing with Magnets

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

are not

R-PBLT

as long

SHRO*PBG

as long as

SHROPBGS

at the

TE

because it

TPWAUS

fun to

TPOUPB

happens to

THAOPS

hold it

THAOELD

hold it

THOELD

how many

HOUPL

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

made of

PHAEFD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

or the

ORT

out of

OUFT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

take the

TAEUBGT

that a

THA*

that are

THAR

that you

THAU

things are

THREUPBGS

things that

THAEUPBGS

to find

TOFPBD

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

what a

WHA*

when you

WHU

will not

HR-PBLT

will the

HR-T

you know

KWRAOUPB

you want

UPBT

Text

Many children have magnets for toys. It is real fun to play with a magnet. Even grown-up people like to see what a magnet can do.

Put a small nail across the ends of a magnet. Now hold the magnet any way you want to. Hold it right side up, or upside down. Swing it around and around. The nail stays on the magnet.

The nail comes off the magnet when someone pulls it off. It does not drop off. The magnet pulls the nail to itself.

Try to find some nails about as long as this:

Make a pile of twenty or thirty of these nails on your desk. Push the ends of the magnet into the pile of nails.

Now take the magnet out of the pile of nails. Many of these small nails stay on the magnet. Count to see how many nails the magnet will hold.

A small magnet will hold many kinds of small things. It will hold needles. It will hold some pins.

Put on your desk some pins, a small key, and other things that you see in this picture. Which ones will the magnet hold?

Some things will not stay on a magnet. Try a piece of paper. Try a gold ring. Try a ribbon and a piece of string.

What happens to these things when you try to put them on the magnet. Now you know that a magnet will hold some things, and that it will not hold others.

Do you know what a nail is made of? It is made of iron or steel. A needle is made of steel. Some pins are made of steel. A magnet holds each of these things because it is iron or steel.

Look again at the picture on page 137. Which of the things are made of iron or steel? Does the magnet hold them?

The magnet does not hold things that are not made of iron or steel. The ring is made of gold. The magnet will not hold a gold ring.

It will not hold the paper or the string or the ribbon. It will not hold some of the pins. These things are not made of iron or steel.

The magnet pulls to itself things that are made of iron or steel.

33.2.212 Bubbles

Selected Words

bubble

PWUBL

have a

SRA

little

HREUL

market

PHARBGT

pigs

PEUGZ

them to

THOEUPL

we have

SWRAOE

Text

Our pigs are very funny. They have long noses and short curly he tails. We have ten little pigs on our farm. They have a nice clean pen. When they are big, our father will send them to market.

Jack has a pet pig. Its name is Bubbles.

33.2.213 Untitled

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

at the

TE

in this

STHEUPBS

is a

SA*EU

kee

K* *E *E

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

Rollin

KPA ROL *EUN

to the

TOT

Text

See my new book. It is a good book. I let Betsy the cook look at it.

Chan has hurt his foot on a crooked stick; so let us go and sit in this shady nook by the brook, and look at the rooks as they fly to the church steeple and alight upon it.

Yesterday Rollin Ray took a crook and shook it at the rooks, and the rooks flew off crying, "kee, kee."

33.2.214 Bob’s Letter to His Family

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

have you

SRU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

them to

THOEUPL

to me

TPHE

to the

TOT

will you

HRU

with the

W-T

you should

URBD

Text

Dear Mother:

I got to the farm yesterday after a fine trip on the train. Uncle John met me with the wagon and his two big gray horses, Bess and Major. He brought some chickens in the wagon to send to the city, and I helped him to take off the boxes. Going home, we carried bags of feed. It was fun riding in the old wagon. I like to sit up on the high seat.

Aunt Jane is fine. She had supper all ready when we got home. You should see me drink this country milk and eat this homemade bread!

All the boys wear old clothes. What have you done with my old shirts from last summer? Stick them in a box and send them to me, will you? Mother, could you put in my football, too, please? The boys like to play football after supper.

How is Father? Tell him not to work too hard. Aunt Jane wants both of you to come up here some time this summer.

Your son,

Bob

33.2.215 Look for the Song Sparrow

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

as soon as

S-PBS

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

may have

PHAEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

sparrow

SPAEUR ROE

start to

STAORT

that are

THAR

that is

THAS

there is

THR-LGS

they know

TH*EPB

through the

THRUT

to have

TOF

very well

SR-RL

you can

UBG

Text

If you live in the country, you have seen song sparrows. If you live in the city, you may have seen them, too. They live in the east and in the west. They live in the north and in the south.

Some song sparrows live in mountains. Others are found in lowlands. Many live in fields and woods where there is water. Others live in places that are very dry.

There are many kinds of song sparrows.

Song sparrow is a good name for this little brown bird. Most of the year you can hear his song.

Before winter's snow has gone away, song spare rows begin to come back from the south. They start to sing as soon as they are here.

A cold winter wind is blowing through the trees. A song sparrow sits on a limb with his feathers puffed out around him.

"Chirp, chirp!" The song sparrow's voice tells you that spring is on the way.

His first songs are not very pretty. He just goes, "Chirp, chirp, chirp!" But that is better than no song at all.

Song sparrows can live very well in the cold days before spring. They know where to look for food.

Many weeds grow along the side of the road and in the fields. Song sparrows find the weeds and eat the seeds.

The birds help farmers when they eat these seeds. Farmers do not like to have weeds on their farms. The seeds that are eaten by sparrow do not grow into more weeds.

33.2.216 Untitled

Selected Words

and was

SKP-FS

did not

TKEUPBLT

every day

*EFRD

he said

HEBS

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

made of

PHAEFD

out of

OUFT

there were

THR-RP

when the

WHEPBT

Text

One day last June, Jim found a nest in the bushes down by the swamp. It was made of sticks and was lined with weeds. There were four little eggs in it.

When Jim told John about it, he said it was a blue jay's nest.

The boys did not meddle with this little home, but went every day and peeped into it.

They were glad when the little ones came out of their shells. After a while they had great fun watching Mr. And Mrs. Jay teaching their children to fly.

33.2.217 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

as a

SA*Z

Text

A duck cannot fly as a little bird does. A duck has wings, but she cannot fly much. She cannot walk fast with her short legs.

33.2.218 Untitled

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

Fisher

TPEURB *ER

had a

HA

Jack Frost

SKWRABG TPROFT

Lewis

HRAO*US

Lily

HR*EUL KWREU

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

up and

SKPUP

you can

UBG

Text

The boys have found a new pond a few yards away. You can get a view of it from this window.

"See! A crowd of children are on it now. Last night the high wind blew the snow off. A few twigs were strewn over the ice, but the boys soon threw these out of the way.

What fine fun they have! With what glee they glide along!

One boy has had a tumble, but he will soon be up and away again.

Little Lewis Fisher is just able to go alone. See how frightened he looks; but his sister, Lily, can skate well. She learned last winter.

What a good friend Jack Frost is, to give girls and boys such a jolly time!

33.2.219 Our Pets

Selected Words

all the

AULT

bossy

BOS KWREU

have you

SRU

I say

EUBZ

I think

KWREUBG

if I

TPEU

into the

TPHAOT

lets

HR*ETS

ones

WUPBZ

ones that

TWHAUPBZ

that want

THAPT

there are

THR-R

they would

THELD

towser

TOES *ER

we have

SWRAOE

what I

WHAEU

Text

Have you any pets around your house?

We have some pets. We have Towser, our dog, and Bossy, our old brown cow. Then there are three cats -- a big yellow one, and two little black ones that want milk all the time.

Last of all, we have two very funny pets -- two white pigs. Once they came right into the house, I think they would get on my bed if I let them! They will do what I say if I give them apples, because they love apples.

33.2.220 Fairies’ Luck

Selected Words

and he

SKPE

and she

SKPHE

at a

T*A

in a

TPHA*EU

it was

T-FS

magic

SKWREUBG

of the

-FT

said that

STHAEUD

shut up

SHUP

them to

THOEUPL

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

to find

TOFPBD

when the

WHEPBT

would be

WOB

Text

The fairy prince and princess were shut up in a tall tower. The wicked witch had cast a spell over them, and there seemed to be no way for them to save themselves. It had all happened when the fairies were walking through the wood. The princess said her feet hurt her, and she drew off her silver boots. Without her boots, she had no magic. When the wicked witch chanced to come by, she worked her spell.

One morning a bird whose wing was hurt lighted at a window of the tower. The princess took him in and cared for him. The bird spent a week there until his wing was well. When the princess told him her sad tale, the bird said that his first act when he left would be to find the boots. And he did. It was a wonderful piece of luck! In less than an hour he flew up with both boots in his bill. The prince and princess were free!

33.2.221 Untitled

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

as the

SAZ

in a

TPHA*EU

listen to

THROEUFPB

of the

-FT

to the

TOT

Text

See the snow, and a hear the wind blow, and listen to the cock crow as the hens go up the tree to roost.

Go slowly and speak in a low tone till you get outside of the schoolhouse. Now, boys and girls, you may shout.

33.2.222 Untitled

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

at the

TE

do not

TKPHOT

I am

KWRAEUPL

I was

EUFS

in the

TPH-T

she has

SHEZ

she was

SHEFS

so many

SOEPL

to have

TOF

years old

KWRAERLDZ

Text

See, my feet are bare. I like to go bare-foot in the summer; do not you cousin Anna?

Oh, Eddy, I am too old to go bare-foot. Take care lest you stub your toe.

Claire has a pair of new boots. Her father had them made for her in town. She has a rocking chair, too, that her mother gave her the day she was four years old. I was there at the time.

Well, Anna, I am glad Claire has new boots to wear and a rocking chair. My papa and mamma give me so many nice things, and Claire ought to have some too.

33.2.223 School Time

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

have not

SR-PBLT

in the

TPH-T

is the

S-T

so long

SHROPBG

so long as

SHROEPBGS

they were

THERP

Text

Your town is awake now. Trucks and wagons make the street a busy place.

It is time for people to go to their work. It is time for boys and girls to go to school.

The shadows are not so long as they were. Your town is growing warmer. People have not buttoned their coats to keep warm. Children walk to school in the warm sunshine.

Where is the sun now?

33.2.224 Untitled

Selected Words

did you

TKU

he say

HEBZ

Horner

HORPB *ER

in the

TPH-T

who can

WHOBG

you ever

UFR

Text

Did you ever hear the story of little Jack Horner?

Where did he sit?

What was he doing?

What did he put in the pie?

What did he get?

What did he say then?

Now who can tell me the story of little Jack Horner?

33.2.225 Song Sparrows in Winter

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

in the

TPH-T

on the

OPBT

ready to

TKRAOE

sparrow

SPAEUR ROE

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

very well

SR-RL

Text

All through the fall many birds are leaving their summer homes. Bluebirds, robins, wrens, yellow warblers, swallows, deduction -- all fly south to winter homes.

But song sparrows are not ready to fly away. They spend the fall in the homes where they lived all summer. They scratch in the leaves. They look for insect. They eat the seeds of many weeds. They have fine, warm coats of feathers. They live very well in the cold fall days.

At last the snow comes. Cold winds blow the song spare rows about. Then they, too, start for a warm home to the south.

They stay there for a short time. Then back they come. Again you hear their songs that tell you spring is on the way.

33.2.226 How to Tell Good Apples

Selected Words

and so

SAOPBD

are the

R-T

at the

TE

did not

TKEUPBLT

did the

TK-T

he said

HEBS

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

it's

T*S

or not

ORPBT

she said

SHEBS

to the

TOT

where are

WR-R

you want

UPBT

you will

HR*U

Text

One morning Jane was going down to the store for her mother.

"Look over the apples, Jane," said her mother. "If you see some apples that look good, bring some home for us to eat."

When Jane got to the store, she said, "Where are the apples? Where are they?" At first she did not see an apple in the store. Then she found some big ones in a box and some little ones next to them. The big apples looked good to eat, and so did the little once.

The man at the store saw Jane looking over the apples. "Well, Jane," he said, "If you want good apples, don't just look them over. Take an apple and eat it. Then you will know if it's good or not!" And Jane did.

33.2.227 The Ants at Home

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

about the

PW-T

and have

SKP-F

and she

SKPHE

and the

SKP-T

are the

R-T

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

before the

PW-FRT

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

cover the

TKOUFRBT

do not

TKPHOT

down in

TKPHOUPB

for the

TP-RT

found out that

TPOUPBD THOT

has been

HAB

has not

HAEPBLT

have a

SRA

how the

HOUT

I have

SREU

I will

KWREUL

if a

TPA*EU

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is done

STKOPB

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

off and

SKPOF

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

out and

SKPOUT

out of

OUFT

she has

SHEZ

them to

THOEUPL

there are

THR-R

these are

THAOERS

they do

TKHOE

they know

TH*EPB

this is

TH-S

to the

TOT

too many

TAOPL

turn it

THURPB

we have

SWRAOE

we say

WEBZ

when the

WHEPBT

when you

WHU

will be

HR-B

would be

WOB

you will

HR*U

you would

ULD

Text

We have taken a look at the ants and have seen how the hill is made. Let us now see how the ants live in their hill-home.

When we go to visit them, we shall find ants running all about the hill and in the halls. These are the work ants. Some seem to stand on the hill to watch lest any danger may come near.

When the drone ants and the queens are young, the work ants let them go out and fly. When they go out, the drones do not often come back. They get lost or die.

The young queens come back, except those who go off to make new hills. But when the young queen settles down in life, to her work of laying eggs, the workers do not let her leave the hill any more.

How do they keep her in? If she has not taken off her pretty wings, they take them off and throw them away! If she tries to walk off, a worker picks her up in its jaws and carries her back.

The ants are kind to their queen. They feed her and pet her, and she becomes very lazy. She does not even care to lay her eggs in a nice clean place.

The idle queen drops her eggs anywhere. The kind worker ants pick them up, and take them to a soft bedroom.

When there are too many young queens in one hill, they do not have a war, as the bees do. The workers settle the trouble, by taking off the wings of the young queens, and turning them into work ants. This is done before the queens begin to lay eggs.

Newborn ants and queens, who do not go out into the sunshine are of a light color. The other ants are dark.

In cold, wet weather the ants stay at home. If a rain comes up when they are out, they hurry home. Early in the day, and late in the afternoon, they all seem very busy. In the hot hours of the day they stay in the hill and rest.

In very hot lands the ants stir about all winter. Such ants lay up stores of food. You shall hear of them by and by. In cooler lands, during winter, the ants are asleep, or, as we say, are torpid.

The young swarms usually go out in autumn. I have seen very large swarms in the spring.

Ants like sugar and honey best of all food. They get honey from flowers, and in other ways of which I will soon tell you. Some like seeds which have a sweet taste. For this reason they eat some kinds of grass seeds, oats, apple seeds, and such things.

Ants take their food by licking it. Their little rough tongues wear away bits of the seed; they also suck up the oil and juice. They seem to press the food with their jaws.

It has been found out that they know how to moisten their food and make it soft. If you give them dry sure or cake, they turn it into a kind of paste or honey.

If you put a nest of ants into a large glass jar, and put some food nearby for the ants to eat, they may settle down in the jar, to make a home. If you cover the outside of the jar with thick, dark paper, the ants may build close to the glass. Then, when you take off the paper, you will be able to see the halls and storerooms.

You might put such a jar in a safe place out of doors. Then you would be able to study the ants, as they roam around nearby, or do their work inside the jar.

33.2.228 Untitled

Selected Words

are a

RA*

been to

TPWOPB

have been

SR-B

have you

SRU

have you been

SRUB

I have

SREU

I have been

EUFB

is a

SA*EU

what I

WHAEU

where have

WR-F

Willie

WEUL AO*E

you are

R*U

Text

Where have you been, Willie?

I have been to walk with Jane.

See what I have for you, mamma. It is a pretty flower.

Thank you, Willie. You are a good boy to give me such a pretty rose.

33.2.229 Noon

Selected Words

down the

TKOUPBT

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

up and

SKPUP

walk in

TPWHAUBG

Text

Your town is a busy town. Trucks and wagons go up and down the streets. People go in and out of stores. The clock strikes twelve. It is noon.

Many people are walking on the street. They walk along in the sunshine. They cannot walk in the shadows now. At noon shadows are very short.

Most of the people have taken off their coats. Noon is a warm time of day.

Where is the sun now?

33.2.230 Untitled

Selected Words

but it

TPWUT

Charlie

KHARL AO*E

have a

SRA

on the

OPBT

this would

TH-LD

to feel

TOFL

to the

TOT

will not

HR-PBLT

would be

WOB

Text

"I believe this would be a fine day to fly kites," said Hugh to Charlie, "tell the boys to bring their kites down to the field."

"They have a fine large field down by the river in which to play, and their chief fun just now is kite-flying.

Hugh has a big kite, but it will not fly, so he is tying a piece of cloth to the tail.

Charlie's small kite is flying high.

He say it is good sport to feel the pull on the string.

33.2.231 Mr. Worm at Work

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and can

SKP-BG

and so

SAOPBD

and so on

KPAOPB

and to

TAOPBD

are the

R-T

as the

SAZ

but it

TPWUT

call the

KAULT

can be

K-B

can find

K-FPBD

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

he wants

HEPTS

helped to

THOEPD

I have

SREU

I said

EUBS

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

is done

STKOPB

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

it was

T-FS

just to

STKWROUFT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

off the

OFT

on and

SKPOPB

on the

OPBT

on the other hand

TPHOERPBD

out of

OUFT

said that

STHAEUD

shown to

STHOEPB

so many

SOEPL

so you

SOU

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

that you

THAU

there are

THR-R

this is

TH-S

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

we are

WER

when the

WHEPBT

which the

KH-T

with the

W-T

you can

UBG

you could

UBGD

you will

HR*U

Text

Worms are found in all parts of the world. I have told you that they help to build the world, and make it fit for the home of man.

Man cannot live without food. He gets his food from the earth. The worms help to fit the earth to bring forth the food of men.

Oh, this is very strange, that humble and dirty worms can be a help to man! Man is the highest of all animals. Worms are nearly the lowest. And can worms help man?

Now let us see how this is done.

The worms live underground. They make long, winding halls, like streets, some inches blow the topsoil. These halls, or little tunnels, help to keep the earth loose, so that the fine roosts of the plants can grow well in it. These tunnels also serve to help the air move more easily through the soil. By their constant motion below the surface the worms till the earth, as rakes, spades, or ploughs till it above. All this is of great us, and people say, "Many worms, rich land." Now and then you will hear, on the other hand, that the worms have eaten up the seed sown. Or, people say the worms have bitten off the roots of the plants. Some say that the worms cut the vines below the soil.

You need not think the earthworms did that. Not at all! The earthworms never behave so ill. The "worms" that people mean, when they speak of this harm done, are the grubs or larvae of some insects, as of the daddy-log-legs and others.

These grubs and cut-worms will eat living plants, but Mr. Worm likes dead leaves and stems best. He wants his food made soft by decay.

Now we come to the chief work of the true earthworms. When they make their halls and houses they fill their long bodies with the earth. Some say it is their food.

Mrs. Darwin says, "Oh, no! They fill their bodies with earth just to get it out of their way." If they get any food from the dirt it is not much. They turn themselves into baskets to carry the dirt out from their house.

The worms work, worm, worm all the time, taking out earth, and carrying it to the top of the ground.

There they pile it in heaps, called worm-casts. Each piece is the shape of a small worm.

The earth takes this shape as the worm presses it out of its long, soft body. Early in the day you can find these worm-casts over all the garden paths. So you can after a rain.

There are so many worms busy all the time that each year they bring up tons of earth. Thinks shows you the power that is in small, week things. In India there are worm-casts in heaps six inches high.

The worms make the earth fine and loose, by pinching it off with their mouths. Then they bring this rich soil from below, and lay it on top, and so on and on.

It is only some twenty years since the work of worms was known. At first people said, "Oh, no, no! It cannot be that little, soft worms could cover a great field, some inches deep, with new earth." But it was shown to be quite true.

Fields once stony and hard have become rich and fine. Things grow now where once scarcely anything would grow. Ashes and gravel, once on top, go two or three inches below.

All this is done by the busy worms. That is why I said that you could call the tail end of the worm the tool with which he helps to build the world.

Worms at work underground have caused great walls and pavements to sink, as the earth sinks over mines. Also, they have helped to bury ruins and old cities, and to keep them safe hidden, until we found them. We are glad when we learn of the Old World days, from ruins which the worms helped to hide.

Then, too, the worms help make the soil rich, by the dead leaves and stems which they drag into their holes to decay. When the worms die, their bodies also help to make the earth rich.

33.2.232 Untitled

Selected Words

anchor

APB KOR

and he

SKPE

going to

TKPW*GS

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

he says

HEBSZ

is a

SA*EU

is going

STKPW-G

oyster

OEUFRT

so much

SOFP

there is

THR-LGS

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

Jack is a sailor boy. See what an even coil he is making with that thick rope.

His sailor suit looks very clean, but he will soon soil it, as there is always so much oil about a ship.

What a noise the men make when they hoist the anchor up. Sailors have to toil hard, but they enjoy their work and love the sea.

Jack's boat is going to fish for oysters, and he will not be home for days. He says he will bring a pearl home to his mother.

33.2.233 The White Rabbit

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all day

AULD

all the

AULT

have a

SRA

we have

SWRAOE

will you

HRU

Text

We have a little white rabbit at school. The boys and girls have made a house for him.

They play with him, and they give him something to eat. That little white rabbit is eating all the time! Rabbits like to eat and eat. They eat all day!

Come to see our little white rabbit at school. Come and bring him something good to eat, will you?

33.2.234 The Helpers’ Club

Selected Words

if you

TPU

it up

TUP

who I

WHOEU

who is

WHOS

Text

The Helpers' Club in Miss Blake's room wrote this list of things for club members to do:

1. Send a bunch of flowers or write a note to a friend who is ill.

2. Always offer to help anyone who is carrying a heavy load of books to his room.

3. Be sure to wipe your feet before you enter the building.

4. If you bring in mud on your shoes, get a broom and sweep it up.

5. If you see someone slip and fall, help him to get up.

Can you add other rules for a good helper?

33.2.235 What Baby Wanted

Selected Words

did not

TKEUPBLT

do you

TKOU

he wants

HEPTS

I know

KWR-PB

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

oh

O*ERBGS

she said

SHEBS

this is

TH-S

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

you want

UPBT

Text

"Do you want some milk, Baby?" asked Baby's mother. "You like milk."

But Baby did not want the milk.

"Do you want this ball, Baby?" she said. "Look at this pretty ball. Do you want to play with it?" But Baby did not want'll ball.

"I know what Baby wants," said Mother. "He wants his old brown rabbit."

She got out the old brown rabbit. "This is what my baby wants," she said.

Mother gave Baby the rabbit, and Baby said, "Oh! Oh! Oh!"

33.2.236 The Earth Spins Like a Top

Selected Words

did you

TKU

earth is

S*ERT

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

in a

TPHA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

it has

T-Z

long, long

HROPBG HROPBG

millions of

PHOEUFPBS

millions of

PHOEUFPBS

on the

OPBT

you ever

UFR

Text

Did you ever spin a top? It turns round and round on the smooth table. It spins very fast.

The big round earth is spinning, too. It goes round and round just as your top does.

The top is small. Our earth is large. The top spins around many times in a minute. The earth is so large that it spins around only once in twenty-four hours.

You have to keep on spinning your top. It stops every minute or so. Then you have to spin it all over again. The earth is not like that. Some great force started our earth spinning long, long ago. It has never stopped. It has kept right on spinning around all these millions of years.

33.2.237 Untitled

Selected Words

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

Text

Look at Fred on his pony. How well he rides! The pony trots off very fast.

Can you ride a pony?

33.2.238 Father Sells Butter and Eggs

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

dozen

TKOZ

got a

TKPWAOEUT

grocer

TKPWROES ER

hammer

HAERPL

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

sugar

SHUG

to the

TOT

we were

WERP

went to

TWOEPBT

were not

WR-PBLT

when I

WHEU

Text

One day last week Father took us to town.

We got up at six o'clock. It took us only an hour to make the trip.

Father sold some butter and four dozen eggs to the grocer. He bought some sugar for Mother's pies. Then we went to another store on the next street. We got a hammer and a saw.

On the way out of the city I went to sleep. When I woke, we were not far from home.

33.2.239 Wonder Ants

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

all of

A*UFL

all of the

AUFLT

all the

AULT

an ant

APB APBT

and also

SKPALS

and is

SKP-S

are not

R-PBLT

as it

TAZ

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

but it

TPWUT

can be

K-B

four days

from the

TPR-T

have been

SR-B

I have

SREU

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is too

STAO

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

much as

PHUFPS

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

so the

SOT

than the

THAPBT

that is

THAS

them to

THOEUPL

these are

THAOERS

they do

TKHOE

they know

TH*EPB

they want

THEPT

this is

TH-S

to the

TOT

what are

WHAR

why not

KWR-PBLT

will be

HR-B

will you

HRU

you do

TKO*U

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

You may perhaps read of what are called "Termites," or White Ants. You must not think that these are true ants, for they are not. They belong to another order of insects. They have four wings all of the same size. But true ants have one pair of wings smaller than the other. The white ants live in the ground and also in trees. They do much harm by gnawing wood and trees. They swarm into houses, and eat the tables and chairs and such things. They eat all kinds of food. They are much like real ants in their ways. They are many of them in our country.

Now you much hear about the ants that keep cows. I have told you that ants like honey. They take all their food by lapping and sucking it. They suck honey from flowers.

If you look at the plants in the garden or house, you may see on the leaves some very small green things, that seem to eat the leaves. Your mother will tell you these are "plant lice," and that they spoil her plants.

The name of this little insect is Aphis. That is a very pretty name. The aphis is very small, and is often of the color of the leaf it feeds on.

This wee thing can make honey in its body much as bees do. But the aphis does not store up the honey; it drops it on the leaf as it feeds. This is called "honey dew."

The ants eat the honey dew from the leaves, and they know that it comes from the aphis. They stroke and tap the aphis with their feelers, so that more dew will be let fall.

Have you seen the milk maid go from cow to cow, and fill her pail with milk? So the ants go from one aphis to another, until they get all the honey they want.

The ants can carry home this honey, and give it to others. The nurse ants will carry it to the baby ants. The workers take it to the queens, owners, and soldiers.

The aphis is called "the ant's cow." A hill of ants will seem to own a heard of these wee green cows. They go to them on their leaf, and get the honey. They know and claim their own cows. It is just like having a drove of cows in pasture, as the farmer does.

But you know that people often keep cows in stables and feed them there. The ant has this way also.

There is a kind of aphis that loves the dark and feeds on roots. Some ants keep a herd of these, hidden in the ground. They pet, stroke, and clean them to get their honey dew.

Ants have been seen to fight for days over a heard of aphis-cows. One hill of ants had no cows, and they tried to steal the cows that belonged to another hill.

After four days the lady that watched them got twenty cows, and gave them to the hill that had none.

Then the war ended.

The ants which got the new cows seemed very glad. They licked and petted the cows, and put them in a safe place. They took honey from them and fed the soldiers.

This seems just like a fairy tale. But it is quite true. All these things can be seen if you look out for them. But you must be patient and anxious to learn.

In warm summer days, when your mother tells you that it is too hot to run about much, what will you do? Why not make a tent of an umbrella, placed near an ant-hill, and watch these pretty and curious little creatures?

33.2.240 Peter Goes to Town

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

down the

TKOUPBT

fun to

TPOUPB

I think

KWREUBG

into the

TPHAOT

is the

S-T

shoe

SHAOU

so fast

SOFZ

so many

SOEPL

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

things to

THOEUPBGS

went to

TWOEPBT

Text

Once a year Peter's mother brought him to town to get some new clothes.

"I think it's fun to come to town, Mother, don't you?" said Peter.

"Yes, I do, "Said Mother. "There are so many things to see."

First, Peter and his mother went to a store to get a winter coat. Peter was growing so fast that his last year's coat was much too little for him. They took a nice brown coat and a hat to go with it.

At another store down the street Peter got two suits -- a blue suit for best and a brown suit for school. Next he got new shoes.

All of Peter's new things were put into boxes. Peter put every box into the car.

When the last box was in, Mother said, "Only one more store now, Peter. There is the toy store."

To Peter the toy store was the best one in town!

33.2.241 How Cal Nearly Lost His Sheep

Selected Words

at the

TE

before the

PW-FRT

began to

STKPWAOPB

Cal

KPA KAL

down in

TKPHOUPB

had a

HA

in the

TPH-T

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on that

THAOPB

other side

O*ERDZ

out of

OUFT

over and

SKPOEFR

talking about

TPWAUG

that time

THAPLT

there were

THR-RP

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

went to

TWOEPBT

with the

W-T

Text

One winter Cal almost lost his sheep. He had about a hundred down in the field at the end of the old road. Before the really cold time came, Cal's father began talking about his riding down and getting the sheep up to their own barns.

Now Cal had a round, red face, and when he laughed everyone liked him. But he had away of putting things off, as he did with the sheep.

Cal went to bed early one night, and that same night it began to snow. He didn't know it until morning. Then he jumped out of bed and began to throw on his clothes. He rode his black horse through the snow down to the field. There were no sheep.

Cal thought of the old barn at the other side of the field, with no doors or windows and not much of a floor. Could they have gone there? He rode over and found them -- cold, hungry sheep.

Back went Cal to get help to clear the road. Men and horses came, and by night the sheep were home. Cal learned a lesson that time!

33.2.242 Betty’s Letter to Mary

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

and to

TAOPBD

any of

TPHEUF

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

I can

AOEUBG

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

one of

WUFPB

or the

ORT

plays

PHRAEUZ

Snow White

STPHOE WHAOEUT

so much

SOFP

to me

TPHE

we have

SWRAOE

Text

Dear Mary:

I am in the second grade this year. We have so much fun in our room.

Sometimes we put on plays. We read a story in one of our books. Then we make it into a play. We dress up in some old clothes that we have made over.

I like playing the mother or the grandmother in the story because then I can do my hair up on my head and put on a long dress.

The first grade comes to our room to see our plays. The play they liked best was the story of "The Easter Rabbit". The first grade teacher liked our play about "Snow White" the best of all.

We have to work in the second grade, too, Mary. I can read any of our books, and I write letters to my grandmother and to all my friends. Write to me soon.

Love,

Betty

33.2.243 Water on the Earth

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

as it

TAZ

as you

AUZ

at the

TE

can find

K-FPBD

in a

TPHA*EU

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

may be

PHA*EUB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

part of the

PAFRT

there is

THR-LGS

to find

TOFPBD

you can

UBG

Text

As Ann said, there is much water on the earth, in oceans, lakes, and rivers.

Most of you can find running water in a brook or river. Watch the water as it runs along.

How much water runs by as you stand and look at it! Enough water to fill many tanks runs through a little brook in one day.

Try to find a map of the world in your room. The water on the map may be blue or green. The land part of the map is some other color. Look at the water part of the world. The map shows that there is more water than land on the earth.

33.2.244 Of What Use are Flies?

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

and all

SKPAUL

and so

SAOPBD

as fast as

STPAFTS

at one

TWUPB

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

call the

KAULT

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

find it

TPHAOEUPBD

full of

TPUFL

how often

HOUFPB

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

is to

STO

learned that

THRAERPBD

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

so fast

SOFZ

so the

SOT

some of

SPHOF

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

there were

THR-RP

these are

THAOERS

they can

THEBG

things that

THAEUPBGS

this would

TH-LD

though the

THOET

we find

WEFPBD

we should

WERBD

what is

SWHA*

what you

WHAU

which can

KH-BG

without it

TWOUT

you ever

UFR

you know

KWRAOUPB

you think

UPBG

you will

HR*U

Text

How often people cry out, "Oh, I wish there were no flies! What is the use of a fly?"

But all things that God has made have their uses. And all God's works are worthy of study.

You have learned that worms are of great use. Let us see if Mrs. Fly does any good in the world.

Mrs. Fly is of great use to man. She helps keep him in health. Do you think that very strange?

People say, "Oh, these dirty flies!" And yet these "dirty flies" help to keep the world clean!

Now you know that over all the world, greet numbers of animals die each minute, and many of their bodies lie on the ground and decay.

The foul smell of such bodies in decay causes disease and death to men. In winter, and in cold places, such things do not decay so fast, and so do not make these bad odors.

But in hot days, if such dead things lie about, they will poison the air. Soon we should all be ill.

The work of Mrs. Fly is to lay many eggs in these dead bodies. In a few hours these eggs turn to grubs, and these grubs to little live worms, which begin to eat as fast as they can.

Soon they leave only dry bones, which can do no harm. They change the dead stuff into their own fat, live bodies.

You know that the crabs are among the street-cleaners of the sea. So the flies are among the street-cleaners of the air and land.

Did you ever watch flies dart about, here and there, with a flight like hawks? They are eating up small, evil things, too small for us to see. But these are yet big enough to hurt us if we should get them into our lungs.

Ask your teacher to tell you a little about your lungs.

In and about our homes many bits of things drop, and might decay and mould. This would make the air foul. But the busy and greedy fly drinks up all the soft part of these things.

So we see that what we call the dirty flies help to clean away much dirt.

Then, too, the fly serves for food for many birds, and fish, and frogs, and some insects. Some of these things we use for our food. Others are full of beauty, or are of use to us, each in its own way.

Thus, though the fly is often a trouble to us, we find it is not without its uses. Look at one of these little creatures through a glass that will magnify it. You will see that the poor insect has really much beauty.

From what you have read in this lesson you must not think that all foul smells kill, nor that things that have no bad smell are always safe. There are some gases that have no odor at all, which yet are very deadly.

33.2.245 A Box Turtle’s Nest

Selected Words

and it

SKPEUT

autumn

AUPLT

back to

TPWAOBG

come out

KPHOUT

did not

TKEUPBLT

I think

KWREUBG

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

of the

-FT

on that

THAOPB

out of

OUFT

she would

SHELD

they did

TKHE

through the

THRUT

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

turtle

TURLT

what was

WHAFS

who would

WHOLD

would not

WOPBLT

you would

ULD

Text

It was a sunny autumn day. Bright leaves blew about in the wind. Birds flew through the air on their way to the south.

Bob and Bill were walking through the fields. They liked to walk and look, and look and walk. They liked to find out what was happening out of doors.

"Oh, see!" said Bill. "Something is coming out of the ground."

"Where?" asked Bob.

"Right under that yellow leaf by the fence," said Bill.

The boys watched the place by the fence. A small turtle crawled out of the ground. It was not much bigger than a penny.

"Well, I never!" said Bob. "That looks like a new baby turtle."

"It walks so funny," said Bill.

"I think it is just learning how to walk," said Bob.

Soon another little turtle tried to come out of the ground. It worked and it worked. Then it, too, was out of the ground.

The boys watched. Four more baby turtles worked their way out of the ground.

The little turtles walked away through the grass.

The boys did not touch the turtles or take them in their hands. They watched very quietly. They did not make the turtles afraid.

Each baby turtle crawled away innocent leaves by the fence.

"Those turtles have just come out of the eggs," said Bill. "Who would ever know a turtle's nest was there?"

The mother turtle had spread earth over her nest. Some sticks and leaves were spread over the nest, too. Most of you would not know a nest was there.

One warm, summer day Mother Turtle had laid the eggs. She had spread earth and leaves over the nest. Then she had crawled away.

She did not come back to the nest. She did not watch the eggs. She would not need to take care of the baby turtles.

The eggs had stayed in the ground for three months. Then baby turtles had crawled out of the eggs. On that very day, Bob and Bill had found the nest.

33.2.246 A Look at an Ant

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

an ant

APB APBT

and also

SKPALS

and the

SKP-T

and you

SKPU

ant

A*PBT

are the

R-T

as well

SW*EL

as you

AUZ

between the

TWAOEPBT

by it

TPWEU

call the

KAULT

for the

TP-RT

have been

SR-B

I have

SREU

I shall

EURBL

if you

TPU

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

is to

STO

learn in

TPHRERPB

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

needs to be

TPHAOEBDZ

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

part of the

PAFRT

some of

SPHOF

than the

THAPBT

that is

THAS

that you

THAU

the two

TWOT

there are

THR-R

they can

THEBG

to me

TPHE

to the

TOT

to you

TOU

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

very much

SR-FP

what is

SWHA*

will be

HR-B

will say

HR-BZ

will you

HRU

would you

WOU

you can

UBG

you think

UPBG

you will

HR*U

you would

ULD

Text

You have been told that an insect is a living creature with a body made in rings, and divided into three parts. Most insects have six legs, four wings, and two feelers.

There is a great order of insects which we shall call the hook-wing family.

The wasp, the bee, the saw-fly, and ant belong to this family. They are the chief of all the insects. They can do many strange and curious things.

You will know insects of this great family by their wings. The front wings are larger than the the back ones. They fold back over them when at rest.

In flight the upper wings hook fast to the lower.

If you look careful at some kinds of insects, you will soon say I have tole you what is not quite true.

Why will you think that? You will say to me, "The fly has two wings, and not four." "The ant has no wings at all."

Ah, but wait until you study about ants and flies, and see if you will then think the same way.

The mouth of all the hook-wing insects has two jaws for cutting.

These insects have two big eyes, one on each side of the head. Between the two big eyes they have some little ones, on the top of the head.

You see insects are as well supplied with eyes as crabs are with legs.

The back part of an insect's body is made fast to the middle part by a small joint, or thread. That is because the insect needs to bend, or even double itself up, in some of its work.

The Hook-wing Order is divided into two great kinds.

The insects of one Kenned carry a little saw. The others carry a sword. The sword is a sting. The saw is to cut up leaves and wood to make nice soft nests or houses for the eggs. The sword is to fight with, or to kill things for food. Among the saw-carriers is the fine, long fly, called a saw-fly. Bees, ants, wasps, and others carry the sting.

Get one of these insects, and you will see all the parts of which I have told you.

Let us first take an ant to look at.

The head of an ant seems very large for its body, and the eyes seem very large for the head. The third or back part of the body is made in six rings.

On the tip or pointed end of the behind part of the body is the sting. On the part of the body, next the head, are set the six legs. These legs, and also the feet, have joints.

The wings are set on the upper side of the middle part of the body. The legs are set on its under side. There are four wings, -- two large and two small ones. The upper wings are larger than the lower ones.

Now I hear you cry out, "Oh, my ant has no wings!" Well, let me tell you a secret. The wings of your ant have been cut off, or unhooked, as you shall hear by and by.

There are many families of ants. Each has its own name and its own ways. All ants are very wise in their actions. I shall tell you many strange things about them. Ants have always been called "the wise insects." Would you not like to learn something about them?

Before you study the ants in any book, I wish you would go out into your garden or into the fields. Find an ant-hill, and sit or lie by it for an hour or so. Take some sure or bits of cake to feed the ants. Find out for yourselves all that you can about them. Facts that you learn in this way will be worth very much to you.

33.2.247 The Black and White Dog

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

come here

KPHAOER

did not

TKEUPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

have a

SRA

he has

HEZ

Peter

PAOERT

up to

TOUP

we could

WEBGD

will be

HR-B

you will

HR*U

Text

One day a little black and white dog came home from school with Peter. He came right up to Peter's house.

He did not go away.

"I do not know where this dog came from," said Peter to his father.

"If he has no home, we could let him have a home with us," said Father.

"Come here, little dog," said Peter. "You will be my dog now."

33.2.248 Mother Makes Bread

Selected Words

at a

T*A

cookie

KAOBG AO*E

could have

KOUF

have had

SR-D

that is

THAS

uses

AOUFS

you could

UBGD

Text

Our mother makes the best bread! She uses flour that is made from wheat. Sometimes she uses other kinds of flour.

The wheat must be ground at a mill. It makes fine, white, flour.

Mother makes cake and cookies, too. I ate a cookie for my supper. I wish you could have had one.

33.2.249 It’s Fun to Save

Selected Words

ago

AG

been to

TPWOPB

do you

TKOU

do you ever

TKOUFR

fun to

TPOUPB

have been

SR-B

he would

ELD

I'll

KWREUL

I have

SREU

I think

KWREUBG

money

PHUPB

said that

STHAEUD

that he

THAE

to the

TOT

today

TOED

we have

SWRAOE

will be

HR-B

you ever

UFR

Text

A few days ago Jim and Jack were playing indoors. "Do you ever save any money?" asked Jim.

"Yes," said Jack, "I have just put a dime in my toy bank. I'll soon have two dollars."

I said, "We have been to the city today. Father took us to a big bank. The banker said that he would put our money where it will be safe. I think it is fun to save money."

33.2.250 The Pet Show

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

be the

BT

Bobby

PWOB KWREU

in the

TPH-T

it a

TA*EU

of the

-FT

saying

SAEUG

so much

SOFP

that the

THAT

there were

THR-RP

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

you want

UPBT

Text

The children of the second grade gave a pet show. There were four cats and six dogs in the show. One boy brought his pet white rat, and his sister brought her new kitten. Some other boys brought a pair of brown rabbits, and a Bobby Smith brought his little white pig.

The pig looked very funny because Bobby had made it a dress of yellow paper. The pig jumped up and down so much that the dress came off all the time. Bobby had to keep saying, "Please, little pig! Please sit down! Don't you watt to be the best pet in the show?"

Bobby's pig was the best in the show. Everyone who came to the show said so.

33.2.251 On the Playground

Selected Words

at the

TE

because it

TPWAUS

David

TKAEUFD

do not

TKPHOT

doesn't

TKOPBT

for the

TP-RT

he said

HEBS

he would

ELD

if you

TPU

it was

T-FS

ready to

TKRAOE

to you

TOU

would not

WOPBLT

you should

URBD

Text

One day during recess a big boy broke David's bat. He said he would not pay for it, because it was just an old one. David was almost ready to cry. After recess David's teacher helped her class to make these rules for the playground:

1. If you break something that doesn't belong to you, you should pay for it.

2. Always wait for your turn at the swing.

3. Do not be mean if your team doesn't win the game.

33.2.252 Betty’s Birthday Party

Selected Words

balloon

PWHRAOPB

birthday

PW*RTD

birthday party

PWEURPT

good-bye

TKPWAOB

had a

HA

had had

H-D

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

more than

PH-RPB

when the

WHEPBT

who could

WHOBGD

years old

KWRAERLDZ

Text

Betty was nine years old in the month of June. Her mother invited nine little girls to a birthday party. The girls played games for more than an hour. They had a race to see who could carry the most beans in a spoon.

At six o'clock Betty's mother called the girls to supper. She had baked a cake and put nine candles on it. Beside each plate was a balloon or a horn from Betty. And each little gird had a small gift for her. When the girls said good-bye to Betty, they told her what fun they had had.

33.2.253 Ants and Their Trades

Selected Words

an ant

APB APBT

and have

SKP-F

are the

R-T

as large as

SHRARPBLGS

as soon as

S-PBS

as the

SAZ

as you

AUZ

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

but it

TPWUT

do not

TKPHOT

go into

TKPWHAO

he were

ERP

how much

HOUFP

I will

KWREUL

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is an

SA*PB

is by

SPWEU

is for

STPOR

is the

S-T

it would

T-LD

know the

TPHO*ET

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

off and

SKPOF

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

ready to

TKRAOE

run to

TOURPB

should have

SHOUF

some of

SPHOF

than the

THAPBT

that I

THAEU

that is

THAS

that many

THAEPL

that time

THAPLT

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

this is

TH-S

to be

TOB

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

we have

SWRAOE

will not

HR-PBLT

with the

W-T

you know

KWRAOUPB

you should

URBD

you will

HR*U

Text

Since you know that bees, ants, and wasps all belong to the same great family of living creatures, you will not wonder that many of their ways are alike.

You know there are wasps and bees that live alone.

You have read how, in the spring, Mrs. Social Wasp builds her home and raises a broad, of babies. These, as soon as full-grown, begin to build more rooms and nurse the next babies. Mrs. Ant does as Mrs. Wasp does.

Mrs. Ant begins a new hill, and as her children grow they help her. But Mrs. Ant does not often begin her hill in the spring. She chooses the early fall to begin work.

As the eggs change into working ants, Mrs. Ant gets plenty of help in her work.

You have seen bees swarm, and hang in a bunch, or curtain. Ants also cling together and form balls. But this is for warmth or safety. It is called "snugging." In some lands, in times of flood, ants form balls as large as your play ball. Thus they can float on the water, and do not drown.

As Mrs. Wasp makes paper, so Mrs. Ant can make a thin paper, for her nest. But it is poor paper, not so good as Mrs. Wasp makes. Mrs. Wasp is the chief of the paper-makers.

I told how how one Mrs. Bee cuts leaves to line her nest. So one Mrs. Ant does. With cut leaves she lines a neat little nest. As the spider makes a fine spun ball to put her babies in, there is an ant that makes a woolly nest.

You have read of the Tower Spider, that builds a neat tower of sticks, straw, and grass over her nest. There is an ant that thatches its hill in much the same way.

There is a broken ant that is a mason. She makes her nest of little balls of mud, laid up like bricks in a wall.

Then there is a carpenter, as there is a carpenter bee. These carpenters cut their way into trees and logs. In this manner they do much harm.

These ants hollow out the inside of a tree, or beam, until it is ready to fall to pieces.

Besides their other trades, the ants know the trade of war. There are soldier ants. Ants are mild and kind to each other while at work. But they are brave, and have armies for war.

It is odd to see how much ant ways and ant soldiers are like human ways and human soldiers.

The ants make war to get slaves, or servants. I will tell you more of that in the next lesson. They also make war to get cows, as you will hear by and by. They seem to have some other reasons for war.

When the ant army marches, it keeps in line and order. It seems to have captains to rule and lead it. Scouts go before to seek out the way.

The ant-hill has some soldiers for sentries, to see that no danger comes near. When a work ant gets into trouble, it would run to a soldier for help. The soldier ants do not appear to be cross. They have very large heads, as if they wore big hats. Some of them have smooth heads and some, hairy heads. They eat much and love to sleep.

The soldier ants do not do much work. They rouse up only for a battle. In a ant-hill, the soldiers are larger, and often more in number, than the other ants.

The workers are the smallest ants in a hill. There are fewer queens than any other kind, except after drone ants go off and die. At that time there are very few drones.

In a battle, two ants will often cling to each other by that I jaws, until both die. The usual way in which an ant soldier kills a foe is by cutting off the head.

Sometimes the battle ends without any killing. At other times the ants are very fierce, and large numbers are cut to pieces.

When strange ants get into a hill, sometimes they are driven out; sometimes they are killed; sometimes they are treated kindly.

I put a black ant into the gate of a city of brown ants. You should have seen how they drove him out! He ran as if he were wild with fear. Three or four brown ants came after him to the edge of their hill.

But though some strange ants are cast out so fiercely, there are two or three kinds of beetles which go into ant-hills and live with the ants. The ants do not harm them in any way. You shall hear about that when we have some lessons about beetles.

33.2.254 Mr. Worm’s Cottage by the Sea

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

and you

SKPU

as large as

SHRARPBLGS

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

at the

TE

between the

TWAOEPBT

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

have a

SRA

have been

SR-B

how easy it

HOU TEZ

I had

H*EU

if I

TPEU

if the

TP-T

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

is also

SHR-S

is by

SPWEU

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

jack o'lantern

Jack O'lantern

SKWRABG OE HRAPB TERPB

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

one is

SW*UPB

some of

SPHOF

such as

SUFPS

that are

THAR

the two

TWOT

there are

THR-R

these are

THAOERS

they can

THEBG

to have

TOF

we find

WEFPBD

will find

HR-FPBD

with the

W-T

would be

WOB

would have

WOUF

would have been

WOUFB

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

you will

HR*U

Text

On the seashore you will find two or three kinds of worms. These are called "Tube Worms," from the shape of the houses which they build. Some of them are called "Swimming Worms."

The swimming worm is cousin to another family of creatures which look like worms, but have many feet. They have a name which means "many feet."

You know that on most of the rings, in the body of the worm, are hairs or hooks. You can see how easy it would be for these to become feet. Now each animal seems to have parts that are like some other animals, and some new forms of its own.

Thus, next the worm, with his rings and hooks, comes another animal with rings and feet. Of all the ring animals, Mr. Worm is the pattern, and after him comes his cousin, Mr. Many-Feet.

Then, while Mr. Many-Feet is like Mr. Worm, he is also like Mrs. Fly, and seems to come between the two, a little related to both.

Now let us look at the seaside worms. Here we find some worms that have eyes. We also find some that have little hard teeth, set in a ring inside their mouths. There are some that have fine plumes, as gay as any bird. These poor worms gleam like a rainbow.

New parts can grow on these worms as well as on the earthworm, or even better. Some say that they can even get a new head if the old one is lost.

Some of these worms can bore into very hard things, as wood or stone. Some of them shine like a fire. Ask some one to tell you of this kind of light; it is like what we call Jack O'Lantern.

Dig in the sea sand anywhere, and you will find worms, black, brown, green, red, orange. They bore through sand and mud, and move very fast.

It is not yet known how these worms bore into stone and wood. Perhaps it is by means of some acid stuff in their mouths. Perhaps it is by a file, such as Mr. Drill has.

If you look along the sea sand of some shores, you will find the tube-homes of these sea worms. In their way of making a shell-home, and making it larger as they grow, they are like the little shellfish you have read of.

Most of these tube-homes are small, but some are very large. A gentleman told me he had one with the bore or hole as large as his arm.

These worms by the sea serve as food for many fish and other creatures. You know that nearly all fish like to eat worms, and that they are used for bait. The boy who knew nothing else about worms knew they made good bait.

He would have been full of wonder if I had told him that large worms are used for food by men in some parts of the world. In this country we do not make use of such food.

33.2.255 The Life of an Ant

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

an ant

APB APBT

and are

SKP-R

and have

SKP-F

and more

SKPHOR

are also

R-LS

are not

R-PBLT

are the

R-T

as it

TAZ

as the

SAZ

at one

TWUPB

at the

TE

been in

TPWH-PB

come out

KPHOUT

do you

TKOU

five times

TPAOEUPLS

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

have been

SR-B

how do

TKHOU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

is to

STO

it must

TPHUFT

learn about

PWHRERPB

may be

PHA*EUB

much as

PHUFPS

needs to be

TPHAOEBDZ

of the

-FT

often in

TPHOFPB

on the

OPBT

one time

WAOEUPL

or the

ORT

out and

SKPOUT

out of

OUFT

ready to

TKRAOE

run to

TOURPB

she has

SHEZ

sisters and brothers

STABT -S

so many

SOEPL

that is

THAS

them to

THOEUPL

they can

THEBG

they was

THEFS

those of

THOEFS

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

up to

TOUP

very much

SR-FP

we find

WEFPBD

when it

TWHEPB

when the

WHEPBT

when you

WHU

worker ant

WORBG/*ER/APBT

you can

UBG

you think

UPBG

Text

In ant-hills we find drone ants, queen ants, and worker ants. The drone ants have no sting and do no work. Their bodies are longer and more slim than those of Queens. The drone ants have wings.

The queen ants also have wings. They have stings, and their bodies are round and dark.

The workers are smaller than Queens and drones. They are also darker, and have no wings and no stings. Workers are of two sizes, large and small. They are the builders, nurses, soldiers, and servants of the others.

In an ant-hill there may be many queens at one time. Often the ant-queens work. They are both mothers and queens. They will also act as soldiers. The queen ant is not like the queen bee, who will allow no other queen to live near her.

The word "queen" may make you think that this ant rules the rest. That is not so. Ants have no leader and no ruler. Each ants seems to act as it pleases.

The chief work of the queen ant is to lay eggs. In a short time, out of each egg comes a lively, hungry, little baby ant. It is called a larva. A larva is like a small white worm.

This little being needs to be washed, fed, kept warm and dry, and taken into the air and sun. It must be cared for, very much as the baby in your home is cared for.

The workers, who act as nurses, are very kind to the young larvae. How do they wash these little things? They lick them all over, as the cat licks the kitten. They use such care that they keep them nearly as white as snow.

The nurses feed the baby ants four or five times each day. The nurses prepare the food in their crops, to make it soft and fit for the little ants.

The nurses stroke and smooth the larva baby. It seems as if they patted and petted it. When the weather is cold, they keep the larvae indoors. When it is warm and dry, they hurry to carry them up to the top of the hill. They place them there to bask in the sun.

If any rain comes, or the hill is broken, the nurses run to carry the babies to a safe place.

When the larva is full grown, it spins around itself a little fine net, which wraps it all up. When people see these white bundles in the ant-hills, they call them "ant-eggs." They are not eggs. They are pupa-cases. In them the baby ants are getting ready to come out, with legs and wings, as full-grown ants.

The pupa-cases are of several sizes. The largest ones are for queens and drones. The next size holds large workers; the smallest cases hold the smallest workers.

There are often in the hills very wee ants called dwarf ants. When you study more about ants in other books, you can learn about the dwarfs.

After the ants have been in the little cases some time, they are ready to come out. The nurse ants help them to get free.

Many hundreds come out of the cases. They crowd the old home so full that they can scarcely find room to move about.

Then they see the light shine in at the little gates on the top of the hill. They feel the warmth of the sun. They crawl out.

They push upon each other. The hill is not wide and high enough for so many uncles and cousins and sisters and brothers.

Young ants, like young people, wish to set up for themselves in a new home. They spread their fine wings. Off they fly!

They swarm as the bees do. As they rise high from the earth, they drift off on the wind.

Very many of them tire out and die, or are blown into the water, and are drowned.

A few live and settle on places fit for a new ant-hill. It is the mother or queen ant, who chooses the new home.

When she has found the right place, what do you think she does? She takes off her wings, as she does not care to fly any more.

Thant does not tear off her wings. She unhooks them, and let us them fall away, and does not seem to miss them.

33.2.256 What Plants Need to Grow

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all of

A*UFL

all the

AULT

at the

TE

begins to

STKPWOEUPBS

came in

TKPHAEUPL

every day

*EFRD

found out that

TPOUPBD THOT

from the

TPR-T

go into

TKPWHAO

hard to

THAORD

have the

SR-T

how the

HOUT

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is an

SA*PB

is the

S-T

it has

T-Z

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

learned that

THRAERPBD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

put it

TPUT

then the

THEPBT

through the

THRUT

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

where the

W-RT

Text

The children in miss snow's room want to have gardens in the windows of their schoolroom.

They took good soil from the outdoor garden and put it into window boxes. Then they started plants in these boxes. They put the plants carefully in the soil.

They worked hard to take care of their plants in the right way. They learned that plants must have the right kind of air. All living things must have air.

They learned that their plants needed warm air. They put their plants where the air was not too dry.

Sometime a little wind came in through the window or through the door. The children tried to keep wind away from their plants. They tried to give their plants the right kind of air.

Some plants need more water than other plants do. The children had some plants like those in the picture at the top of the page. They put water on these plants every day.

The plants below need little water. The children gave a little water to these plants about once in two weeks.

Some plants live in water. The children gave the water plants all the water they needed.

All living things need some water.

The children found out that plants must have light. Some plants need more light than others do, but all of their plants needed some light. The plant in the picture at the top of the page needs much bright sunlight. The chin put this plant near the window.

The plant below grows well where the bright sunlight does not reach it.

The chin put the plant in a dark room. They watered it every day, but in a short time the plant stopped growing.

Here is the life story of a bean seed.

Do you see the tiny plant in the seed? At first the seed itself gives food to the young plant.

Look at each picture to see how the tiny plant grows and changes. At last it is an old plant. It has seeds of its own.

These seeds go into the ground. The ground is warm and wet. The new plant begins to grow inside the seed. Then the life story takes place all over again.

33.2.257 Finding Your Way

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

and find

SKP-FPBD

by it

TPWEU

for the

TP-RT

group of

TKPWRAOUFP

hard to

THAORD

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

may be

PHA*EUB

of the

-FT

or the

ORT

that the

THAT

they know

TH*EPB

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

you can

UBG

Text

On any journey a map is a useful guide. With it you may follow your route and find your way. A few people seem to be able to tell directions anywhere. One reason may be that they watch the sun, moon, and stars. They know that the sun will always rise in the east and set in the west. At night during a storm it is hard to keep from getting lost, but on a clear night the stars help you. Look for the group of stars called the Big Dipper. You can tell it by its handle and its shape. The outer edge of the Big Dipper will point to the North Star.

33.2.258 Saturday Swimming

Selected Words

down the

TKOUPBT

Franklin

TPRAPBG/HREUPB

he did it

TKE/T

if the

TP-T

is no

STPHO

it was

T-FS

lots of

HROFTS

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

Text

The boys got up early Saturday morning to go swimming. They always went down the road a short way to Mr. Franklin's pond. The water was clean and cold there, and Mr. Franklin didn't care if the boys used his board or his boats. It was lots of fun jumping off the end of the board into deep water.

Bob did it six times till he hurt his nose. At first he cried a bit but he did it right over again.

His brother Ralph knew it was time for Bob to stop. Ralph tried to stop him, but Bob kept right on jumping tell he heard the breakfast bell ring. Then he raced up the road and got home before Ralph did.

33.2.259 At the Circus

Selected Words

circus

SEUR KUS

elephant

EL TPAPBT

got a

TKPWAOEUT

had a

HA

I had

H*EU

peanut

PAOEPBT

pony

POE TPHEU

to the

TOT

Text

Uncle Tom took Bob and Betty and Jack and me to the circus. Each of us had five cents to spend. I had a ride on a pony that ran very fast. Jack got a bag of peanuts and gave some to the elephants. A clown made a funny face at Betty. We all laughed then.

33.2.260 Untitled

Selected Words

and she

SKPHE

and she can

SKPHEBG

did not

TKEUPBLT

Fido

TPAOEU TKOE

she can

SHEBG

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

Text

Can Mary write?

Yes, she can write on her slate, and she can make pictures on it.

Let me hear you read, Fido.

Did Fido read for Mary?

O no! Dogs cannot read.

Fido did not want to read.

He cannot read his name.

33.2.261 The Style Show

Selected Words

afternoon

AFPB

and she

SKPHE

at the

TE

Debby

- -

had a

HA

I don't

KWROPBT

I don't know

KWROEPB

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

princess

PREUPB SES

said that

STHAEUD

she could

SHEBGD

that she

STHAE

Text

One Friday afternoon the girls in the third grade had a style show for their dolls. They dressed them in pretty clothes and put them on the teacher's desk. The children were invited to pass the desk and look at the dolls.

The prize doll wore a pink dress with hat and shoes to match. She could talk, and she could also open and shut her eyes. Susan said that she looked like a fairy princess.

Debby said, "I never saw such pretty dolls in all my life. I don't know which one of them I like best."

33.2.262 Cougars at Home

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

as a

SA*Z

cougar

KAOUG A*R

front of

TPROFPBT

have a

SRA

he would

ELD

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is about

SPW

is not

S-PBLT

it has

T-Z

it was

T-FS

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

she was

SHEFS

to be

TOB

would have

WOUF

Text

It was the end of day. The sun was going down. Mother cougar and her four kittens waited for father cougar. Soon he would come to them with food.

Mother cougar and the kittens lay on the floor of their home. It was a good home. It was away from rain and cold winds. It was away from most enemies of cougars.

This cougar family had made their home on the side of a mountain. It was in a place where great rocks made a floor and a roof. It was a cave among the rocks. The cave was like a small room under the ground.

At the front of the cave was a hole. This hole was just big enough to be used as a door. The cougars went in and out of the cave through this hole.

Mother cougar lay near the hole. She was watching for father cougar. Soon her ears moved a little. She knew that father cougar was near.

Then she saw him standing in the doorway. In his mouth was a young goat. The cougars would have a dinner of goat that night.

A cougar is a beautiful animal. Its color is light brown. It has a fine-looking coat are fur.

A cougar has a big strong body. It is about five feet long. Its tail is long and heavy.

The cougar's legs are strong. Its paws are big, and its claws are long and sharp.

A cougar has a big head. Its mouth is not very big, but the teeth are sharp and strong.

33.2.263 How Bob and Betty Get Milk

Selected Words

at the

TE

before the

PW-FRT

bottle

PWO*LT

breakfast

PWR-FT

fun to

TPOUPB

in the

TPH-T

mew

PHAO*U

milkman

PH*EULG PHA*PB

o'clock

KHRO*BG

she says

SHEBSZ

she wants

SHEPTS

Taffy

TAF TPEU

that the

THAT

when she

SWHE

Text

Each morning before the sun is up, the milkman comes to Uncle Tom's house. When Bob and Betty get up at seven o'clock, Bob brings in the bottles that the milkman has left at the door. Both Bob and Betty drink a glass of milk for breakfast. Taffy, Betty's pet kitten, wants some milk, too. They think it is fun to watch her drink it. She does not stop until it is all gone. When she wants to ask for more, she says, "Mew, mew!"

33.2.264 The Changing Moon

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

above the

PWOFT

as it

TAZ

at the

TE

back to

TPWAOBG

bright light

PWR-LT

but it

TPWUT

can you

KU

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

goes to

TKPWOS

has been

HAB

have had

SR-D

have the

SR-T

he says

HEBSZ

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is going

STKPW-G

is the

S-T

just in

STKPWHRUFT

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

out to

TPOUT

part of the

PAFRT

she can

SHEBG

she has

SHEZ

she is

SHES

this is

TH-S

to the

TOT

train to

TRAOEUPB

we have

SWRAOE

will be

HR-B

will not

HR-PBLT

you can

UBG

you will

HR*U

Text

Mary is happy. Grandmother is coming for a visit. She is coming just in time for supper.

Father, Mother, and Mary are at the train to meet her. On the way home they see the moon in the sky.

Where is the moon in the picture? You can see just a small part of the moon tonight. But it gives a bright light.

It is just a week since Grandmother came to visit. It is Mary's birthday. Bill and Martha have had supper at Mary's house.

They are going home in the bright moonlight. The big round moon is starting to shine above the hill.

Look at the moon in the picture. Does it look as it did when Grandmother came?

Now the moon gives the earth much light. Look at the children's shadows in the bright moonlight.

It is two weeks since Grandmother came. It is twelve o'clock at night. Jip is barking. Mother and Father and Mary have waked up. Father has gone out to see why Jip is barking.

Mary is looking out of the window. The moon is coming up behind the hill. It is the same moon she watched on her birthday, but tonight she can see just a part of it.

Soon Father comes back into the house.

"Some animal tried to get our chickens," he says. "But Jip scared it away. We must go back to sleep now."

The moon shines on in the sky. Does it look as it did when Grandmother came?

One more week has gone by. It is Mary's bedtime. The clock strikes eight.

Mary always looks out of the window before she goes to bed. She likes to look at the night sky.

"You will not see the moon tonight," her mother says. "This is the dark of the moon. They will be no moonlight all night.

"Look for the moon tomorrow night," her mother tells her. "Then you will see a little part of the moon. You will see the new moon."

Still another week has gone by. It is just four weeks since Grandmother came to Mary's house. She has been there about a month. Tonight she is going home.

Mother, Father, and Mary have come to the train with Grandmother. It is almost supper time. Grandmother will have supper on the train. She will sleep on the train.

A little moon is in the sky. It looks the way it did when Grandmother came.

In four more weeks, the moon will look the same way again. The moon makes the same changes every month.

The moon looks a little different each week.

In the first week it looks as it did when Mary's grandmother came to visit. We can see just a small part of the moon. Just a small part of the moon gives us light. This is called the moon's first quarter.

The second week the moon looks big and round. This is the way it looked on Mary's birthday. This is the second quarter. It is called the full moon.

The third week just a part of the moon gives us light. The moon looked this way when Jip waked up Mary's family. This is the moon's third, or last quarter.

In the fourth week we have the dark of the moon. For one night no light comes to us from the moon.

Just a month has gone by since the beginning of the first week. Now we see a very little light it at the other edge of the moon. This is called the new moon. Can you tell why?

33.2.265 Heat and Light from Our Sun

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

able to

TAOEUBL

all the

AULT

as much

SPHUFP

as you

AUZ

can feel

K-FL

can feel

KHROUP

do you

TKOU

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

earth is

S*ERT

from the

TPR-T

front of

TPROFPBT

in all

TPHAUL

in front

STPROPBT

in our

TPHOUR

is a

SA*EU

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

part of the

PAFRT

than the

THAPBT

that the

THAT

there would

THR-LD

they did

TKHE

things that

THAEUPBGS

to understand

TOPBDZ

very, very

SRE SRE

we know

W*EPB

with the

W-T

would be

WOB

would not

WOPBLT

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

At night our half of the earth is dark. At night our half of the earth cools off a little. We know why it is dark at night. The sun is shining on the other half of the earth. Only the stars, planets, and moon are shining in our night sky. They give us very little light.

The stars are bright. Many of them are even brighter than our sun. The stars are hot. Many of them are even hotter than our sun. Yet they give us very little heat. Do you know why?

This may help you to understand why our nights are cooler than our days. Try holding your hand just over your mother's toaster. You can feel the heat from the hot wires. Now pull your hand farther and farther away. Does your hand get cooler or warmer as you pull it away? Try holding your hands near the screen in front of your fireplace. Now step farther away. Do your hands get as much heat as they did?

So it is with the heat from the stars. They are such a great distance from the earth that they heat it only a very, very little.

In the daytime our sun heats our half of the earth. It is nearer to us than the other stars are. It gives us more heat than the other stars give.

Yet only a small part of the heat of the sun reaches us. Only a very small part of the light of the sun reaches us. The sun sends heat and light out in all directions. We get only the part of the heat and light that comes in our direction.

It is a good things that the earth does not get all the sun's heat and light. Our earth would then be very, very hot. Our earth would then be very, very hot. We would not be able to live as we now do. Our life would be very different. Maybe there would be no life upon the earth at all. The earth would be so very, very hot.

33.2.266 A Tree Grows Up

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and more

SKPHOR

and the

SKP-T

as a

SA*Z

but it

TPWUT

could not

KOPBLT

did not

TKEUPBLT

down the

TKOUPBT

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

he said

HEBS

he was

EFS

if the

TP-T

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

it was

T-FS

may be

PHA*EUB

more than

PH-RPB

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

on and

SKPOPB

some of

SPHOF

than the

THAPBT

that time

THAPLT

then the

THEPBT

there was

THR-FS

there were

THR-RP

they could

THEBGD

they want

THEPT

they were

THERP

this is

TH-S

this was

TH-FS

to the

TOT

where the

W-RT

years ago

KWRAOERGS

Text

A great old maple tree grows in Mary's yard. Its branches are higher than the house. In spring Mary watches the birds as they make nests among the leaves.

She often place in the shade of the old maple tree. One afternoon more than thirty people sat in its wide shade.

This great tree was once a little seed. The seed had two wings. You have seen many of these seeds if the children sometimes call them "polly noses."

On a bright spring day, the seed left its tree. The warm wind carried it about. It sailed and sailed in the air. It fell to the ground away from the mother tree.

In a fee weeks a tiny tree was growing from the seed. This was two hundred years ago. Mary's house was not here at that time. Her grandchild's great-great grandfather was only a boy. There were no railroads in those days. There were no telephones. There were no electric lights. George Washington was a young man.

This tiny tree did not grow up quickly. It did not grow up easily.

At first the ground around its roots was soft and wet. The roots grew and the trunk grew. But then the roots came to hard rock. They could not go straight down into the rock. So they went out around the rock. Under the ground the roots of the big maple tree look like this.

The little tree had to push its way up among many other trees. They were oak trees and other maples. Some of these grew in close around the young maple. They took water from the soil. They made shade so that it was hard for the little tree to get sunlight. But it grew and grew.

Storms came. One night the wind blue down a great tree. It fell against the little tree. It pushed the little tree almost down to the ground.

But the little tree did not stop growing. It was no longer a straight little tree. It grew up around the trunk of the fallen tree.

As the years went by, the young tree grew. It had many seeds of its own. Many birds built nests in its branches.

At last it was a big tree. Then there was fighting in the land. One night the tree saved a man's life. He stayed all night, high up in the wide branches. In the morning he was safe from his enemies.

More and more people came to the land where the tree was growing. They cut down many of the trees. They built houses. A town grew up.

Mary's great-great-grandfather built his house near the tree.

"This is a fine old tree," he said. "We shall take good care of it."

After the other trees were cut down, it was easier for the maple tree to keep on growing. It had more sunlight. There was room in the soil for its roots. It grew bigger and bigger.

Some day a storm may strike down the old maple tree. It may get sick, as a tree sometimes does. Beetles or other insects may try to eat its wood.

But Mary's family will take good care of the tree. They will try to keep away the insects. They will try to keep the tree from getting sick. They want the tree to live on and on.

Mary may be a grandmother some day. Her grandchildren may play in the shade of the old maple tree.

33.2.267 Untitled

Selected Words

have a

SRA

is not

S-PBLT

is this

STH

Sally

SA*L HREU

that is

THAS

Tony

TOEPB KWREU

will not

HR-PBLT

year old

KWRAERLD

Text

Will Tony have a yam? Yes. Is this potato a yam? Yes, that is its name.

Sally is lazy; she will not hold the baby. The baby is not yet a year old.

33.2.268 The Story of the Stag Beetle

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

and this

STHAPBD

are a

RA*

are the

R-T

as you

AUZ

at the

TE

business is

SPWEUS

do not

TKPHOT

during the

TKURGT

from the

TPR-T

has been

HAB

he has

HEZ

hold up

HOUP

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is to

STO

it has

T-Z

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

ready to

TKRAOE

she has

SHEZ

sort of

SOFRT

that the

THAT

these are

THAOERS

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

this is

TH-S

we have

SWRAOE

when it

TWHEPB

will not

HR-PBLT

with the

W-T

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

you should

URBD

you will

HR*U

Text

Among the largest beetles that we have in this country are the Stag Beetles. They get this name from the size of their jaws.

If you look at the picture, you will see that the great jaws look like horns. If you should ever see the head of a stag or deer, you may notice that this beetle's jaws are very like the stag's horns in shape.

These jaws can give a very hard pinch in time of need. Still, you need not be afraid of the stag beetle; he will not hurt you.

The use of these great jaws is not yet fully known. You will see that they have knobs on the inner edge.

Only Mr. Stag Beetle has these horns. Mrs. Stag Beetle has small jaws, and her head is not so wide as her shoulders. Mr. Stag Beetle has a very wide head. He needs a wide, strong head to hold up his big jaws.

If you will look at the large beetle in the picture "Are We Related," You will see that its feelers are like a plume of six feathers. These feathers are so set that the beetle can fold them on each other into a single club, as you can fold a fan. They are called scale-feelers.

The stag beetle has also curious feelers. They are made in scales, but he cannot close them into a club. The scales are set like the teeth of a comb. He has comb-feelers. Perhaps they are of use to him in cleaning his body and legs.

These stag beetles during the day crawl about on trees. They fly by night. Their eggs are usually laid in the trunks of old oak trees.

The larva of the stag beetle has six strong legs and a pair of strong jaws for cutting leaves and wood. The bark, wood, leaves, and roots of the oak and willow are their chief food.

This larva is very large, and lies with its body curled in a half-ring. If you look at it, you will see that it has nine round spots down its side, on the rings of its body. It looks as if it wore a coat with big buttons on the side.

Now let me tell you a new wonder. These buttons are the air-holes through which this larva breathes. Come, let us hear the whole story of the insect's breathing.

You know you draw the air in through your nose and mouth, and this air fills your lungs. You know also that the insect breathes through long, fine tubes. They are kept open with a stiff thread, and wound over all its body.

Now these tubes have openings for air to pass in and out. These can open and close. In shape they are a little like the lid of a glass jar. These are the holes that we see so clearly along the side of the body of this larva. Both the larva and the pupa must breathe, or they cannot live.

The larva of a stag beetle lives and grows for four or six years; then it passes into the pupa state. When it is ready to change, it makes a case for itself of the fine chips, the juice of which it has been sucking. It binds this sort of coarse sawdust together with glue from its mouth.

When the stag beetle finally comes from the pupa-case, he is a fine-looking fellow. His head and chest are black, with fine dots like carving. His wing-cases are a deep chestnut.

There are some stag beetles that never get the large, strong horns. We do not know why this is so. Mr. Stag Beetle with the horns fights with and beats his cousin who have no horns.

Stag beetles are fond of fighting. They are like Mr. Crab in that. They have duals with each other.

Mr. Stag Beetle does not behave in this way. She looks on at the fight, but takes no part in it. Her business is to lay eggs in safe places. She has no time to fight. And then -- she has no horns!

33.2.269 Camping in the North Woods

Selected Words

a little

O*ERDZ

and I

SKPEU

at once

TWUPBS

back to

TPWAOBG

began to

STKPWAOPB

camping

KA*PLG

down the

TKOUPBT

in the

TPH-T

looking

HRAOG

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

other side

O*ERDZ

out of

OUFT

that morning

HR-LT

they were

THERP

to the

TOT

until the

TPH-LT

we were

WERP

Text

One hot afternoon Bob and I sat together on the bank of the river to clean some fish. We were camping in the North Woods. Fishing had been good that morning. Now we worked until the sun began to go down behind the dark trees on the other side of the river.

Then Bob built the fire. The blue smoke of wood burning told me the fire was nearly ready. So were my fish. I put them on to cook. When they were nice and brown, I called Bob to bring the dishes, and we sat down to eat our supper.

It was getting cold now, and Bob threw some more wood on the fire. All at once we heard a little noise. Looking down the river, we saw a deer walk out of the woods and go down to the river for a drink. We both sat quite still. The deer was so beautiful under the evening sky that we wanted her to stay and not be afraid. She took her drink and went back to the woods, never once looking up our way.

33.2.270 Jane’s Book

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all of

A*UFL

all of the

AUFLT

all right

HR-RT

All right

HRAOEURBLT

all the

AULT

and could

SKP-BGD

could not

KOPBLT

didn't

TK-PBT

doing

TKO*G

in this

STHEUPBS

Jane

SKWRAEUPB

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

she wanted

SHEPTD

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

Text

Jane is reading a book about three black cats. Jane likes the book because the cats are doing something all the time.

One of the cats wanted to eat a little doll. One of the cats went up the Christmas tree and could not get down. Jane likes the cats in this book.

Jane didn't want to go to bed because one of the black cats ran away. She wanted to read all of the book to see if that cat got back home all right.

33.2.271 Little Brown Hen

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

and the

SKP-T

began to

STKPWAOPB

did not

TKEUPBLT

gather the

TKPWAERT

I did

TK*EUD

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

until the

TPH-LT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

we find

WEFPBD

Text

"Our hens lay their eggs in the barn and the henhouse," said Ruth. "Every evening Dick and I gather the eggs in a pail or a basket. We count them and mark the number we find on a card. One day we found twenty eggs.

"Last spring my little brown hen wanted to set. I made her a nest of straw. She sat on her eggs until they hatched. Then she had twelve little chickens. I did not feed the baby chicks the first day. Later I fed them bread crumbs and milk. Soon they began to look for food themselves."

33.2.272 When Water Does Not Help

Selected Words

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

can be

K-B

of the

-FT

part of the

PAFRT

they can

THEBG

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

to the

TOT

too much

TAOFP

why are

KWR-R

Text

Sometimes water does not help living things. It hurts them.

Too much rain does not help a garden. It may wash away the seeds you have just planted. It may wash away young plants that have just started to grow.

Look at the ground as the rain comes down. Watch the puddles and little runs of water made by the rain. Does the rain wash away part of the soil in your garden?

Too much rain may hurt fruit and berries. Days and days of rain may make vegetables so soft that they cannot be eaten.

In some places spring may bring too much rain. Brooks and rivers have more water than they can hold. Then floods come to the land. Floods can be bad for many living things.

You know why floods are bad for people. In what ways are they bad for many animals? Why are floods bad for many plants?

33.2.273 The Market

Selected Words

come in

TKPHOPL

first time

TPEURT

he would

ELD

how the

HOUT

I had

H*EU

it was

T-FS

Jo

SKWRO*E

that I

THAEU

that she

STHAE

to the

TOT

Text

Aunt Jo took Betty and me to the market. We helped her to fill the big basket that she carried on her arm. It was the first time that I had seen the market. I asked the market man if he would tell us how the vegetables get to the city. He told us that most of them come in trucks.

33.2.274 What Causes Day and Night?

Selected Words

at one

TWUPB

at the

TE

call this

TKHAUL

can be

K-B

earth is

S*ERT

happens to

THAOPS

how much

HOUFP

how much of

SHOUFP

if you

TPU

is the

S-T

it can

T-BG

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one time

WAOEUPL

part of the

PAFRT

that is

THAS

they say

THEBZ

this is

TH-S

to find

TOFPBD

to understand

TOPBDZ

what happens

WHAPS

why the

KWR-T

you can

UBG

you will

HR*U

Text

Scientists call this spinning of the earth rotation. They say the earth spins, or rotates, once every twenty-four hours.

Look at your globe at school. Spin it around very fast. Spin it from west to east. That is the way the earth really rotates. It spins from west to east.

The rotation of the earth causes day and night. Now let us try to find out for ourselves why this is so. Place a globe, our earth, on a table. Have someone hold a lighted flashlight near the globe. The flashlight is the sun. If you can darken your classroom you will understand this experiment better.

Look at the globe. How much of the earth is lighted? How much of the earth is dark?

Now find the place on the globe where you live. Then rotate the globe from west to east. Move it slowly. Keep your eye on the spot where you live. What happens to this place on the globe? Does it have light part of the time? Does it have darkness part of the time?

Has this experiment helped you to understand why the place where you live has day part of the time and night the rest of the time? Since the earth is round, only half of it can be lighted at one time. For about twelve hours you have day. For about twelve hours you have night.

33.2.275 The Little Sexton

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

all the

AULT

and is

SKP-S

and more

SKPHOR

and the

SKP-T

are not

R-PBLT

as a

SA*Z

as it

TAZ

as you

AUZ

before the

PW-FRT

begins to

STKPWOEUPBS

call it

TKAUL

come out

KPHOUT

even if

TPAOEPB

from the

TPR-T

has been

HAB

have a

SRA

he has

HEZ

he said

HEBS

hold up

HOUP

I have

SREU

I wanted

EUPTD

I was

EUFS

I will

KWREUL

if the

TP-T

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is that

STHA

is the

S-T

it was

T-FS

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

leave it

THREF

may be

PHA*EUB

no one

TPHOEUPB

now the

TPHOUT

of a

AEUF

of course

-FBG

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

out of

OUFT

over it

TOEFR

she has

SHEZ

she is

SHES

she knows

SH*EPBS

shut up

SHUP

than the

THAPBT

that is

THAS

that she

STHAE

the two

TWOT

there is

THR-LGS

they can

THEBG

they were

THERP

things to

THOEUPBGS

this is

TH-S

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

to find

TOFPBD

walk in

TPWHAUBG

what he

WHAE

what is

SWHA*

what she

SWHAE

when I

WHEU

when it

TWHEPB

when the

WHEPBT

when you

WHU

where she

SWRE

where the

W-RT

which she

SKHE

who was

WHOFS

will be

HR-B

world is

SWORLD

would be

WOB

you can

UBG

you will

HR*U

Text

Once, when I was a little girl, I saw a dark beetle standing on its hind pair of legs. It was holding its forelegs clasped over its head, as you can hold up your hands.

An old man who was near said, "That is a holy bug, and shows what man ought to do. It is saying its prayers. People call it the ' praying beetle'"

I think the old man meant what he said, but of course the beetle was neither holy nor praying. The queer way of standing was only one of the odd ways of beetles. Now I will tell you of another.

Very often on the road you will see a beetle or a pair of beetles, rolling about a small ball like a marble. The ball is of dirt, or some soft stuff, and is often larger than the beetle. But she rolls it with ease, for she is very strong.

The beetle isn't playing marbles nor baseball. She is only doing her work. She has been flying about, looking for a good place in which to lay her eggs, and now she has gone to work with all her might.

She lays her egg in a morsel of the stuff of which she will make her ball. When the larva comes from the egg, this ball will be its food until it is strong enough to crawl about and seek food for itself.

The beetle moulds the soft stuff over the egg, like a pill. Then, as she rolls it about, it grows larger, as your snowball grows when you roll it about in the snow.

When the ball is large enough, Mrs. Beetle does not leave it in the road for wheels to run over or feet to tread upon. She seeks a place where the larva may be safe and feed well when it comes from the egg.

She shows much sense in the choice of a place. She drags the ball along between her hind feet, or she pushes it with her forefeet or her hind feet, or rolls it along toward the safe place which she has chosen. If the ground is so rough that she cannot drag her ball, she carries it on her head.

This Mrs. Beetle's head is flat, and has some wee knobs upon it. These knobs hold her load firmly in place as she carries it along.

Perhaps Mrs. Beetle finds that she cannot without help take her ball to a good place. Then she flies off, and soon comes back with other beetles of her own kind. They all help her until her ball is where she wishes it to be.

How does she tell them what she needs? Who knows that? No one. I have seen four or five beetles at work on one ball.

When the ball is in the right spot, Mrs. Beetle digs a hole with her jaws and horny forelegs. Then she rolls the ball in. She fills up the hole with earth and presses it down flat.

This is not the only beetle that buries its eggs. There is another one, called the Sexton Beetle. When it finds a dead bird or mouse or frog or other small animal, it sets to work to bury it. It digs a little grave for it. This is why it is called a sexton.

This beetle begins to dig under the dead body. As it takes out the earth, the dead thing sinks more and more. At last it is deep enough to be covered, as a coffin is covered in a grave.

In this way this beetle helps to keep the earth and air clean. Is that why it buries things? Oh, no! The reason the beetle does this is, it wants to get a good place for its eggs.

These sexton beetles are black, with yellow bands. They are rather large, and go in pairs. You might think these beetles and the one who makes the ball would be dirty from their work, but they are not.

These beetles have a kind of oil over their bodies. This keeps any dirt from sticking to them. So, though they work in dirty places, they are always clean and bright.

These burying beetles have a keen scent. They can smell a dead body even if it is a long way off. Let us watch Mr. and Mrs. Sexton Beetle at work. Here is a dead mouse. Through the air come flying these two beetles. Their wings hum as they come.

When they alight, Mr. Beetle goes briskly to his work and Mrs. Beetle stands looking on. Her work in this world is not to dig, but to lay eggs. Before the work begins, they both make a good meal off the dead mouse. All sexton beetles eat flesh.

Mr. Beetle works a while. Then he drops down as if very tired, and sleeps. Then up he gets and ploughs furrow after furrow about the mouse. Mr. Beetle uses his head for a plough. Now the dead body had sunk out of sight. Mr. Beetle had put over it the earth he took out from the grave which he made. He makes all the little grave smooth and trim.

But what is the queer little fellow doing now? He has made a little side door into the grave. He and Mrs. Beetle walk in. They have gone to take another meal from the mouse.

When their dinner is over, Mrs. Beetle lace some eggs in the dead body. She knows that when the larvae come from the eggs, they will like to eat the food which they find all around them. After the eggs are laid, Mr. and Mrs. Beetle come out into the air.

Mr. Beetle fills up the doorway. Then off the two fly to find other things to bury.

The larva of the sexton beetle looks much like a beach flea or sand-hopper.

Does the strength of beetles surprise you? Once I found a fine grass-green beetle, with silver spots. I wanted him for my card of beetles. I tide him in the hem of my handkerchief to carry him home. The hem was double, but he ate a hole through it; then away he went.

Once I shut up ten beetles in a box. I forgot them for two days. When I opened the box, they were all dead. They had killed each other. The box had in it only heads and legs and wings. The last beetle that had been left had lost his legs and wings. He had won the battle, but he died on the field. Some other great captains have done the same.

33.2.276 A Sick Family

Selected Words

and so

SAOPBD

and were

SKP-RP

Barnes

PWARPBS

every day

*EFRD

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

had the

H-T

he could

HEBGD

in the

TPH-T

so much

SOFP

that he

THAE

there were

THR-RP

they were

THERP

things to

THOEUPBGS

to the

TOT

we are

WER

with the

W-T

Text

There were eight children in the Barnes family. When one child got sick, a second one caught the same thing. Then a third was sent home from school the next week. And so it ran.

At last the baby took sick, and Mrs. Barnes put him to bed with the others. "Looks as if we are in for the winter," she called to the woman next door.

Mr. Barnes moved across to his brother's house so that he could go to work every day, but Mrs. Barnes stayed at home.

People were very nice to Mrs. Barnes. They cooked all kinds of good things to eat and brought them over. Every day a big basket of food was sent down from the store. Never had the Barnes children had so much food, and never had Mrs. Barnes had so little work cooking it. One by one the sick children got better. By the time spring came they were fat and in good health, and were all back in school again.

33.2.277 Buying New Clothes

Selected Words

's

AES

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

before the

PW-FRT

I want

EUPT

if the

TP-T

in the

TPH-T

living room

HR*EUFRPL

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of a

AEUF

window

WOEUPBD

woolen

WAOL EPB

Text

Aunt Jo often goes shopping. One day she stopped to look at some dresses in the window of a big store," she thought.

Aunt Jo bought a blue dress for Betty and a woolen cap for Bob. That night she and the children sat before the fire in the living room. She told them about her trip to town. "I'd like to know if the wool in my cap cake from Jack's and Mary's farm," said Bob.

33.2.278 Uncle Tom’s New House

Selected Words

forest

TPO*RS

from the

TPR-T

going to

TKPW*GS

in our

TPHOUR

is done

STKOPB

one is

SW*UPB

there is

THR-LGS

until

TPH-L

until the

TPH-LT

we are

WER

we have

SWRAOE

Text

Bob and Betty are happy. Uncle Tom is building a new house. "The wood for our house came from the forests," said Bob. "The trees were cut down by men who work there."

"We have big trees on our farm," said Jack. "There is one tall tree that almost touches the sky."

"We are going to stay in our old house until the new one is done," said Betty.

33.2.279 How Our Sun Shines

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and the

SKP-T

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

have you

SRU

he knows

H*EPBS

is a

SA*EU

made of

PHAEFD

no one

TPHOEUPB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

scientist

STEUFT

that the

THAT

they can

THEBG

very, very

SRE SRE

what a

WHA*

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

Many boys and girls have wondered how our sun can shine. Have you? No one has ever been there. But scientists have studied the sun. They can tell us many things about our sun.

Scientists know that our sun is made of gases. You know what a gas is. You know that the air you breathe is a mixture of gases. The balloon you buy on circus day is full of gas. The big navy blimps are filled with gases.

Scientists tell us that the gases of the sun are very, very hot. They are so hot that they glow with heat. You have seen the wires in your electric toaster glow with heat when your bred is toasting. You have seen the glow of a drying fire in your fireplace after the flames have gone out.

The wires of the toaster glow with heat. The embers of the fire glow with heat. The gases of the sun glow with heat, too. The toaster makes a tiny glow. The dying fire glows only a little. The very hot gases of the sun glow very brightly.

Every scientists knows that the gases of the sun are ever so hot. He knows this because the sun glows so very brightly. The glow from the sun lights our earth. The glow from the sun also lights the moon. The glow from the sun heats our earth. And the glow from the sun heats the moon.

33.2.280 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and would

SKP-LD

come out

KPHOUT

great many

TKPWRAEPL

he would

ELD

if the

TP-T

is a

SA*EU

listen to

THROEUFPB

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

to the

TOT

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

Here is a spider. He is in his web. See how fat he is! He must have eaten a great many flies to make him so fat.

He spins a pretty round web, and then says, " Come, little fly, come into my web!"

But if the little fly is wise, he will not listen to the spider's sweet words, for he would never come out of the web again, and would soon be a little dead fly.

33.2.281 Air Is Real

Selected Words

and you

SKPU

and you can

SKPUBG

back up

bring it

TPWREU

crumple

KR*UPL *L

full of

TPUFL

happens to

THAOPS

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is it

ST

is not

S-PBLT

it can

T-BG

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

put it

TPUT

see it

STAOE

they can

THEBG

they can't

THEBGT

to the

TOT

turn the

TURPBT

what happens

WHAPS

when you

WHU

you can

UBG

Text

Many children think that air is not real. They can't see it. They can't taste it. They can't smell it.

These children are wrong. Air is real, and you can prove that it is. Fill a large pan or an aquarium with water. Float a cork on the water. Now push a drinking glass down over the cork and into the water.

Push the glass to the bottom of the pan of water. Watch the cork. What happens to it? What pushes the cork down?

Now crumple a piece of paper into the bottom of the drinking glass. Crumple it so that it can't fall out of the glass. Be sure the glass is dry. Turn the glass upside down and push it straight down into the pan of water. Bring it back up. Feel the paper. Is it wet or dry? Why doesn't the water in the pan go up into the drinking glass and wet the paper? There must be something that keeps the water out. That something is air. The drinking glass was full of air when you put it into the water. No water could get in because the air kept it out.

33.2.282 A Letter from Camp

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and he

SKPE

and is

SKP-S

down the

TKOUPBT

got a

TKPWAOEUT

I am

KWRAEUPL

I could

EUBGD

in the

TPH-T

it's a

TAEUS

it was

T-FS

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

picture of

TP*EUFP

so the

SOT

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

there was

THR-FS

too much

TAOFP

well, it

you would

ULD

Text

Dear Uncle Tom:

I thought you would like to hear how I am getting along at camp. Well, it's fine. There are about sixty boys here, and is we sleep in tents, two boys to each tent. It's a good thing that the food is good, because I feel hungry all the time. We swim in the lake early in the morning, and we play games and go on hikes in the afternoon.

Yesterday something funny happened. Bob Jones, the other boy in my tent, was trying to climb an old apple tree. He tore a hole in his pants going up, and then his foot caught between two branches and he couldn't get down. The lunch bell rang, and there was Bob stuck in the tree! Finally one of the boys got a pole and poked at Bob's shoe until it was free. But Bob said his foot hurt too much to climb down. So the other boy leaned the pole firmly against the tree, and Bob slid down. I wish I could paint you a picture of Bob sliding down the pole.

Sincerely,

Jack

P. S. One boy's father came up last week and started a singing club. Now we sing each night. J.

33.2.283 Christmas Morning

Selected Words

and all

SKPAUL

it was

T-FS

it were

T-RP

over it

TOEFR

Santa Claus

SKHRAUZ

there was

THR-FS

they wanted

THEPTD

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

Text

On Christmas morning the children ran down to see the tree. They wanted to know what Santa Claus had for them.

They ran in, and there was the tree! It was a big green tree, and all over it were toys and candy.

Around the tree were more toys for them -- a doll with a yellow dress, a big red train, and two little white rabbits.

"Good for Santa Claus! Good for Santa Claus!" said the children.

33.2.284 How Young Sunfish Grow Up

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

as soon as

S-PBS

can find

K-FPBD

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

have a

SRA

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

so many

SOEPL

then the

THEPBT

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

those of

THOEFS

very much

SR-FP

Text

In the spring a mother sunfish lays many eggs. These eggs are laid in a nest. The nest is only a hole in the bottom of the brook. The sunfish makes the hole with its tail. It is a good place for sunfish eggs.

When the mother fish has laid the eggs, the father fish drives her away. If she stays, she will eat the eggs.

The father fish watches the eggs. Water birds and water insects eat the eggs of many fish. But they do not eat so many of the eggs of sunfish. The father sunfish takes good care of the eggs.

By and by young fish come out of the eggs. Then the father swims away.

The young fish are very small when they wiggle out of the eggs. But they look very much like the grown-up fish.

The little fish can swim as soon as they are out of the eggs. They can find food. They do not have a mother's care.

Many, many young sunfish do not live to grow up. Other fish like to eat them. Other water animals eat them too.

But many young sunfish do live to grow up. Their scales are not so shiny and bright as those of the grown-up fish. Many of them swim away before their enemies see them.

33.2.285 At Grandmother’s

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and feel

SKP-FL

and I

SKPEU

and over

SKPOFR

around it

STROUPBD

going to

TKPW*GS

good night

TKPWAOPBT

grandmother

TKPWR-PL

I am

KWRAEUPL

I go

TKPWEU

I know

KWR-PB

I say

EUBZ

I think

KWREUBG

if I

TPEU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is the

S-T

one that

TWHAUPB

over and

SKPOEFR

she is

SHES

she was

SHEFS

that I

THAEU

that is

THAS

there is

THR-LGS

they wanted

THEPTD

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

when she

SWHE

White House

with the

W-T

Text

My grandmother has white hair and nice blue eyes. I love her, and I go to see her every two or three days. She lives in a big white house that is as old as she is. There is green grass around it and many flowers.

Sometimes I say to Mother, "Let me go to see Grandmother and sleep all night in the big bed." Mother will let me go.

The big bed is the one that Grandmother had when she was a little girl. It is so big that I think four little girls could sleep in it if they wanted to.

When night comes, Grandmother and I go up to the room with the blue paper -- and there is the big bed. I get into it and feel as if I am in a big boat.

Grandmother sits in a chair to tell me a story. I know all her stories, but I love to have her tell them over and over again.

It's night, and I am going to sleep in the big bed! "Good night, Grandmother!"

33.2.286 A Walk in the Woods

Selected Words

at the

TE

early morning

ERPBLG

for the

TP-RT

full of

TPUFL

green light

TKPWR-LT

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

music

PHAOUFBG

of the

-FT

only in

TPHOEPBL

out of

OUFT

that the

THAT

they would

THELD

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

walk in

TPWHAUBG

would not

WOPBLT

Text

No time is better for a walk in the woods than early morning. I looked out of the window at the sun just showing over the top of the hill. Putting on my clothes, I hurried out.

The woods were full of music -- merry music -- made by the birds. Only in the early morning do they sing such merry songs. I tried to walk with care so they would not hear me.

The trees were putting out new leaves, for it was spring. On every side and high above was the beautiful yellow-green light of the sun.

The road was full of dead brown leaves. They made a warm place for the wild flowers to grow. I brushed some leaves to one side so that the little pink and white flowers could catch a bit of the spring air and bright sun.

33.2.287 Sunlight and Shadows

Selected Words

all the

AULT

as it

TAZ

at the

TE

but it

TPWUT

did not

TKEUPBLT

down in

TKPHOUPB

earth is

S*ERT

from the

TPR-T

front of

TPROFPBT

how does

TKHOUS

I go

TKPWEU

in front

STPROPBT

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is going

STKPW-G

on that

THAOPB

on the

OPBT

picture of

TP*EUFP

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

when I

WHEU

when she

SWHE

when the

WHEPBT

where the

W-RT

Text

The earth is light wherever the sun shines on it. It is dark where the sun does not shine.

The sun shines or Martha. It shines all around her body. But it cannot shine through her body.

There is a dark place on the ground by Martha. It is dark because the sun does not shine on that spot. This dark spot is Martha's shadow.

In the picture you see the sun. You see Martha and her shadow.

One sunny morning Martha went to the store for her mother. Her shadow was in front of her all the way.

When she walked home from the store, her shadow was behind her.

The next morning Martha went to school. Her shadow was in front of her. When she went home in the afternoon, her shadow was in front again. It did not follow behind her as it did when she walked home from the store.

"How does this happen?" Martha wondered. "My shadow followed behind me when I went home from the store. Why does it not follow behind me when I go home from school?"

Can you tell why Martha's shadow did not follow her home from school?

Look at the picture of your town on page 7. It is school time in the morning. The sun comes up in the east. The shadows fall to the west when the sun is coming up.

Look at the picture on page 9. It is after school in the afternoon. The sun goes down in the west. The shadows fall to the east when the sun is going down.

When Marsha went to school in the morning, the sun was in the east. The sun was behind her. Her shadow was in front of her.

When she went home from school in the afternoon, the sun was in the west. The sun was behind her again. So her shadow was in front of her and not behind her as she went home from school.

33.2.288 Things Sail in Air

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

as far as

STPARS

as it

TAZ

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

can you

KU

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

from the

TPR-T

has to

THAOS

have been

SR-B

how many

HOUPL

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is like

SHRAOEUBG

it can

T-BG

it must

TPHUFT

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

through the

THRUT

up and

SKPUP

when it

TWHEPB

when you

WHU

you are

R*U

you ever

UFR

you think

UPBG

Text

High on a windy hill children go to fly their kites. Higher and higher sail the kites. They go as far as the string will let them go.

Boats sail on water. Kites sail in air. They sail away in the wind.

Some airplanes sail in the air. These airplanes do not have engines. They are called gliders.

Someone has to get the glider plane into the air at first. Like a kite it must get up into the wind. When it is in the air, it can glide along for miles and miles. It sails in the air.

Many animals sate in the air. Eagles and gulls travel for many miles without stopping to rest. These birds do not use their wings as smaller birds do. They do not flap their wings up and down all the time. Many times they crust glide in the air.

The wings of gulls and eagles are wide, with long feathers. They use their wide wings for sailing. They glide and dip and sail around and around in the air. They sometimes flap their wings. But much of the time their wings move just enough to make them glide where they need to go.

Many insects sail in the air. Mosquitoes cannot fly very far with their tiny wings, but they can sail far through the air. The wind takes them miles away from the place where they have been living.

Have you ever seen a flying squirrel? Look at the skin at each side of the body. Do you think a flying squirrel really flies?

You have seen many gray squirrels with long bushy tails. What long jumps they take through the trees! A gray squirrel's tail is like a sail. The squirrel glides a little as it jumps through the air. The air helps him to take these long jumps.

Many things glide through the air. Watch the air when you are out of doors. How many "air gliders" can you see?

33.2.289 Lifetime of Animals

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

as long

SHRO*PBG

as long as

SHROPBGS

as the

SAZ

before the

PW-FRT

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

from the

TPR-T

has been

HAB

he has

HEZ

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is an

SA*PB

is done

STKOPB

is not

S-PBLT

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

men and women

SKPHEB/WEUPL

more than

PH-RPB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

old and

SKPOELD

out of

OUFT

so long

SHROPBG

so long as

SHROEPBGS

some of

SPHOF

this happens

TH-PS

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

very, very

SRE SRE

with the

W-T

years old

KWRAERLDZ

you are

R*U

you think

UPBG

Text

Here are Jack and Shep. Shep is an old dog. He has been Jack's dog from the time Jack was a little baby.

Shep has had good care. But he cannot run and play as he used to do. He cannot go swimming with the boys. Someone must always go with Shep now when he takes a walk.

Poor old Shep! He does not see so well as he used to see. Some of his teeth are gone. He cannot eat bones. His food must be soft food.

Many dogs do not live as long as Shep has lived. How old do you think Shep is? He is eleven years old.

Jack as almost as old as Shep. But Jack is not old. Jack feels very young when his mother says to him, "No, you cannot do that. Wail till you are eleven or twelve."

A boy is young when he is eleven years old. But a dog is old when he is eleven. The life of a dog is not nearly so long as the life of a man.

Every spring, many, many hundreds of May flies fly about together. Their eggs are laid in water. The young live in water for about two years. On a spring day they come out of the water and fly away on their new wings.

They fly in the air with other May flies. They fly all through the night, and then their life is over.

An earthworm lives about two years. After it comes out of the egg, it lives and gross through the summer. In winter it stays deep in the ground. In spring it comes up through the ground. It lives on through another year. Then its lifetime is over.

A white cabbage butterfly has a very short lifetime. The cabbage butterfly lays eggs. Young caterpillars come out of the eggs. The caterpillar makes a pupa. A butterfly comes from the pup aw. All this happens in five weeks.

Five weeks is a very short lifetime. But some insects do not live so long as that. Most houseflies live for only two or three days. Many fruit flies do not live for even one day. They come out of the eggs. They lay more eggs. Their lifetime is over before the day is done.

Animals may live to be very, very old.

Some of the large kinds of whales have long lives. Some elephants live to be more than one hundred years old. Some parrots live as long as this, too. Pet parrots sometimes have very long lives.

Some turtles have lived to be more than one hundred years old and still are well and strong. Both land turtles and water turtles live for many years.

Some men and women have lived to be more than one hundred years old. But most people do not live to be nearly as old as that.

33.2.290 Water in Our Bodies

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

come out

KPHOUT

do you

TKOU

from your

TPRUR

go into

TKPWHAO

have a

SRA

how the

HOUT

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is not

S-PBLT

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

so much

SOFP

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

that is

THAS

there is

THR-LGS

to find

TOFPBD

what happens

WHAPS

when you

WHU

would be

WOB

you are

R*U

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

On hot days in summer time do you need long drinks of water or lemonade?

Do you know why you need to drink so much water in summer? On hot days much water goes out of your body through your skin.

Do drops of water come out on your face? Is your body wet and sticky on hot days?

Water, milk, and lemonade and other fruit drinks put water back into your body. Your body must have water.

In one way your body is like the earth. A great part of it is water. There is water in all parts of your body. You can see some of this water. Some of it you cannot see.

Water comes out through your skin when you are warm. What happens when you cry? Water comes out of your eyes. What happens when you have a cold? Water comes from your nose.

If you cut your hand, blood comes out. Much of your blood is water.

What about the water in your mouth? This water helps you to eat your food. How hard it would be to eat if your tongue and mouth were all dry!

There is much water in the bodies of all animals. Your dogs looks very warm in summer. He likes to lie down. Some of the water from his body runs off his tongue.

Watch the bodies of horses on hot days. How the water comes out through their skin!

Most animals try to keep out of the sun on hot summer days. Many birds stay where leaves are thick on the trees.

A deer or a fox may go into the deep woods. Snakes crawl under stones. A today pushes its way into the ground. Some turtles and frogs go into the water.

All of these animals are trying to find a place that is not hot and dry.

They need to keep water in their bodies.

33.2.291 Water Comes Out of the Air

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and a

SKPA

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

come out

KPHOUT

could not

KOPBLT

do you

TKOU

do you see

TOUZ

from the

TPR-T

go into

TKPWHAO

goes into

TKPWHAOS

happened to

THAOPD

he said

HEBS

I can

AOEUBG

I should

EURBD

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is it

ST

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

see it

STAOE

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

stand in

STPHAPBD

that you

THAU

they were

THERP

through the

THRUT

until the

TPH-LT

what has

WHAZ

where the

W-RT

will not

HR-PBLT

with your

WUR

you can

UBG

you could

UBGD

you will

HR*U

Text

Some of the water that goes into the air comes back where you can see it.

Look at the window in the room where the vegetables are boiling. Do you see drops of water on the window?

Where did these drops of water come from? Is it raining outside? Did they come through the wind? No, the drops of water came from the air inside the kitchen.

The air in the kitchen is warm. The window glass is cold. The air holds much water that you cannot see. The warm air meets the cold glass. Some of the water comes out of the air onto the glass.

One winter day, Grandfather came to visit Ann. He took off his hat. Then he took off his glasses.

"Now, I can see you," he said to Ann.

Ann said, "I should think you could see me better with your glasses on."

"Right now I cannot see through my glasses at all," Grandchild told her.

What had happened to Grandfather's glasses? When he first came into the warm house, his glasses were cold. Soon they were covered with drops of water.

The water came out of the air. It came out of the warm air onto Grandfather's cold glasses. Grandfather could not see. So he took off his glasses.

By and by Grandchild put on his glasses. "Now I can see you more clearly with my glasses on," he said.

The glasses had become as warm as the room. The little drops of water had gone back into the air.

Heat makes water go into the air. Cold makes water come out of the air.

On a warm day put some pieces of ice and a little water into a small pan. Stir the ice around. Soon you will see little drops of water on the outside of the pan.

Where do these drops of water come from? At first the air around the pan was warm. The ice in the pan was cold. The cold pan made the water come out of the air. The water made little drops on the outside of the pan.

Let the pan stand in a warm place until the ice melts. By and by you will not see the drops of water on the outside of the pan. What has happened to them?

Now you see water in air! Now you don't!

33.2.292 Untitled

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

are not

R-PBLT

at the

TE

go into

TKPWHAO

I am

KWRAEUPL

into the

TPHAOT

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

will go

HR*G

Text

We will go into the field. Now look at the little kid and the colt. The colt and the kid are young. They are not so old as I am.

33.2.293 The Work We Do

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

at the

TE

at the end of the day

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

garden

TKPWARD EPB

has to

THAOS

he has

HEZ

is the

S-T

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

pasture

PAS TAOUR

to the

TOT

vegetable

SREBL

when it

TWHEPB

Text

Father is the only man on the farm. He has to work hard all day, but he has much good help. Jack and I get the vegetables from the garden, and Mother cooks them for dinner.

The horses pull the plow for Father. They pull the wagon when it is full of corn. At the end of the day Spike helps to bring the cows from the pasture to the barn. Father milks the cows. Sometimes my brother helps him.

33.2.294 How Bob and Betty Keep Well

Selected Words

always

AULS

comb

KOEPL

eating

AOEGT

in the

TPH-T

three times

THRAOEUPLS

Text

Bob and Betty always look neat and clean. They keep their hair combed and always wash their hands before eating. They brush their teeth before they go to bed at night and when they get up in the morning. They eat good food and chew it well. They drink milk three times a day. Bob and Betty always sleep with their windows open to get fresh air.

33.2.295 Visiting on the Farm

Selected Words

a lot

HROELT

a lot of

HROEFLT

and a

SKPA

did the

TK-T

for the

TP-RT

in the

TPH-T

lot of

HROFT

morning and

SKPHORPBG

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

went to

TWOEPBT

with the

W-T

years old

KWRAERLDZ

Text

Jim was ten years old when he went to visit his uncle on the farm. His cousin Bob was ten that summer also. Both boys helped with the farm work.

Jim's uncle had two farm hands, men who did the milking morning and night, kept the barns clean, and helped with the work in the fields.

Jim and Bob worked hard, too. Every morning and evening they took chicken feed and water and milk to a hundred white chickens. They carried milk to each new calf and food to each pig pen. They cut up a lot of wood.

Still, with all this, the boys had their good times. A river ran just below the big hill on the farm, and there the boys went fishing and swimming. They ran races and prayed games, too.

At the end of the summer Bob's father bought them each a fine present for the work they had done on the farm -- a red bicycle for Jim and a blue bicycle for Bob!

33.2.296 Untitled

Selected Words

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

Text

Who lives in this house?

How many are in the family?

Name them.

What does the father do?

33.2.297 This is a Good Home

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and more

SKPHOR

back to

TPWAOBG

be the

BT

come out

KPHOUT

did you

TKU

do not

TKPHOT

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

into the

TPHAOT

is the

S-T

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

they do

TKHOE

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

when the

WHEPBT

will be

HR-B

will be the

HR-BT

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

Some insects make nests. They lay eggs too, but they do not sit on the eggs as birds do.

This is the nest of the mason wasp. Did you know that an insect could make a home like this?

First the mother mason wasp flies about to find some mud. She takes a little mud back to the tree. She gets more mud and more mud. She puts the mud together to make the nest.

This nest will be the home of just one mason wasp. When the nest is finished, the mother lays one egg. The egg hangs from the top of the nest.

Next, the mother wasp looks for come caterpillars. She kills the caterpillars and carries them into the nest.

Then she puts a cover over the top of the nest. A little white larva will come out of the egg. It will eat the caterpillars. It will have enough food to make it grow and grow.

The mother mason wasp makes many of these little nests. Then she flies away. The care of her young is ended.

Many moths and butterflies lay eggs on plants. Food is ready for the larvae which come out of the eggs. They will eat the leaves of the plant. The plant is home for the young caterpillars.

33.2.298 Along the Highway

Selected Words

along

AOLG

and the

SKP-T

and to

TAOPBD

every day

*EFRD

have a

SRA

he has

HEZ

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

to have

TOF

uncle

*UPBG

Text

Jim's father likes to drive Mrs. Clark and the children out into the country.

On an all-day trip the Clarks carry a basket lunch. At noon they stop to eat it and to rest in the shade.

Jim's uncle is a farmer who drives his truck to market every day. Today he has asked the Clarks to have a picnic in his woods.

33.2.299 Watching the Big Ships

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and the

SKP-T

answer

AEUPBS

China

KHAOEU TPHA

did a

TKA

do you

TKOU

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

know the

TPHO*ET

may have

PHAEUF

of the

-FT

part of the

PAFRT

said that

STHAEUD

sees

SAO*ES

tea

TAE

that he

THAE

things to

THOEUPBGS

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

Joe often sees big ships that carry food and other things to every part of the world. One day he saw a ship that came from China. He knew that it might bring tea and silk. the silk in his mother's new dress and the cup of tea that his father drank for dinner may have come all the way from China.

"Did a ship ever sail around the world?" asked Joe's little sister.

Joe said that he knew the answer to that question. Do you know the answer?

33.2.300 Homes in High Rocky Places

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

back to

TPWAOBG

down the

TKOUPBT

for the

TP-RT

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

other side

O*ERDZ

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

until the

TPH-LT

Text

Some eagles make their homes high up on rocky mountainsides. They find a small flat place on the side of the rock. On one side of the nest the rock goes up, up, up. On the other side, the rock goes down, down, down.

There is little room to walk about near the nest. The young eagles are not afraid to fly from this high nest. They are at home high in the air.

Sea birds called gannets make homes on high rocks. The rocks are high up over the waves of the sea.

Gannets find small flat places on the side of the rock as some eagles do. They make their nests of seaweed. Hundreds of gannets build nests near to each other.

The homes of gannets and eagles are away from most of their enemies.

The rocky top of a mountain is a good home for mountain sheep. Not many men can get to this home. They cannot climb over the rocks.

But mountain sheep climb about over these rocks. They find good places to walk. They jump from one rock to another. Away they go over rocks that men cannot climb.

A little grass grows on the mountain top. The sheep eat the grass. In winner they come down the mountain to the woods.

As soon as spring comes, they go back to the top of the mountain. They stay there until the snow flies.

Animals make their homes in all kinds of places. Each place is a good home for the animal that lives there.

33.2.301 The Little Turtles Grow Up

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

are a

RA*

did not

TKEUPBLT

if you ever

TPUFR

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

they did

TKHE

they said

THEBS

they were

THERP

they were the

THERPT

to find

TOFPBD

were the

WR-T

when you

WHU

will you

HRU

years old

KWRAERLDZ

you are

R*U

you ever

UFR

Text

At last spring came. The days grew warmer. The ground grew warmer. The turtles came out of the ground and looked for food. They ate and ate.

All summer they said in the grass and under the leaves. When winter came again, they wiggled into the ground.

Each year the turtles were a little bigger than they were the year before. When they were about five years old, they were grown-up turtles.

Then they did not need to hide away in the grass and leaves. They walked about in places where people could see hem.

Box turtles are a help to people. They eat many of the insects that eat plants in your garden. They eat snails, house flies, and mosquitos.

Try to find a box turtle when you are out of doors. Look for it in the fields and along the road or in your yard.

If you ever find a box turtle, will you take good care of it? Will you watch it quietly without touching it? Will you try to help it to live on for many, many years?

33.2.302 How to Keep Warm

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

animal

PHAPBL

doesn't

TKOPBT

fun to

TPOUPB

furs

TPURZ

in order

TPHORD

in the

TPH-T

made of

PHAEFD

outside

OUDZ

she has

SHEZ

she is

SHES

weather

WHR*

when the

WHEPBT

Text

When the north wind blows and winter comes, Alice wears clothing made of wool. It is fun to play outside if she is dressed in the right way. She has a bright red ski suit. A cap of soft wool keeps her head and ears warm. She doesn't care if her nose gets a little cold.

In the coldest weather many people wear fur coats and mittens.

Men trap wild animal in order to get their furs. Sometimes they raise the animals on farms.

33.2.303 A Sea-Change

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and it

SKPEUT

and to

TAOPBD

are not

R-PBLT

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

begins to

STKPWOEUPBS

between the

TWAOEPBT

do not

TKPHOT

down the

TKOUPBT

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

happens to

THAOPS

have the

SR-T

I have

SREU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is done

STKOPB

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

is to

STO

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

number of

TPHUFPL

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

on the other hand

TPHOERPBD

out to

TPOUT

so the

SOT

then the

THEPBT

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

they do

TKHOE

thing is

TH*EUPBGS

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

until the

TPH-LT

we have

SWRAOE

what happens

WHAPS

which are

KH-R

which has

KH-Z

Text

The star-fish lay a great number of eggs. Let us see what happens to eggs of one kind. They are not dropped one by one into the water, or strung on threads like chains.

they stick to the underside of the parent fish, which settles on the sand or rocks, resting on its back, and bends up its five rays, like a basket, to hold and protect the eggs.

You see that in this state the parent can neither walk nor eat. And although star-fish are both greedy and restless, when they have eggs to take care of, they patiently lie quiet for ten days, until the eggs hatch.

In those ten days the parent star-fish cannot eat nor move. But at the end of ten days, the eggs hatch out the larvae, and they float away. Then the star-fish finds that its work is done, and it bends back, and begins to walk, swim, and fish.

Many of the larvae, when they first come from the egg, have no rays, and do not look one bit like star-fish. They look like wee specks of barrels, with little hairy hoops, and a plume of hairs on one end.

The larva can swim; the hairs help it through the waters. Slowly it begins to change its shape and to lose its loop of hairs. All it wants is to swim and to grow. When no larger than a flaxseed it looks like the grown-up star-fish.

A most curious thing is the lily-star egg, when fastens upon a coral, or something firm and hard. Then it takes as fast hold as the barnacle on the rock.

It shoots up a stem, and on the top of the stem grows a cup like a lily-bell. It down the look like a star-fish but like a lovely lily. Fine plumes are waving from its cup.

Some kinds of star-fish have larvae that take other shapes. I cannot tell you about them all. But only the feather-star grows fast to some object for the larval state. In the larval state they do not look at all like the parent. Finally, like the jellyfish, they change their shape, get loose, and swim off to see the water-world. Then they are like their parents.

Now let us look again at our star-fish. The little things like tubes on the underside are each one set in a groove. They are full of fluid, and each has a tiny sucker. The star-fish can move them.

They not only serve for feet, but for hands, to catch, and hold, and kill his prey.

Most of the star-fish are dull and slow of motion. There is one kind of which moves quickly. Its called the Snake's-tail-*, from the shape of the rays, which are long and thin.

There is one kind of Radiate often found on the coast of the Southern States, which has all the space between the rays filled up with a hard, stony, or shell-like matter. So the shape of this animal is not like a*. It is like a flat box with five sides. There are some little loopholes quite through this hard box. On the mild of the top is the pattern of a five-pointed star-fish, like a picture! It is not a star-fish, but an urchin.

In this Radiate, the disk spreads out, so as to include, or shut in, the rays. On the other hand, there are some star-fish that have the disk very small. They seem to be all rays and no disk.

People who have studied star-fish divide them into six families. I have told you about all but the fifth. The fifth family are of such a queer shape that they are called cucumbers -- Sea-cucumbers. The Chinese like to eat them, and ships are sent out to fish for them. They grow in the shallows, near the islands in tropic seas. We have some also on our coasts.

33.2.304 Let’s Suppose

Selected Words

alarm clock

as usual

SURBL

at the

TE

because of

PWAUFS

because of the

PWAUFTS

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

earth is

S*ERT

every time

EFRPL

for the

TP-RT

fun to

TPOUPB

goes to

TKPWOS

have the

SR-T

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

he says

HEBSZ

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

it must

TPHUFT

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

much for

TPHOUFRP

of the

-FT

or the

ORT

out of

OUFT

show it

STHOE

there are

THR-R

to the

TOT

until the

TPH-LT

well, it

you are

R*U

you say

UBZ

Text

Let's suppose! Sometimes it's fun to suppose about things. Just suppose you go to bed as usual on a night in June. In the morning your alarm clock rings at 7:30. You look out of the window. It's still dark. You look at the clock. It is now 7:45. Something is wrong! It's still dark. You go to your mother's room to look at her clock. By now it is eight o'clock.

"Oh, well, it must be a cloudy, foggy day," you say, and walk to the window. You are surprised to see no fog. The sky is clear. The stars are shining.

"Stars at 8:15?"

"Where's the sun?"

All day long you wait for the sun to show itself. You go to school in the dark. The streetlights are on. Cars have their headlights on. The school lights are on.

The sun doesn't shine all that day. It doesn't shine the next day, or the next. Every time you look into the sky you see only starlight. Even the moon has disappeared.

You are surprised at how cold the air feels. Each day it gets colder. Your fingers tingle. Frosts come, although it is only June.

Pretty soon the plants start drying. Their leaves turn white and fall off. Your mother goes to to the store to buy green vegetables. The storekeeper says that there are no green vegetables. He says the sun will have to shine again soon or everyone will starve.

All the doctors look worried. Children begin to look pale. They get sick. The doctors shake their heads and say, "Can't do much for the children until the sun shines again."

Sunshine keeps children strong. Sunshine makes green plants grow. Children need green plants to eat.

Have you supposed long enough? Let's have the sun shine again in the daytime sky. The earth gets warmer. The green plants start growing. The children begin to get the color back in their cheeks. The cows start giving milk again. The chickens lay more eggs. Every living thing upon the earth is better off because of the heat and light that our sun gives.

33.2.305 Mary and the Baby

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

but it

TPWUT

come here

KPHAOER

for the

TP-RT

got a

TKPWAOEUT

I am

KWRAEUPL

it was

T-FS

that was

THAFS

will you

HRU

with the

W-T

Text

"Here I am, Mother!" said Mary. "I just got home!"

Mary's mother came down to see her.

"How good to see you, Mary!" said her mother. "Will you play with the baby?"

"Come here, Baby," said Mary. "We will play ball."

Mary got a red ball for the baby, but it was too big. Then she got a little yellow ball. That was was right.

They played and played with the little yellow ball.

33.2.306 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

from the

TPR-T

in a

TPHA*EU

is a

SA*EU

of the

-FT

part of the

PAFRT

Text

Robert's father is a blacksmith. His shop is at the end of the town.

As their home is a mile from the shop, Robert and his sister take his dinner to him in a little tin pail.

They stay with their father part of the afternoon to see him work. They like to watch the sparks fly as the hammer strikes the shoe.

33.2.307 Deer

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

for the

TP-RT

gun

TKPW-PB

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

it was

T-FS

look at

HRAOBGT

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

Text

It was a gray morning late in the fall. A mother deer and her little son picked their way out of the deep woods to pull some sweet grass. The old deer moved with great care. The only noise was made by the little one as he walked on some dry leaves. When they came out into the open, she showed the little deer where to go for the best grass.

Now the deer were "fair game" for a man sitting on a seat made by an old tree about fifty yards away. His gun lay at his side. He sat very still watching these wild things of the forest -- beautiful to look at, in fine health, happy, and not afraid. He lifted his gun to shoot, and then he set it down again.

"I cannot do it," he thought. Then he made a little noise that scared the deer out of the open fields and back into the deep woods, far away from guns.

33.2.308 Some Great Air Travelers

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

as high as

SHAO*EUS

as long

SHRO*PBG

as long as

SHROPBGS

back to

TPWAOBG

could not

KOPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

have been

SR-B

have had

SR-D

how would

HOULD

How would

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

learned to

THROERPBD

long, long

HROPBG HROPBG

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

petrel

--

that are

THAR

that the

THAT

they can

THEBG

they could

THEBGD

they do

TKHOE

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

when it

TWHEPB

would not

WOPBLT

you ever

UFR

you think

UPBG

Text

For many hundreds of years, people have been living on the earth. For most of those long years, they have had to stay on the ground.

But birds and insects could go up in the air. They have been flying as long as they have lived on the earth.

People always have wanted to fly like the birds. Now they have found out how to make machines that can travel in air. They can fly across oceans and around the world.

An airplane is a wonderful machine. But birds and insects can fly without a machine. They can go up into the air on their own power. A little flap with their wings and away they go! Off the ground! Up in the air! Up as high as they need to go! Birds and insects can go up into the air at any time. They do not need to wait until it is time for the airplane to start. A flap of their wings and they are off!

Many birds and insects could not get food if they could not fly.

Suppose a robin or a bluebird could not fly to places where its food is found. How would they get from the branches to the ground? How would they get back to their nests in the trees? How would they carry food to their baby birds in the nests?

Many birds find their food high in the treetops. Swallows and some other birds catch insects as they fly through the air. Sea gulls fly over the water and dive for fish. Most birds could not live if they could not fly to get food. They could not feed the young birds in the nest.

Eagles fly to nests that are high up on a mountain. Sea gulls follow ships on the ocean for miles and miles.

Have you ever heard of a small sea bird called the stormy petrel? Petrels fly out over the ocean for food. They catch fish in the stormy waves. Petrels fly into storms that the pilot of an airplane would not like to meet. Do you think stormy petrel is a good name for this bird?

In spring and fall many birds travel a long way. How far a swallow flies when it goes south for the winter!

Today people fly in airplanes to all parts of the earth. But birds and insects traveled in air long, long before people learned to fly.

33.2.309 The Care of Young Cougars

Selected Words

as a

SA*Z

cougar

KAOUG A*R

she has

SHEZ

them to

THOEUPL

to find

TOFPBD

when the

WHEPBT

with the

W-T

Text

Cougars take good care of their young. They find a good home for them. They watch over them and bring food to them.

Sometimes the mother has two kittens. Sometimes she has three or four. The mother feeds them milk as a mother cat feeds her kittens.

For a time the mother stays with the kittens. The father brings food to her. When the kittens can have meat, he brings home small animals for them to eat. Soon the mother, too, goes out for food. The kittens stay by themselves.

When the kittens are old enough, they go out with the mother and father to find food. The mother and father show them how to get their own food.

33.2.310 Jerry Tries to Skate

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

going to

TKPW*GS

hard to

THAORD

he could

HEBGD

he said

HEBS

he was

EFS

out to

TPOUT

that afternoon

THAFRPB

until the

TPH-LT

up and

SKPUP

Text

On Saturday morning Jerry got together the last bit of money he needed to buy his skates. He bought them that afternoon and carried them home. But just as he was going to try them out, down came the rain and poor Jerry had to wait until the next day.

Sunday afternoon was nice and warm, and Jerry went out to put on his skates. He found he could stand up on them. "That's not hard to do," he said to his brother, Jim. "I might skate now." And as one foot went out, the other foot flew up. Down went Jerry! He laughed and got up and tried again. The next time he hit his head and the next time his back. Still he laughed.

"Skating hurts!" he told his brother.

33.2.311 In Armor Clad

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and have

SKP-F

and so

SAOPBD

and the

SKP-T

are the

R-T

as far as

STPARS

at the

TE

call the

KAULT

call this

TKHAUL

cover the

TKOUFRBT

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

had the

H-T

have a

SRA

have the

SR-T

he has

HEZ

in a

TPHA*EU

in fact

TPH-FT

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is also

SHR-S

is really

SHRAOERL

is the

S-T

it has

T-Z

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

much as

PHUFPS

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

part of the

PAFRT

that is

THAS

that you

THAU

that you will

THAUL

them to

THOEUPL

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

they do

TKHOE

this is

TH-S

those of

THOEFS

to be

TOB

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

very many

SR-RPL

we say

WEBZ

what is

SWHA*

what you

WHAU

when you

WHU

which had

KH-D

who is

WHOS

will find

HR-FPBD

you can

UBG

you say

UBZ

you will

HR*U

you would

ULD

Text

Go to the garden or to the home plants, and after a little search you will find one of the wonders of the world.

You will find a small, horny, shining, red thing, with black spots on its back. "Why!" you say, "that is only a ladybug, or lady-bird. We say a little rhyme to it." Yes, it is one of the beetles, and every beetle is a wonder.

The winged insects are divided into two great classes, Eaters and Drinkers. That is what their Latin names mean. Butterflies, houseflies, bees, and others, are drinkers. That is, they get their food by sucking it through a pipe or tube.

This tube is on the forepart of the head; it is really the upper lip grown long and round.

The other great class, the Eaters, eat their food with their mouths. Some suck or lick it; some use their jaws to crush and break their food.

Beetles belong to the class Eaters.

The beetles are covered with a hard, horny shell, like a case. In this they are like the old-time soldiers, who wore armor from head to foot.

Beetles belong to the great family of the ring-made creatures. Take a large, round beetles, with big jaws, feelers, and legs. Does he not look hutch like Mr. Crab, who is also ring-made?

In the picture about this lesson you see Mr. Crab and Mr. Beetle. This is a large beetle that likes to live among the grasses and weeds near the seashore. When he and Mr. Crab meet on the sand they may think they are cousins.

How it let us get a beetle and look at him closely. You will often find dead beetles on your path or in the grass. You can take them to pieces and compare them with what you read about them.

The first thing that you will notice in the beetle is the hard case over the wing. The wing-cases look like little shells, and have a nice hinge to hold them in their place.

These two wing-covers fit close to each other over the beetle's back. When he flies he lifts them away from the wings. When you take off these covers you will see lying under the cases a pair of neatly folded wings. These wings are made much as Mrs. Wasp' are.

The cases are used for armor, not for flying. They are really a pair of wings. The fine silken under-wings are the pair with which beetles fly.

There are some beetles that do not have this second pair, and so cannot fly. There are some that have the upper pair so short that they do not half cover the body. Beetles which do not have the lower wings creep, and cannot fly.

Watch a beetle as he crawls on the ground. Now see him! When his back flies open two bright-hued shells rise up. This crawling thing sweeps into the air on a pair of wide thin wings!

The part of the beetle's bodies that under the wings has rings like those of the wasp. The body is made in the three parts insects have. The wings and six legs are fastened on what you would call the chest or middle part.

The wings fastened on the upper or back part of the beetle's chest fold down over the hind part of the body. On the end of the hind part is what is called "the egg-placer" with that Mrs. Beetle lace her eggs in safe places.

The legs and feet of the beetle are made in joints. They have hairs on them. The legs are so made and set that they cannot spread out as far as those of spiders, wasps, flies.

Now here is Mr. Beetle's head. It has two jaws and two feelers, the mouth, and the eyes. There is a little horn shield over the mouth. In fact, the whole beetle is in a snug horn coat. We may call this coat a suit of armor.

The eyes of the beetle are like those of the fly. Very many eyes are set in what seem to be two big eyes. The beetle does not have three single eyes on the top of his head. Sometimes he has two small simple eyes at the back of his head.

The splendid colors of Mr. Beetle are on his horn coat. I caught a beetle last night which had the under part of his breast covered with close hairs, so that it looked like velvet. He seemed to have on a rich brown velvet vest.

33.2.312 Ants Also Are Social

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

back to

TPWAOBG

fun to

TPOUPB

have an

SRA*EPB

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

may not

PHAEUPBT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

which the

KH-T

will not

HR-PBLT

with your

WUR

you can

UBG

you should

URBD

Text

There are many other kinds of animals that live a family life besides man and bees. Ants lives together in large families. They work together in the anthill. Ants are very social animals.

It is fun to watch ant at work. You can have an anthill to watch. Go for a walk with your teacher. Take a large glass fruit jar and a shovel. Find an anthill and dig down deep under it. Place the dirt and ants in the glass jar.

When you get back to school, set the jar in a pan of water, so that the ants cannot crawl away.

If you wrap a dark paper around the jar and keep it there for a few days, the ants will start working sooner. They will build tunnels along the sides of the jar. You can watch them carry the eggs, which the queen lays, from room to room.

Be sure to feed the ants you keep in the jar. Push a glass funnel down into the dirt in the top of the jar. Put sand in the funnel. Then you can drop crumbs of bread and cake and grains of sugar on the sand in the funnel. The ants will come up into the funnel to get their food. Change the sand often, to keep the food fresh. Feed the ants only every four or five days.

If your family of ants does not work, you may not have dug up the queen. So try another hill. By digging deeply you should get a queen. Your ant family will not work without a queen.

33.2.313 Suns in the Nighttime Sky

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

difference to

TKOEUFRPBS

have you

SRU

Have you ever

SRUFR

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

is not

S-PBLT

is really

SHRAOERL

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

may be

PHA*EUB

millions of

PHOEUFPBS

millions of

PHOEUFPBS

or not

ORPBT

some of

SPHOF

them to

THOEUPL

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

they do

TKHOE

think of

THEUF

this is

TH-S

to find

TOFPBD

we could

WEBGD

you ever

UFR

Text

Have you ever tried counting the suns in the nighttime sky?

You may be surprised at this question. You may think there is only one sun in the sky. This is not true.

Every star in the nighttime sky is really a sun. There are millions of suns. Some of these suns are much larger than our daytime sun. Some of them are about the same size as our sun. Many of them are much smaller than our sun.

We like to see the many suns shining at night. They are beautiful to look at. They make us think of fairyland.

Some nights we can see no suns in the sky. They are hidden by thick clouds. We wish the clouds would go away so we could see the suns again.

But whether we can see the stars or not really makes but little difference to us. They do help a few people at night. The stars help the sailors at sea. They help them to find their way. They also help pilots of airplanes to find their way at night.

These many suns are far, far away from our earth. They give us only a little light. They give us almost no heat at all. They just look pretty in our nighttime sky.

33.2.314 End of Day

Selected Words

down in

TKPHOUPB

from the

TPR-T

from your

TPRUR

in the

TPH-T

is going

STKPW-G

where will

WR-L

will find

HR-FPBD

Text

Day is going away from your town.

Most people have stopped their work. Many children are in their beds.

A little noise comes from the trees. Birds are finding a place to rest. A gray squirrel jumps from limb to limb in the tree. Soon he will find a place to sleep.

Down in the long grass a rabbit goes hoppity, hoppity. Where will it sleep tonight?

The sun is going down in the west. Night is almost here.

33.2.315 The Queen Bee

Selected Words

all the

AULT

are the

R-T

begins to

STKPWOEUPBS

during the

TKURGT

in each

TPHAOEFP

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is the

S-T

made of

PHAEFD

returns to

TROURPBS

she is

SHES

there are

THR-R

to the

TOT

will not

HR-PBLT

with the

W-T

Text

The queen bee is the mother bee. She lays thousands of eggs during the summer. She is fed very special food called "royal jelly." A guard of worker bees keeps her from harm. They form a circle around her.

Just think how very important the queen bee is. She lays all the eggs that hatch into bees. Nothing must happen to the queen bee. The bees will not work without their queen.

The queen bee mates once during her life. She leaves the hive and flies high into the air. Many drone bees follow her. The drones are the father bees. One drone mates with the queen. Then she returns to her hive.

Soon after she mates the queen begins to lay eggs. She lays one egg in each cell. The cells are little six-sided rooms made of wax. There are thousands of wax cells in the hive. The queen lays many eggs that will hatch into worker bees. She places these eggs in the smallest cells. She lays some eggs that will hatch into drones. These eggs are put into the larger wax cells.

33.2.316 Home for Christmas

Selected Words

and so

SAOPBD

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

began to

STKPWAOPB

chimney

KHEUPL TPHAOE

I could

EUBGD

I go

TKPWEU

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

outdoors

AOUT TKAORS

so I

SO*EU

to be

TOB

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

Text

The Friday before Christmas I got back home, after being away for a long time. As the train pulled out, I picked up my bag and decided to walk up the hill.

It was good to be outdoors, walking in the bright sun, after months in dark city buildings. The fields were white with snow and made each red barn stand out. At the top of the hill was the old white church with two small Christmas trees by its front door.

As I went along the street, the sun began to go down. The blue smoke of a wood fire came out of a chimney here and there, and lights showed in windows. Maybe Christmas gifts were being tied up tonight.

Turning off the street, I went down our home road. It was almost dark now, but I could see a wild duck on the pond, stopping to look for seeds on its trip to some warm land. And so I passed on to my father's farm to spend Christmas.

33.2.317 A New Friend

Selected Words

can you

KU

did you

TKU

guess that

TKPWHAES

he said

HEBS

I shall

EURBL

I was

EUFS

on the

OPBT

thank you

THA*UPBG

thank you

THAUPBG

that I

THAEU

that I was

THAEUFS

to feel

TOFL

to me

TPHE

welcome

WELG

when you

WHU

Text

On the first day of school Jim saw a new boy about his own age. His seat was across from Jim's. Jim wanted the boy to feel welcome. At recess time he invited him to play football. Then he said, "I need someone to help me fix the wheel of my wagon. Can you come to my house after school?"

"Thank you," said Henry. "I'll tell my mother that I'm coming."

The boys became good friends before a week was over. Then Henry said, "Did you guess that I was lonely at first? I shall never forget how glad I was when you spoke to me."

33.2.318 Homes under the Ground

Selected Words

above the

PWOFT

as soon as

S-PBS

can find

K-FPBD

easy to

TOEZ

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

go into

TKPWHAO

goes to

TKPWOS

ground in

TKPWHROUPBD

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

living in

TPHREUFG

that could

THABGD

they can

THEBG

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

what is

SWHA*

will be

HR-B

with the

W-T

would find

WOUFPBD

you could

UBGD

you would

ULD

Text

Suppose you had eyes that could look down into the ground. Suppose you could see what is in the ground in your yard. You would find the homes of hundreds of little animals.

You would see the homes of ants. You would see the homes of some wasps and some spiders. You would see the homes of beetles and cutworms.

If you could look into the ground you would see earthworms making their long holes.

If you could look into the ground, you would see the homes of chipmunks.

On a sunny day in fall, try to find some chipmunks at work. Look for them near an old stone wall. Look for them in a field near the woods.

Chipmunks run about getting their home ready for winter. They find grain and other seeds. They find acorns and other nuts.

They hurry, hurry! They run with the food in their mouths. They hide it away under stones, or in any good hole they can find.

Then they dig, dig, dig. They make long tunnels under the ground. They dig away the ground to make two rooms. One in a storeroom. The other is the nest.

The chipmunks go into the rooms through one tunnel. They can go away from the rooms through two or three tunnels.

A small hole is the doorway to the tunnel that goes to the nest. It is not easy to find the doorway in the thick grass. The back doorways are hidden away even more carefully.

At last the tunnels and rooms are ready. The chipmunks look around for the nuts and other food they have stored away. They take this down to the storeroom.

The chipmunks take grass and dry leaves into the other room. This room is the nest. The chipmunks will curl up and rest in this room when cold winter comes.

Now the home is ready for winter. Chipmunks rest in the nest when days are cold. They eat when they are hungry.

On a warm winter day they may come up above the ground. But they go back as soon as cold weather comes again.

This home is a good place in winter. The chipmunks are away from cold and snow. They are away from most of their enemies.

By spring baby chipmunks will be living in the nest, too.

33.2.319 Polly Dresses Up

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and more

SKPHOR

and the

SKP-T

and to

TAOPBD

at once

TWUPBS

at the

TE

every day

*EFRD

going to

TKPW*GS

in the

TPH-T

Polly

POL HREU

ready to

TKRAOE

she could

SHEBGD

she was

SHEFS

she would

SHELD

there was

THR-FS

to the

TOT

would not

WOPBLT

Text

Polly was visiting her aunt in the city. She was having fun because every day she could dress up in her best clothes, and there was no mamma to hell her not to wear this dress or that hat!

Today she was going to the stores to buy some things for her aunt. She wore her best white silk dress, a pair of light blue slippers, and a beautiful white hat.

As she started out, she looked up at the sky. "It is getting ready to rain," she thought, "but I'm sure it will wait until I get back home."

The sky kept getting more and more dark, but Polly would not turn back. She was dressed in her fine clothes, and to the store she would go! Then all at once the rain came down, getting her wet right to the skin! It wet the silk dress and the white hat and the blue slippers. A very funny looking Polly started back in the rain!

33.2.320 The Ways of Ants

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

an ant

APB APBT

and all

SKPAUL

and can

SKP-BG

and the

SKP-T

and to

TAOPBD

as the

SAZ

can be

K-B

do not

TKPHOT

do the

TKO*T

everything that

THAEFRG

few of

TPAOUF

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

harm to

THAORPL

have a

SRA

he should

HERBD

I have

SREU

if a

TPA*EU

in a

TPHA*EU

in an

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is no

STPHO

is the

S-T

is to

STO

it can

T-BG

it was

T-FS

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

learned to

THROERPBD

of a

AEUF

of course

-FBG

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

off and

SKPOF

on the

OPBT

part of the

PAFRT

ready to

TKRAOE

said that

STHAEUD

she should

SHERBD

should not

SHOPBLT

so you

SOU

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

study of

STAO*UFD

that has

THAZ

that is

THAS

that she

STHAE

that the

THAT

there is

THR-LGS

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

things that

THAEUPBGS

this is

TH-S

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

use it

TAOUS

what is

SWHA*

when the

WHEPBT

with the

W-T

you will

HR*U

Text

I have told you that ants like honey and sweets. They will also suck the juices and soft parts of many other kinds of food. Some ants eat nearly everything that can be eaten.

Almost all ants will eat other insects, and suck the eggs or pupae of other insects. This habit makes ants very useful. Certain worms and bugs that destroy orange trees and cotton plants are killed by ants.

Ants also eat other insects that injure men. If a coat that has these on it is laid near an ant-hill, in an hour or two the ants will have made it quite clean.

You have seen a fly sit and clean her body and wings. She does this by drawing her feet over her head and body. So you have seen the cat clean her fur coat with her paws and tongue. The ant washes or brushes herself in just such a way.

The ant is very neat and clean in her habits. She takes many naps in a day, and after each nap she brushes herself. She brushes herself tidy after work and after taking food.

The action of the ant in cleansing herself is much like that of the cat. The ant has on her foreleg a little comb, shaped like your thumb. With this she strokes and combs all dust and dirt from her body.

If you watch an ant as she dresses herself, you will see that she draws her forefoot through her mouth. This is to clean the comb and to make it moist, so that it will do its work well.

The ant has also little brushes on her other feet; so you see there is no reason why she should not keep herself very trim and tidy.

Ants are very neat about their nests. They carry out all husks of grain and seeds and all dead bodies. They carry these quite off their hill.

I knew of an ant's nest that had been set on a post in water. It was kept clean by the ants. They soon learned to drop all refuse over into the water. That is as the sailor does, when he cleans his ship.

Ants bury their dead. When an ant dice, some of the other ants pick up the body to carry it off and bury it. They do not like to put dead bodies near their hill. The ants will carry the dead ones round and round, till they find a good place for them.

A lady who spent much time in the study of ants said that the slave-owning ants do not bury the slaves with the masters. They put the dead slaves in one place and the owners in another.

Ants will now and then change their home. They leave an old hill and make a new one. When they do this, if some of the ants do not seem ready to leave the old hill, the others drag them off by force.

Most ants have very good eyes, and can see above ground and under ground. But there is one kind of ant that is blind.

Ants can bite with their sharp jaws. They also have a sting. They seldom use it if they are let alone. Some ants have quite a sharp sting. The sting is on the hind part of the ant's body.

A sting is made in three parts. There is the sac for poison, the needle which gives the prick, and the case to keep the needle or prickle in. This needle, of a light color, is like a little thorn.

The ant seizes with its jaws the part which it wishes to sting. Then it lifts its body up on the hind legs, and swings its sting part under, so that it can drive the sting into the place held by the jaws.

The sting does not do much harm to people, but will no doubt kill ants and other insects.

Ants make also a kind of juice called "ant acid." They can throw this about when the hill is disturbed.

This acid must be pretty strong. It will make a dog sneeze and rub his nose. The ant uses it to keep dogs, mice, beetles, and such things, away from the ant-hill.

I have told you that some ants harm trees and plants by gnawing or cutting them. It is only fair now to tell you that ants help plants grow. As they creep into flowers for honey, they carry about from flower to flower the dust or pollen which makes new seeds grow. This dust sticks to the ant's body, and what is taken from one flower is carried to another. Bees also carry pollen.

Thus, you see that the ants help the flowers, which in their turn give food to the ants. But, of course, the ants do not know what they are doing for the flowers. Nor do the bees know that they help the flowers. The bees and ants do not know that pollen sticks to them, to be carried about.

These lessons about the ant contain only a few of the many things that can be said of this insect. I hope you will like the ants well enough to get other books about them, and study and watch the ants for yourselves.

33.2.321 A Letter from a Ship

Selected Words

and have

SKP-F

and I

SKPEU

came in

TKPHAEUPL

had a

HA

have been

SR-B

have had

SR-D

I have

SREU

I think

KWREUBG

I will

KWREUL

Jean

SKWRAO*EPB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

Peggy

PEG/KWREU

so you

SOU

such as

SUFPS

then the

THEPBT

there are

THR-R

very much

SR-FP

we have

SWRAOE

with your

WUR

you can

UBG

Text

Dear Jean:

I am on a big ship at sea and have been on it for nearly two weeks. I have enjoyed the trip very much. Last evening we had a Halloween dance with candles for lights. We played Halloween games, such as eating candy tied on the end of a string while your hands are behind you, and trying to pick apples out of the water with your teeth. My, how wet I got! We danced for a long time, and then the cook came in carrying a great big pumpkin pie. Behind him came more men with more pies. By the end of the dance every piece of pumpkin pie was gone!

Through the day I play games, read books, write letters, and tall to everyone. There are eight boys and girls on board, so you can guess what fun we have had. I think we will land tomorrow, and I will mail this letter then.

Love,

Peggy

33.2.322 Bobby’s New Book

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and all

SKPAUL

every night

EFRPBT

going to

TKPW*GS

has not

HAEPBLT

has to

THAOS

he has

HEZ

I am

KWRAEUPL

I said

EUBS

I will

KWREUL

it were

T-RP

of a

AEUF

one of

WUFPB

picture of

TP*EUFP

to be

TOB

what will

WHAL

when I

WHEU

you are

R*U

Text

Bobby has not been well for a long time. He has to be in bed all day. Every night when his daddy comes home, he brings something to Bobby. Bobby likes to get the things, and all day he has fun thinking, "Oh, what will Daddy get today? Oh, what will he bring me?"

One day Bobby's daddy brought him a big red book. In it were pictures of cats and dogs, cows and horses and pigs. The best picture of all was the one of a little brown and white pony.

"Bobby," said Daddy, "when I saw this book today, I said, 'I am going to take this book to Bobby. When he seize that pony, he will get well right away!' "

"You are right, Daddy. I will get well right away. Then I'll ride a pony just like that one!"

33.2.323 Some Queer Flies

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and is

SKP-S

and so

SAOPBD

and the

SKP-T

any of

TPHEUF

as long

SHRO*PBG

as long as

SHROPBGS

at the

TE

because it

TPWAUS

can be

K-B

goes into

TKPWHAOS

great deal

TKPWRAEL

has been

HAB

have been

SR-B

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

is a

SA*EU

is also

SHR-S

is not

S-PBLT

is that

STHA

is the

S-T

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

might be

PHAOEUB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

over it

TOEFR

some of

SPHOF

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

to the

TOT

used in

TPHAOUFD

when it

TWHEPB

which has

KH-Z

will say

HR-BZ

with the

W-T

you are

R*U

you say

UBZ

Text

Although flies are of use, they also do evil to men in many ways. It is well to look at things on all sides.

The fly you have been reading about is the common housefly. That the fly, with the noise, dirt, and spoiling of food by laying eggs in it, is bad enough. But yet the housefly makes the least trouble of any of its kind.

There are many kinds of flies. To the family of flies belong gnats, midges, mosquitoes, and the big daddy-long-legs with wings.

You know well, how some of these things sting, you say "bite" you. Mr. Daddy-long-legs hurts the grass lands with his grubs, which spoil grass roots and the shoots of plants.

There is a fly called a "gall-fly" because it bites trees, and lays eggs in tuition. Then upon the tuition grow over the eggs round balls called "galls," and these injure the trees.

There is also the "bot-fly," which lays its eggs on the hide of the horse. The eggs causes the skin of the horse to itch. He licks the place, and the egg goes into his stomach.

The eggs of the bot-fly is apt to make the horse sick. The grub eats holes in the stomach of the horse. That makes the horse sick. The farmer will say that his horse is sick with "bots."

In Africa flies kill horses and oxen by biting them. The bite poisons the cattle and causes fever.

Farmers will tell you of a very bad fly that spoils wheat and other grain. It is called the "Hessian" fly.

Flies, as they flit from place to place, sometimes carry with them the poison of disease, as of sores and ulcers. Thus they spread these troubles among people.

But while I tell you of that, I must not fail to say that flies, as they go to flowers for honey, carry the dust of the flowers from one to another. This helps new flowers to grow.

There is a large and handsome bright green fly, very fine to look at, which bites horses and worries them. It is called the "horsefly."

In some lands a small sand-fly causes sore eyes.

Flies have been on the earth about as long as men have, or a little longer, and there are some dead flies worth a great deal of money.

How is that? There are flies in amber. Amber is clear, hard, and bright yellow. It is used for jewelry. Sometimes we see a perfect fly, held in a clear, light mass of amber.

How did it come there? The amber was once a soft gum and the fly lit on it. It stuck fast, and the amber flowed over it and grew hard, and so buried the fly in a clear, golden tomb.

A piece of amber with a fly in it will bring a high price.

The "Spanish fly" is a large blue-green beetle. It is very handsome, and is most useful when it is dead. It is used in medicine. It makes blisters on the skin.

Do you say, "Oh, blisters are very bad!" Yes, they cause pain. But even pain can be of use in this world. The blister, though it pains us, is of use. It cures what might be a worse pain.

This Spanish fly is not a fly at all. It is a beetle which has been given a fly's name. It is put here at the end of the lessons on flies, because in the next lessons you are to read about beetles.

33.2.324 Electricity at Work

Selected Words

all of

A*UFL

and the

SKP-T

and the other

SKPOERT

at the

TE

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

can you

KU

do you

TKOU

do you see

TOUZ

from a

TPRA*

from the

TPR-T

have a

SRA

is to

STO

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

picture of

TP*EUFP

ready to

TKRAOE

the two

TWOT

then the

THEPBT

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

when you

WHU

you are

R*U

you can

UBG

Text

Not all electricity is sent out from a powerhouse. You can get electricity in other ways. One of these ways is to use a dry cell.

If you have a dry cell, you can watch electricity at work. You can make a bell ring. Find the picture of a dry cell at the top of the page. Do you see the two posts on the top?

Now find the picture of an electric bell. Do you see the posts under the box on the bell?

You will use all of these posts when you make the bell ring. Now you are ready to watch electricity at work.

Fasten the end of one wire around one post of the dry cell. Fasten the other end of the wire around one post on the bell.

Take the other wire. Fasten it to the other post of the dry cell and the other post of the bell.

Does the bell begin to ring? Does it ring and ring?

How can you make the bell stop ringing? Just take one end of one of the wires away from the post. Then the bell cannot ring.

33.2.325 Mrs. Turkey’s Vacation – Part 1

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

as the

SAZ

ask the

SK-T

he said

HEBS

I were

EURP

I would

EULD

if I

TPEU

if I were

TPEURP

it was

T-FS

no one

TPHOEUPB

on the

OPBT

she wanted

SHEPTD

there was

THR-FS

to me

TPHE

too bad

TAOBD

up and

SKPUP

when you

WHU

why not

KWR-PBLT

would be

WOB

Text

Long ago when Mrs. Turkey was a little thing she asked about Thanksgiving. Her friends outside the barn told her what it was.

"I would be scared if I were you," said the cow. "I'm glad no one watts to cut me up and put me on dishes on the table!"

"Yes, it's too bad," said the little turkey, "but they won't be doing that to me!"

"Why not?" ask the horse. "When you grow up, I'm going off for a vacation!"

Mrs. Turkey ate all the corn she wanted and grew into a fine fat turkey, good enough for any table.

One morning there was a light fall of snow. As the horse walked by Mrs. Turkey, he said to her: "Time is getting short. It's this week, I hear."

"Good-bye!" answered Mrs. Turkey. "My vacation starts tonight!"

33.2.326 Homes in Trees

Selected Words

are the

R-T

can find

K-FPBD

for the

TP-RT

have you

SRU

if the

TP-T

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is like

SHRAOEUBG

made of

PHAEFD

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

somehow or other

SHOU O*EUR

there are

THR-R

they can

THEBG

when the

WHEPBT

will find

HR-FPBD

you will

HR*U

Text

High trees are the homes of many, many animals. Such trees are something like apartment houses. They are homes in the big branches and in the little branches. There are homes in the tiptop of the tree. There are homes in the trunk.

Many birds build their nests in the big branches. Here you will find the nests of robins, king birds, and blue jays.

Young gray squirrels, too, live in the branches. Their homes is a nest made of sticks and leaves. It is placed far out near the ends of the branches.

It does not look like a strong nest. But somehow or other it stays together. It makes a good home for young squirrels.

The nest is a summer home for gray squirrels. Their winter homes is in the trunk of the tree. The squirrels curl up there and rest when the weather is cold.

Other animals live in tree trunks, too. Woodpeckers nest in the trunks of trees. Have you heard them tapping on the tree? They make holes in the trunk with their bills.

As the woodpecker taps, the hole gets bigger. Little pieces of wood fall down into the tree. These little pieces of wood make the nest soft for the young woodpeckers.

Crows build their nests high in the tops of trees. They build in the highest places they can find.

Eagles, too, sometimes make their nests in the tiptop of the highest trees.

The eagles' nest is like a platform. It is made of small sticks. It looks as if the eagles just threw the sticks together.

33.2.327 Do You Think of Colors?

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

a lot

HROELT

a lot of

HROEFLT

did not

TKEUPBLT

do you

TKOU

from the

TPR-T

have a

SRA

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

is to

STO

lot of

HROFT

of a

AEUF

orange

ORPBG

so much

SOFP

think of

THEUF

to have

TOF

you find

UFPBD

you think

UPBG

you would

ULD

Text

Do you like colors? Do you think sometimes how nice it is to have so much color around you? You would miss colors if you did not have them.

We have a lot of green around us in the grass and trees. Our eyes like green. With green we like to see flowers of every color be -- red, yellow, blue, orange, and white.

What do you think of when someone says "white"? Do you think of snow on a hill, a new white dress, or a white egg? Can't you think of something white?

What do you think of when someone says "brown"? Do you think of a little brown bird flying away, a brown winter coat, or a brown rabbit jumping in the grass?

Mary's hair is yellow. Betty's eyes are blue. Tom is eating a red apple. Bobby brought some oranges from the store. Color, color, all around you! Look for it in your home. Can't you find some new colors today?

33.2.328 People Travel by Air

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

above the

PWOFT

as the

SAZ

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

at the

TE

can we

KWAOE

did not

TKEUPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

getting into

TKPWHAOEGT

good morning

TKPWAOPL

had a

HA

how do

TKHOU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

it was

T-FS

made of

PHAEFD

may not

PHAEUPBT

no one

TPHOEUPB

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

on and

SKPOPB

out of

OUFT

take the

TAEUBGT

that was

THAFS

the two

TWOT

then the

THEPBT

through the

THRUT

we are

WER

we have

SWRAOE

while the

WHAOEULT

will the

HR-T

Text

Bob and his mother and father stepped out of the car at the airport. The day was cloudy and dark. Fog was over the city and around the airport.

People were getting into the plane.

"Can we start out in this weather?" Mr. Baker asked the pilot.

"The weather man says to go ahead," answered the pilot.

Soon the airplane was off the ground. Up through the fog it climbed. Up, up, up it went through the rain clouds over the city of New Town.

The plane climbed higher and higher and higher. Then Bob had a big surprise. Bright sunshine was coming through the window. Bright sunshine was all around them. Above them was blue sky.

"Look down, Bob," said his father.

Bob looked down. Under the airplane were clouds, clouds, clouds.

"It looks like a floor made of clouds," Bob said. The floor of clouds reached as far away as Bob could see.

"It is a floor that no one could walk upon," said Mr. Baker. "Not even birds or insects could walk upon that floor."

But Bob did not see any birds or insects. As the plane flew on and on, Bob thought, "We are alone up here in the sky."

Just then he saw another plane. The plane dipped its wings. Bob's plane dipped its wing. The two pilots were saying "Good morning" to each other up there in the sky.

By and by Bob asked, "How will the pilot know when we have reached East Town?"

"The radio will tell him," said Bob's mother. "When we are near the airport, it will tell him how to land the airplane."

Soon the co-pilot heard the radio at East Town calling him. The radio said, "Do not land at East Town. Low storms with wind. Go on to North Town."

So the are airplane went on its way to North Town. It was high above the storm.

In a little while the radio at North Town called the co-pilot. It said, "Thick fog at North Town. Use care in landing."

Then the radio told the pilot just how to land the plane.

Down, down, down it came, out of the sunshine into the thick fog. Out of bright sunshine into a dark, wet day!

"That was a good trip for us," said the pilot. "We cannot always go above the clouds into sunshine. Sometimes the clouds are high up as well as near the earth. Then the planes may not leave the ground."

"How do we get to East Town?" Bob asked. "Can we get there today?"

"Yes," Mr. Baker answered. "We can get to East Town today. But we must take the train. The weather has grounded us."

33.2.329 Where Cougars Live

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

at the

TE

cougar

KAOUG A*R

do not

TKPHOT

easy to

TOEZ

had a

HA

in a

TPHA*EU

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

is not

S-PBLT

of a

AEUF

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

there are

THR-R

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

which has

KH-Z

Text

Cougars live in the North and in the South, in the East and in the West.

They make their homes in all kinds of places. Some cougars live in the woods. Others live in the open fields. Some make their homes on the sides of mountains. The cougars in the first part of this story had a fine home in a cave.

Some cougars make their homes out in the open. Some use a flat rock which has another rock above to keep out the rain. Others use a grassy place under some bushes.

Some cougars hide their home under trees which have branches near to the ground. It is not easy to find the home of a cougar.

Today there are not many cougars in places where people live. Most cougars now keep far back in the woods. They hide away high in the mountains.

Most of us do not want to meet cougars in the places where they live, but we can see them in cages at the park.

33.2.330 Electricity Gives Light

Selected Words

at the

TE

do not

TKPHOT

is not

S-PBLT

some of

SPHOF

them to

THOEUPL

they do

TKHOE

to be

TOB

very well

SR-RL

you can

UBG

you do

TKO*U

you should

URBD

Text

At night city streets are bright with light. You hardly know it is night until you look up at the dark sky. All over the city people are using electric lights.

Many people work at night. Electricity helps them to see to do their work. What kinds of work do people do at night?

People can see to do many things very well at night. They do not need to wait for daytime to do some of their work.

In the pictures below two boys are trying to read by electric light. You do not need to be told which boy has the better light.

When you read or study, you should use the best light you can get. You should take good care of your eyes. Poor light is not good for your eyes.

33.2.331 A Happy Monkey

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

all the other

AUL OERT

and the

SKP-T

and was

SKP-FS

began to

STKPWAOPB

he wanted

HEPTD

in a

TPHA*EU

it was

T-FS

that was

THAFS

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

while the

WHAOEULT

Text

Jo-Jo was a happy monkey. He lived in a little building with seven other monkeys. They had an outdoor pen.

Jo-Jo liked music. When he heard it he wanted to sing. He opened his mouth and made a noise. That was Jo-Jo's song. All the other monkeys laughed, but he didn't care.

Some monkeys are happy playing tricks. Jo-Jo was. Every week those monkeys enjoyed ice cream. While the others were eating it one day, Jo-Jo threw sand into their ice cream. The monkeys began to fight Jo-Jo and throw their ice cream all over him. Jo-Jo didn't care. He only laughed and ran outdoors. It was a hot day, and the ice cream made a nice cold bath. He cleaned off his fur and was as happy as ever.

33.2.332 Bringing the News

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

at one

TWUPB

at the

TE

even if

TPAOEPB

he said

HEBS

he was

EFS

I've got

AOEUFGT

if the

TP-T

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

it has

T-Z

it would

T-LD

of the

-FT

on and

SKPOPB

should I

SHOEU

so I

SO*EU

that would

THALD

this afternoon

TH-FRPB

what would

WHALD

when I

WHEU

when the

WHEPBT

with the

W-T

Text

The old man was asleep when I reached his cabin in the woods with the letter. He was lying on a cotton his little front porch, his hands folded under the back of his neck. Should I speak to him, anyway, or make a noise that would wake him up? Or should I let him sleep on and dream for a few minutes more? Even if the letter held good news, it would keep.

Not being in a hurry, I decided to wait awhile. So I sat on a bench under a tree and looked around. Everything was clean outside the house. At one side was a garden with beans and corn and potatoes growing in it. At the corner of the house was a high pile of wood.

It was hot and still in the woods this afternoon. No wind stirred the trees. Even the birds were silent. Not a note, not a sound broke the quiet.

I was just wondering what would happen if the news were sad, when the old man appeared around the side of the house. I held up the letter. He tore it open quickly, and a smile broke over his face. "Good! he said. "I've got the money! It has come at last!"

33.2.333 How Fish Live in Water

Selected Words

and again

STKPWEPBG

as a

SA*Z

as it

TAZ

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

at the

TE

goes into

TKPWHAOS

has to

THAOS

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

picture of

TP*EUFP

she could

SHEBGD

she has

SHEZ

that is

THAS

that she

STHAE

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

they do

TKHOE

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

up to

TOUP

very well

SR-RL

Text

Polly watched the sunfish swim about in the clear water. She wished that she could swim as well as they do.

Polly can swim very well, but she cannot swim under water as a fish can. She has to come up to the top of the water to get air to breathe.

People cannot live in water. Most animals cannot live in water. They cannot breathe when they are under water.

A fish lives in water. It takes in air under water. It gets its food in water. Water is its home.

Watch a fish as it takes in air under the water. Watch it open its mouth again and again.

You may ask, "Is the fish drinking?" No, it is not drinking the water. It is getting air that is in the water.

The water goes into the mouth of the fish. It goes out through the gills. Its gills help the fish to take in air that is in water.

In the picture of the sunfish, look at the black spot on the side of the head. This spot is on the cover of the gills of the sunfish. The next time you see a fish, look for its gills.

33.2.334 Water in the Ground

Selected Words

and is

SKP-S

at the

TE

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

goes into

TKPWHAOS

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is not

S-PBLT

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

some of

SPHOF

there is

THR-LGS

you do

TKO*U

Text

As Ben said," there is much water in the ground. Wells hold drinking water for people on most familiarities. Men dig deep into the ground to make wells.

After a hard rainstorm, look at the puddles of water in the yard or in the street. You do not see the puddles long after the rain is over.

Much of the water from the puddles goes into the ground. Here it is used by the roots of grass and trees. It is used by plants in the garden.

Much of it goes down, down into the ground. Some of it goes into wells and is used by people. Much of it is not used at all.

33.2.335 A Fishing Party

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

above the

PWOFT

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

and this

STHAPBD

are the

R-T

as the

SAZ

as you

AUZ

did you

TKU

down in

TKPHOUPB

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

from your

TPRUR

he has

HEZ

he was

EFS

I shall

EURBL

I will

KWREUL

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

it was

T-FS

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

more than

PH-RPB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

out of

OUFT

that the

THAT

that you

THAU

them to

THOEUPL

they were

THERP

to be

TOB

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

up and

SKPUP

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

what a

WHA*

what else

WHAELS

what he

WHAE

what is

SWHA*

while the

WHAOEULT

with the

W-T

you ever

UFR

you want

UPBT

you would

ULD

Text

Did you ever go fishing? Did you fish with a rod and line? Or, did you sit on a pier and let your line drop into the water from your hand? Or, did you go out with the boats and see the men throw a net into the water?

There are many ways of fishing, and now I shall tell you of some queer little fishers and their ways.

Why did you want to catch fish? Oh, just for fun!

My little fishers fish for food, and they eat their fish without any cooking. Their fish are so small that you cannot see them without the help of a glass that magnifies.

I saw a fishing party today. They were twenty fishers in it. They were all dressed in white coats. They all sat on one stone.

"What a big stone!" you cry. You had better say, "Oh, what little fishers!" For, to tell you the truth, I covered the whole party up with one of my hands!

Was this a fairy fishing party? No; it was a barnacle fishing party. I will tell you about it.

The sun shone on the water, the sea was still, and the tide was slowly going out. It was half-low tide. A gray rock lay in the water. The water was yet about two or three inches above the top of the rock.

On this rock were about twenty stemless barnacles, clean, white, and acorn-shaped. They were of the size of small is acorns. You must know that barnacles grow. They are of many sizes. Some are the size of of a small glove-button. Others are of the size of a small acorn, or of the end of your little finger.

As I looked at these twenty little fishers, the plates of the shells were opened a little. Out of the top of each shell came a fine little plume, like five or six tiny feathers.

This plume waved up and down in the water. It seemed to open and shut gently, as you would open and shut your hand.

Every now and then this little plume was drawn quite back not shell. In a minute out it came again and waved as before. What did all this mean?

It meant that the barnacles were having a fishing party. They were catching their dinner while the tide was over their shells. Mr. Crab gets his dinner at low tide, and hides at high tide. Mr. Barnacle fishes and eats at high tide. At low tide he shuts his shell house and clinician to his place. He is waiting for the tide to come up and cover him once more.

When Mr. Barnacle opened and shut this fine plume, it was his net, or his set of lines with which to fish little live creatures from the water. He tangles his prey (or food) up in his fine plumes.

Among the things he catches are tiny crabs, too small for the naked eye to see.

When the plume net is full, he draws it into his shell. Then he empties it into his mouth. After this he puts his plume out of his house once more, to fish for other things. In the mean time, he feeds on what he has taken. He has no pantry in which to store things, as Mr. Crab has.

Near this fishing party on the stone, drifted a log. On the underside of the log were some stem barnacles. They were fishing, too. They fished in the same way, and for the same kind of things.

They opened their shells, pushed out a lovely plume, and this pretty thing caught food in its meshes.

Does their net never break and need to be mended as the fisherman's net does? No doubt, if it does, a new piece will soon grow. What is his net? It is Mr. Barnacle's feet. His crab cousins have many legs and feet. The crabs will have jaw feet, and a a claw, or hand. When he was young he had six legs. The barnacle now has more than six feet. They look very like a cluster of long fingers or toes. He uses them to fish with. For what else should he use them? He never walks nor swims.

33.2.336 The Rose Beetle

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

an ant

APB APBT

and the

SKP-T

are a

RA*

as an

SA*EPB

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

because of

PWAUFS

between the

TWAOEPBT

call this

TKHAUL

come in

TKPHOPL

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

find it

TPHAOEUPBD

full of

TPUFL

harm to

THAORPL

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is no

STPHO

is not

S-PBLT

number of

TPHUFPL

of a

AEUF

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

old and

SKPOELD

one of

WUFPB

shut up

SHUP

so many

SOEPL

some people

SPAOEPL

that is

THAS

then the

THEPBT

there are

THR-R

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

this the

TH-T

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

when it

TWHEPB

where the

W-RT

will find

HR-FPBD

you will

HR*U

Text

The chief family of the beetles is a large one. It is found in all parts of the world. The beetles that belong to it are large, and often of fine color and shape.

In old times the people of Egypt called one of this family the sacred beetle. They kept it as an object of worship. They often wore a stone or metal image of it, to keep themselves from harm.

Let us now study one of this family. It is called the Rose Beetle. That is a very pretty name. The beetle itself is pretty. It chooses a pretty home and dainty food.

Some call this the Golden Beetle, because of its color. It is a fine large beetle, with a thick body, round at the tail part. The feelers are short and club-shaped. The body, head, legs, and wing-cases are a fine golden green, with silver spots and lines.

This beetle does not hold the wing-cases apart when it flies. It tips them only a little. The wide, thin wings come out from beneath them.

The rose beetle is seen most in May and June. You will find it in the garden, about the flowers. Its chief feed is honey and flower petals. Its mouth is not horny, but soft and skin-like.

The feelers have ten joints, and wave lightly as the beetle flies. It likes the sunshine. When it flashes about in the light, it looks like a piece of melted gold with green tints on it.

The rose beetle chooses for its home and food the brightest and largest flowers. It digs deep into the hearts of the roses. It sucks the honey and chews the petals.

When the mother rose beetle wishes to lay her eggs, she finds a place at the foot of a tree. She goes down among the roots, where the wood is old and soft. Then she puts her eggs between the bark and the wood.

Sometimes she changes her whole plan, and puts her eggs into an ant's nest! The ants do not seem vexed at this.

The larva of the rose beetle is a fat, round, white thing, like a thick worm. The head is round, and of a pale brown color. The thin skin has hairs on it.

These larvae move very slowly, and always rest upon one side. They have strong jaws, and their feelers have five joints. A number of them live together. They are dull and lazy, and always eating. They eat leaves and soft wood.

While the weather is warm, the larvae keep near the top of the soil. When it is cold, they dig down, even one or two feet, and lie asleep until spring comes again.

They live in this way for three years. Then they make a round or egg-shaped ball. They make the ball of grains of earth, bits of dead leaves, and grass. Or, they use the wood or sawdust they have cut up with their jaws. They fasten all this stuff together with glue from their mouths.

When the larvae are shut up in this ball, they change very quickly. At first the ball, or case, seems full of a milky fluid. Then the legs and wings grow. After a few weeks the white worm has changed to a fine beetle that looks like a jewel.

Some of these beetles are so fine that they are put into hoops of gold for earrings and brooches. In the island of Manila ladies keep rose beetles in tiny cages for pets!

There is a beetle much like the rose beetle. It is called the May, or June bug. These June bugs come in great numbers. They eat the leaves of trees, and even kill trees in this way. They they fly by night; and they like to get into a room where a lamp is burning.

They blunder about, making a great busy with their horny wings. They hit their heads on walls and panes of glass. Some people are afraid of them. That is foolish, for they can do no harm to them.

These June bugs hide all day in the shade. They do not like the sun. It is no wonder there are so many of them, as each mother lays forty eggs. The larva do much damage by eating plant roots.

Watch June beetles to see how they lift their wing-covers when about to fly. Look well at the folding of the inner wings.

33.2.337 The Slave Ants

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

all the

AULT

an ant

APB APBT

and the

SKP-T

are not

R-PBLT

as a

SA*Z

as the

SAZ

because it

TPWAUS

brought up

PWROUP

do not

TKPHOT

for the

TP-RT

if a

TPA*EU

in a

TPHA*EU

in an

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

is a

SA*EU

is an

SA*PB

much as

PHUFPS

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

she can

SHEBG

South America

SA* SA*

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

they do

TKHOE

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

very much

SR-FP

when the

WHEPBT

where the

W-RT

with the

W-T

Text

Now I must tell you about the slave ants and their owners. The chief family of the slave-making ants is called "The Shining" for its body shines with a gloss like varnish.

The slave-making ants and their slaves are found in many parts of the world. The masters are of a light or red color, with a bright gloss. The slave ants are dark or black.

In nests where slaves are held the masters never do any work. They make war and steal slaves, or slave babies.

The slave ants do all the work. If a war rises, they also fight for the hill and their owners.

The army of the slave makers will march to the hill of a tribe of ants which think wish to seize for slaves. They carry off the pupa cases, where the little new ants are get legs and wings.

These baby ants are taken to the hill of the owners and brought up with their own young. No slave-ant eggs are laid in a hill, for the queens lay all the eggs, and the queens are not slaves. The slaves are stolen when they are eggs, or larvae.

The owners seem to be very kind to their little slaves, and as the slaves grow up and fill the hill they seem to do very much as they please.

The slaves build new hills and take their owners to live in the new home. If a mistress ant wishes to wander off her hill, her slaves drag her back. If she does not wish to move to a new home, her slaves carry her off, all the same.

The slave-owning ants walk about their hill in an idle way. If war comes, then they fight bravely.

The owners do not build the house, nor nurse their babies, nor feed themselves. Often they do not even clean their own bodies. They leave all these duties to the slaves. The slaves feed their owners, and brush and clean them, as a servant cleans his master's coat. When the ants are to make a move, the slaves pick up their masters, and carry them away.

How can they do that? The ants carry all burdens in their jaws. The slave and the master lock their jaws, the owner curls up the the back of her body, and the slave carries her off.

The grip of an ant's jaws is very strong. She can carry things much larger than her own body.

There is an ant which uses the pine needles for food. She carries the bits of pine laid over her back, much as a man carries a gun. There is a little groove in this ant's head, where the bits of pine rest.

There is an ant called the "parasol ant," because it cuts off tiny bits of leaf, and carries them along. Each ant holds a piece of leave over its head, like a parasol.

An army of this kind on the march looks very funny. These ants line their nests with the bits of leaf, to keep the dirt from falling in.

These parasol ants are very large. Their nests cover a large space. The bits of leaf are cut about the size of a dime. The ants carry them in their jaws, each piece by a little left for a stem.

We have some parasol ants in this country, in Florida and Texas, and there are many of them in South America.

33.2.338 Homes on the Ground

Selected Words

can find

K-FPBD

come out

KPHOUT

find it

TPHAOEUPBD

for the

TP-RT

ground in

TKPWHROUPBD

in the

TPH-T

is the

S-T

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

they can

THEBG

to the

TOT

you can

UBG

Text

You can find the homes of many animals on the ground at your feet.

Rabbits make nests on the ground in the fields. These nests are homes for their young.

Almost always the mother rabbit puts her nest where other animals cannot find it easily. She finds a place in the high grass. The nest often is near a fence or under some bushes.

The grass makes a soft place for the baby rabbits. The mother pulls hair from her body. This does not hurt her. The hair would come out anyway. She spreads the hair on the grass for a nest.

The young rabbits stay close to the nest until they can care for themselves. Their fur is the color of the dry grass. The thick high grass makes a good home for rabbits.

33.2.339 John’s First Airplane Ride

Selected Words

in an

TPHA*PB

and he

SKPE

did not

TKEUPBLT

do you

TKOU

from the

TPR-T

getting

TKPWEGT

getting into

TKPWHAOEGT

he was

EFS

he would

ELD

in an

it was

T-FS

liked it

THRAOEUBGD

to be

TOB

you say

UBZ

Text

Yes, John was going for a ride in an airplane. It was to be his first ride, and he was so happy he did not know what to say.

He liked to read books about airplanes, and his mother had read him stories about airplanes. He had made toy airplanes, too. But he didn't think he would ride in one.

And here he was, getting into an airplane with his father. They sat down, and soon the airplane took off. At last John was flying!

Father looked at John. "What do you say, John? Do you like this?"

"Yes, Father," said John. "Yes, I liked it from the time we took off. It's funny!"

33.2.340 Jane’s Letter

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

and she

SKPHE

are you

RU

do you

TKOU

do you see

TOUZ

every day

*EFRD

I think

KWREUBG

out to

TPOUT

think of

THEUF

this is

TH-S

to me

TPHE

went to

TWOEPBT

what are

WHAR

write

WREU

writing

WREUG

Text

Do you see Jane writing a letter to her father? This is her letter:

Dear Daddy:

How are you? I think of you every day, and I miss you. What are you doing out there?

Today Mother went to school with me. She saw us make a doll and some dresses for it. I read to Mother and she liked that.

I am going out to play now. Please write to me again.

Love,

Jane.

33.2.341 Untitled

Selected Words

had a

HA

of a

AEUF

out to

TPOUT

through the

THRUT

Text

Paul and Frank went out to gather wild flowers.

Going through the woods Frank found a pink lady's slipper and some twisted stalk with its little pink bells.

On the far side of a creek, they saw a bank blue with forget-me-nots.

Paul went over on an old tree trunk, but Frank's ankle was weak, so he went on until he found a plank. They soon had a large bunch of flowers to take home.

33.2.342 Air Has Weight

Selected Words

above the

PWOFT

as far as

STPARS

as large as

SHRARPBLGS

as much

SPHUFP

as the

SAZ

as you

AUZ

at the

TE

can find

K-FPBD

come out

KPHOUT

did the

TK-T

do you

TKOU

everything that

THAEFRG

from the

TPR-T

hand and

SKPHAPBD

have you

SRU

Have you ever

SRUFR

how many

HOUPL

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is not

S-PBLT

know about

TPHOEBT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

put it

TPUT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

square inch

take the

TAEUBGT

than the

THAPBT

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

that you

THAU

the two

TWOT

then the

THEPBT

there is

THR-LGS

there was

THR-FS

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

turn the

TURPBT

we say

WEBZ

what happens

WHAPS

when you

WHU

where was

WR-FS

will the

HR-T

with the

W-T

you are

R*U

you can

UBG

you can't

UBGT

you ever

UFR

you know

KWRAOUPB

you think

UPBG

Text

Almost everything that you know about weighs something. Even a feather has weight. So has air.

Does it surprise you to learn that air presses against everything with its weight? It presses against your face. It presses against your hands. It is pressing against your book right now.

You remember that air may go out into space for as far as five hundred miles. The weight of all this air presses down upon everything.

You may wonder why you can't feel it pressing against your hand or your face or your book. Air presses on all sides of your hand. It presses down on your hand. It pushes up on your hand. It presses your hand from the right and from the left. That is why you cannot inside that it is pressing at all. We say that the pressure is equal on all sides.

Air presses about fifteen pounds on each square inch of your hand and your face and your book. A square inch is as large as this:

If you have some scales, you can find out how heavy fifteen pounds is. Put one book on the scales and weigh it. Now add another book. Weigh the two books. Keep piling books on the scales. Stop when you have fifteen pounds of books on the scales. How many books did it take to weigh fifteen pounds? This much weight presses on every square inch of your body.

All about you are ways to prove that air has pressure. Have you ever seen your mother open a tin can of fruit juice? She always punches two holes in the can. Will the juice run out freely if she punches only one hole? Ask your mother to let you try it. Punch only one hole first. Does the juice run out easily? No punch a second hole. What happens now?

The juice runs out of one hole because air outside the can presses against the juice through the other hole in the can.

You can try another experiment with an empty tin can. The experiment proves in a different way that air has pressure. Punch a nail hole in the side of the can near the bottom. Put water in the can. The water runs out because air is pushing down on it from above.

Now press a piece of paper over the top of the can. What happens? Does the paper keep the air above the can from pressing on the water? Take the paper away. Does the water start running out of the hole again?

Have you ever drunk milk through a straw? Why does the milk come up through the straw? When you suck on the straw, you pull the air out of the straw. Then the milk is pushed up into the straw. It is pushed up into the straw by the air that presses down on the top of the milk in the bottle.

What do you think would happen if you used two Strauss in the milk? Cow drink faster that way?

He is is another experiment that proves that air presses against things. Hard boil an egg. Cool it and take off the shell. Place it at the top of a quart milk bottle. Does it drop into the bottle?

Next crumple some paper. Put it down into the milk bottle. Set it afire and burn it. Some of the air is used as the paper burns. There is not as much air inside the bottle now.

Place the egg over the top of the bottle again. Watch and see what happens now.

Why did the egg drop into the milk bottle? Where was the air that did the pushing on the egg?

Now try to get the egg back out. Turn the milk bottle upside down. Will the egg fall out?

You can make it come out in this way. First fill the bottle to the top with water. Then empty the water. The burned paper will float out with the water. Turn the bottle upside down. Now hold your mouth over the top of the bottle. Below hard into the bottle. You push air into the bottle as you blow. There is much more air inside the bottle now than there was before. Soon the egg will pop out of the bottle.

S air inside pressed against the egg. It pressed harder on the egg than the air outside the bottle. Out came the egg.

33.2.343 How Much Will a Magnet Hold?

Selected Words

all the

AULT

all the other

AUL OERT

at the

TE

from the

TPR-T

fun to

TPOUPB

how many

HOUPL

middle of

PH*EUFLD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

to find

TOFPBD

Text

Jack took a large needle. He placed it across the ends of a magnet.

He took a second needle. He put the eye of the needle at the middle of the first needle. He took a third needle. He put the eye of this needle at the point of the second needle. He took a fourth needle. He put the eye of this needle at the point of the third needle. Four needles were on the magnet.

"Now watch," said Jack. He took the first needle from the magnet. Down dropped all the other needles.

It is fun to find out how many things a magnet can pull to itself.

33.2.344 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

he wants

HEPTS

of it

T-F

Text

Will West made a little garden for himself, and takes good care of it. He pulse up the weeds and waters it often.

Will hopes his garden will bloom well, for he wants to take some flowers to his friends.

33.2.345 Why Bees Swarm?

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

as the

SAZ

can be

K-B

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

have a

SRA

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

may be

PHA*EUB

may have

PHAEUF

number of

TPHUFPL

of the

-FT

she is

SHES

so the

SOT

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

them to

THOEUPL

then the

THEPBT

there can

THR-BG

there is

THR-LGS

they do

TKHOE

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

when the

WHEPBT

with the

W-T

you know

KWRAOUPB

you remember

URPL

Text

You may have heard that bees sometimes swarm. Do you know why they swarm? You remember that the queen bee lays many, many eggs. Most of these hatch into worker bees. As the young bees hatch, the hive becomes very crowded. Many of the old bees leave the hive. The old queen usually leaves with them. They fly in a buzzing swarm to a fence or tree that is near.

Beekeepers try to watch their swarms. They do not want to lose their bees. When the bees swarm, the beekeeper brings a new hive. He gently shakes the bees into a basket and places them in the new hive. He keeps the door of the hive closed for a day or two.

For a while there may be no queen in the old hive. A young queen soon hatches. She looks for other hatching queens. You remember there can be only one queen in a hive. So the strongest queen kills the other queens by stinging them to death. Sometimes there is a real battle before one queen wins. She is then the new queen of the hive.

Such is life inside a beehive. Every bee does it work well. No wonder such a large number of bees can live together in one hive.

They are not like your family. They do not talk to one another about their work. They do not play together. They do not make plans as your family does.

Each member of the bee family has his own jobs to do. He does these jobs and no others. He lives with the other bees in the hive, but he does not have a family life quite like yours and mine.

33.2.346 Untitled

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

at a

T*A

book of

PWAOFBG

Hodge

HOPBLG

in the

TPH-T

made of

PHAEFD

Madge

PHA*PBLG

on the

OPBT

she has

SHEZ

years old

KWRAERLDZ

Text

Madge is nine years old. She has a bird cage. Hodge found a young bird in the hedge and brought it to Madge.

Last night they went on the stage at a meeting and spoke some verses, and the judge gave each of them a badge made of ribbon and a large book of poems.

Madge read seven pages in her book while Hodge was making a wooden wedge to hold the bird cage up straight.

33.2.347 Homes in Water

Selected Words

above the

PWOFT

all the

AULT

back to

TPWAOBG

built in

from the

TPR-T

go into

TKPWHAO

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

made of

PHAEFD

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

they can

THEBG

to the

TOT

when the

WHEPBT

where the

W-RT

Text

Water makes a good home for many animals. Fish live all the time in their water homes.

Some animals build their homes in water. Muskrats make very fine winter homes in water. They find quiet water in a pool or brook. They work together to make a pile of sticks, leaves, and roots. Inside the pile a place is left for a large room. The muskrats will live in this room.

Part of the pile is in the water. Part of it is above the water. The room where the muskrats live is above the water.

The door to the house is a tunnel. The tunnel goes down from the floor into the water. When the muskrats leave the house, they go into the tunnel. Then they swim out into the water.

In winter muskrats spend much of their time sleeping in this house. They eat when they wake up. Then they go back to sleep again.

They eat the food that they stored in their houses in the autumn. Sometimes they even eat some of the small sticks that their houses are made of. They can catch fish in the winter time. They find other food in the water, too. The muskrats' home is good for them. It is built in a good place for their ways of living.

33.2.348 Untitled

Selected Words

Don

TKO*PB

ferry

TPER REU

he can

K*E

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

to the

TOT

ugly

ULG

Text

Toby has a pony; his name is Don. He can trot fast. He is a shaggy pony and Toby says he is ugly; but he is kind and lets us ride him to the ferry.

Harry and Jerry can carry some milk to the kid and kitten in the shed.

33.2.349 The Earth Takes a Long Trip

Selected Words

at the

TE

be the

BT

but it

TPWUT

did you

TKU

earth is

S*ERT

how long do

TKHOUPBG

how many

HOUPL

is the

S-T

it has

T-Z

that a

THA*

that the

THAT

we say

WEBZ

years old

KWRAERLDZ

you are

R*U

you ever

UFR

you know

KWRAOUPB

you were

URP

Text

You know that the earth rotates once every twenty-four hours. Did you know that the earth is taking another trip at the very same time? Wet, it is.

Did you ever ride on a merry-go-round?

The pony you sat upon traveled around and around the music box.

Let's suppose the music box is the sun. Let your horse be the earth. The horse travels around the music-box sun.

Our earth really does travel around the sun. It has a road, or path, that it takes.

How long does one trip take? Well, the road is very long. Earth travels fast, but it takes 365 1/4 days to travel once around the sun. Isn't that a long trip?

We measure our year by the length of time it takes the earth to travel once around the sun. We say the earth resolves around the sun. Once every 365 1/4 days the earth resolves around the sun. We call that a year.

If you are nine years old, the earth has made nine trips around the sun since you were born. How many trips has the earth made around the sun since your father was born?

33.2.350 A Cold Winter Night

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

given to

TKPWOEUFPB

he said

HEBS

I could

EUBGD

I would

EULD

if I

TPEU

in an

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

Martin

PHAR TEUPB

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

should be

SHOB

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

write about

WREUBT

Text

It was still snowing. All the brown earth was covered with a blanket of snow. Mr. Martin shook the snow off his boots and set them by the fireplace to dry. Then he settled in an easy chair and drew close to the fire.

He was cold after driving the team out from town. It was no night from even a dog to be out! A dog's bone should be given to him by the fire on a night like this, he thought. The cattle were warm, anyway.

Just then Mr. Martin looked up and saw his wife coming through the door, a pan of hot sugar cookies in her hand. As he ate, he said, "Mary, if I could write a poem, I wouldn't write about winter coming and the crops all being in, or about white snow and a warm fire in the stove! I'd write a poem about your sugar cookies, hot out of the oven!"

33.2.351 The Five Senses

Selected Words

with our

Text

We can see things with our eyes. We can hear noises with our ears. We can smell odors with our noses, and taste food with our tongues. We can touch, feel, and handle things with our hands. Seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, feeling, are called the five senses.

33.2.352 Dinner Out-of-Doors

Selected Words

-

H-PB

fun to

TPOUPB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

there are

THR-R

things to

THOEUPBGS

when it

TWHEPB

White

WHAO*EUT

Text

Any nice day you may see the children of the first grade eating their dinner out-of-doors. They think it's fun to eat that way. Miss White lets them take their little red tables and chairs out under the trees.

What good things to eat there are on the tables! Milk and eggs, apples and oranges, and cake!

After dinner they sit under the trees and sing, and after that they play.

Miss White tells them when it is time for school again, and in go the tables and chairs and children.

It's fun to eat out-of-doors any time.

33.2.353 Untitled

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

had a

HA

have had

SR-D

he would

ELD

I have

SREU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

love you

HROUF

New York City

TPHORBG STEU

Ponto

--

read it

TRAED

so much

SOFP

that is

THAS

things in

TPHEUPBGS

very much

SR-FP

Text

One day when Nellie Brown was at home she wrote a letter with ink.

Then she folded it nicely and called Ponto.

Who was Ponto?

He was a dog that knew ever so much. He would carry things in his mouth.

"Ponto, take this letter to mamma," said Nellie. "Now don't stop to play."

Ponto took the letter in his mouth and walked off with it.

He came to mamma in the parlor and held up the letter to her.

Mamma took it, and said, "Why, a letter from my little girl!"

Then she read it.

New York City

May 1, 1885

Dear Mamma,

Ponto and I have had a good play.

I love you very much.

Your Nellie.

"That is a very good letter," said mamma.

33.2.354 Untitled

Selected Words

found this

TPHOUPBD

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

just in

STKPWHRUFT

Text

One day last August, Maude and Claude found this little squirrel in the woods with a broken paw. It had been caught in a trap.

The children were sorry for him, and carried him home in a basket.

In the autumn, when his leg was quite well, they took him back again to his home in the woods, just in time to gather his store of nuts for winter.

Maude and Claude often go to see him and watch him at his work. He does not forget his kind friends.

33.2.355 Watches for Enemies

Selected Words

as it

TAZ

from a

TPRA*

from the

TPR-T

has to

THAOS

he can

K*E

ready to

TKRAOE

sparrow

SPAEUR ROE

take the

TAEUBGT

through the

THRUT

very well

SR-RL

Text

All through the year song sparrows must watch out for their enemies. They must watch out for cats.

Song sparrows must watch out for other birds. Hawks and owls like to eat them. They must watch out for squirrels too. These animals take the eggs from the nest.

What helps to save a song sparrow from his enemies?

A song sparrow can see very well. With his bright eyes he seize an gnome as it comes near. He can move very fast, too. He can fly away quickly from a cat or a squirrel.

He has to move very quickly to get away from a hawk or an ol'. A song sparrow always is watching. He always is ready to fly away quickly.

33.2.356 Princes and Giants

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

able to

TAOEUBL

and are

SKP-R

and can

SKP-BG

as a

SA*Z

Atlas

AT HRAS

because of

PWAUFS

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

can be

K-B

David

TAEUFD

do not

TKPHOT

do the

TKO*T

four times

TPRAOEUPLS

from the

TPR-T

front of

TPROFPBT

full of

TPUFL

Goliath

TKPWHRAO*EUT

group of

TKPWRAOUFP

had not

H-PBLT

have an

SRA*EPB

have been

SR-B

have the

SR-T

Hercules

HERBG HRAOES

how can

HOUBG

I will

KWREUL

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

is a

SA*EU

is like

SHRAOEUBG

it can

T-BG

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

King David

KEUPBG TKAEUFD

likely to

THRAOEULG

may be

PHA*EUB

much as

PHUFPS

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

shut up

SHUP

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

talking about

TPWAUG

that a

THA*

that be

THAB

that you

THAU

them to

THOEUPL

they do

TKHOE

this is

TH-S

very much

SR-FP

walk in

TPWHAUBG

when the

WHEPBT

when you

WHU

you can

UBG

Text

Beetles vary much in size. Some are so small that you can hardly see them as they creep among the grasses.

Others are so large that a child might fear them. He might think that with their thick legs and claw-like feet and strong jaws they must surely be able to hurt him. But beetles are quiet, mild things, and seldom pinch or bite anybody.

Why do these beetles have these strong coats like mail? To keep them from harm. They live under stones, and among roots, and dig about in the earth. Their horny bodies protect them.

Many animals might eat the beetles if they had not the horny coats to shield them.

Fish, birds, and other animals eat them and their grubs. Enough are killed and eaten to prevent the world being too full of beetles.

Beetles have few weapons. I will tell you of one or two of them. Stag beetles have very large, strong jaws, and can give a good pinch with them.

One family of beetles is called the "Oil family." They have an oil in them. They drop this from their legs when they are touched.

This oil has a bad smell. It can make a blister on the skin. Because of this oil people let them alone, and perhaps small animals do the same.

There is a beetle that carries a gun! This is like a gun with several barrels, for it can be fired three or four times without being reloaded! Oh, how can that be?

Near the tail of the gun beetle is a little sack of bag full of fluid. When an enemy comes near him, Mr. Beetle, as he runs, throws off a drop of this fluid. The fluid flies out of the bag with a little bang. It sounds like the report of a tiny gun, and makes a kind of mist or blue smoke.

Three or four of these shots follow each other. This beetle is a small fellow. Big beetles like to chase him. When the wee gun goes off in the big beetle's face, the big beetles backs away. Then he folds down his feelers and stands still.

He acts very much as a dog does when he drops his tail between his legs and runs off!

These little gun-owning beetle live in damp places. Often a group of them will hide under a stone. If you lift up the stone, the poor beetles are in a great fright. They begin to fire off their guns like a squad of soldiers.

Now after talking about these little beetles, let us talk of great ones. I told you some beetles are very small, and some are very large. One beetle is so big that it is called the Giant. Another is called Goliath, from the huge giant who King David slew. Others are called Atlas and Hercules, from tales told in old times of giants.

The very large beetles live in hot lands and are scarce. Some have the jaws large and curved like a crab's claw. At first sight you might think them crabs. Some of these old ones are shown in the picture.

The colors of these great beetles are often very splendid. Some of them have long horns on the front of their heads. Some of them have the hind legs so large, and of such a queer shape, that they do not look like beetles.

Some of these giant beetles have large teeth and knobs upon their jaws; they need them to crush and break their food. These teeth are like the knobs on Mr. Crab's claw, which he uses for playing a tune. The beetle can use his knobs to make music.

Beetles are fond of their own tunes. Often they make, for fours, a shrill hum, or buzz. They make this by rubbing their wing-cases.

There is a great beetle in Brazil called the Prince of Beetles. He gets this name from his size and beauty. Some of the princes have been sold for two hundred dollars each.

When you walk in the field, you might carry a bottle with a wide mouth. In this you can collect beetles to study. It may be very pleasant to study them when you go home. But have something in the bottle to kill them, for, shut up in a small space, and frightened, they are likely to pull each other to pieces.

33.2.357 Untitled

Selected Words

and is

SKP-S

come out

KPHOUT

could not

KOPBLT

Ethel

*ET EL

in the

TPH-T

like it

THRAOEUBG

lily

HREUL KWREU

Norman

TPHOR PHAPB

of it

T-F

this afternoon

TH-FRPB

Text

"O mamma, please come out with me for a row this afternoon?" But mamma shook her head with a smile.

Norman owns a rowboat, and is very proud of it. He calls it the "Sea-Foam."

He could not coax his mother to go out, so here you see Mary and Ethel in the boat with him. See them float along. They go slowly, as Norman cannot row well; yet they seem to like it.

"O! See the water lilies," said Mary, "roll up your sleeves, Ethel, and reach for good long stems."

They soon had six lovely lilies.

33.2.358 At the Beach

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

and are

SKP-R

are a

RA*

as a

SA*Z

beach

PWAEFP

have an

SRA*EPB

is not

S-PBLT

learning to

THROERPBG

Rice

RAO*EUS

start to

STAORT

that would

THALD

they know

TH*EPB

to the

TOT

would be

WOB

Text

Mr. Rice often takes his family to the beach. Ed and Ruth are learning to swim and are already able to float. The water does not scare them because they know that neither their father nor the lifeguard will let them drown. Mrs. Rice is not a good swimmer, but she likes to go bathing.

Ed and Ruth have an inner tube from an old tire that they use as a life belt. "I'll not sink with this around me," Ruth shouts.

"Better be careful," is Ed's answer. "That old tube may fool you and start to leek. That would be a sad surprise!"

33.2.359 My Tramp

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and I

SKPEU

at the

TE

for the

TP-RT

going to

TKPW*GS

he was

EFS

I had

H*EU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

it was

T-FS

led to

THROED

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

she said

SHEBS

she would

SHELD

that he

THAE

what I

WHAEU

worry about

WOERB

Text

One day a tramp knocked at our kitchen door and begged for some food. It was the worst day a tramp could choose to come begging, because Mother was sick in bed and I had only a little leftover meat for my own lunch. I told him to sit outside in the shade. Then I piled bread and butter, the hot meat, a cup of coffee, and some apples on a tray and matched out with it. I noticed then his face was white and pinched.

I went back into the house and told Mother what I had done. She said I must lock the doors or she would worry about me. Every now and then I stole a look at my tramp and saw that he was still eating. "Not going to waste a bit," I thought. In a little while I heard the sound of chopping at the woodpile. I opened a window and called to him to stop. He did, for he was too tired to work. I handed him a dollar and told him to get some sleep. He thanked me and walked away.

About a year later I received a letter, containing a dollar bill. It was written on good stationery and said: "Thanks, little girl, for the loan. Your tramp."

33.2.360 The Little Water-men

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

above the

PWOFT

all the

AULT

and have

SKP-F

and he

SKPE

and more

SKPHOR

and over

SKPOFR

and so

SAOPBD

and the

SKP-T

are also

R-LS

are not

R-PBLT

as it

TAZ

as the

SAZ

but it

TPWUT

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

for the

TP-RT

full of

TPUFL

fun to

TPOUPB

have a

SRA

he has

HEZ

he knows

H*EPBS

he wants

HEPTS

hold it

THAOELD

hold it

THOELD

how does

TKHOUS

if the

TP-T

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in front

STPROPBT

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is also

SHR-S

is it

ST

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is not

S-PBLT

is to

STO

number of

TPHUFPL

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

over and

SKPOEFR

point in

TPHOEUPBT

so many

SOEPL

than the

THAPBT

that the

THAT

then the

THEPBT

there are

THR-R

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

they were

THERP

this is

TH-S

though the

THOET

through the

THRUT

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

will not

HR-PBLT

you know

KWRAOUPB

you think

UPBG

you will

HR*U

Text

You know of spiders that live on land. You also know of spiders that run upon the water. There are also land-beetles and water-beetles.

The water-spiders have rafts, boats, skates, and diving-bells. They sit and float on lily leaves. Their homes are all cool and bright under the clear, still waters.

There is also a happy race of beetles that have all these things. The story of these beetles is like the story of a fairy prince, but it is a true story.

All living thing are fitted for the places where they are to live. The animals that live in cold lands have thick fur. Birds are made with light bodies, so that they can fly easily. The fish have scaly, pointed, slippery bodies, so they can glide swiftly through the water.

So you must expect to find that the water-beetles are not quite like the land-beetles. They have bodies made fit to live in their water-home.

If you place a water-beetle beside a land-beetle, you will see that the parts of the water-beetle fit more closely than the land-beetle's. They join each other so as to form a smooth, water-tight case. When we build a boat, is it not our first care to make it tight, so that it will not leak?

Infect you will see that the water-beetle's body is longer, narrower, and more point in front than the land-beetle's. It is made so as to part the water as it moves along. The water-beetle's shape is more fish-like than that of the land-beetle. When we build a boat, we do not make it broad or square at both ends. We make the for part narrow and sharp, to cleave the water as the fish does.

As the water-beetles will swim much and walk very little, their first and second pairs of legs are small and feeble, but the hind legs are wide and strong, and reach par back. They are used for swimming.

Mr. Swimming Crab has broad hind-legs, used for oars or paddles. Mr. Water- Beetle's legs are made in much the same way, and have hairs or bristles upon them.

But though the water-beetles are to walk but little, they are to fly much, and so hair wing are fine and large.

In fact, the water-beetle likes to fly. Very often he flies at might, and he seems to delight in a clear moonlight. Then the water of his pond spreads out like a sheet of silver, and the crickets chirp in the grass.

On such nights the water-beetles rise quite high into the air, and fly here and there, as if full of joy. Then they turn, close their wings, and drop into the water with a splash, like a stone.

When a number of these beetles drop with this quick splash, what do you think happens? Why, the green frogs who sit on logs or rocks, with their business eyes above the water, dive in a great fright. I wonder if the beetles think it is fun to scare the frogs?

The larvae of water-beetles live in the water, as their parents do. They are very greedy, and hunt their food as if they were angry. They have large jaws, shaped like a sickle. Their bodies are long and narrow, and they have on each side of the head six tiny eyes.

With so many eyes they can see all about them, so they keep out of danger. They also see bugs which they wish to catch. Their straight, narrow bodies dart through the water with such quick motion as Mr. Crab has when he runs on the sand. They pounce on their prey, and their curved jaws hold it fast.

Some of these great water-beetles have a sharp point, like a thorn, on the underside of the breast. This is not of use to kill what they eat, or to fight their enemies. The beetle seizes his prey with his jaws, or with his forefeet. But if you try to hold him, then he draws his body back, and drives this thorn into your hand.

Water-beetles have flat pads on their feet, as water-spiders do. The hairs on these pads hold tiny bubbles air.

When these beetles wish to fly, they do not rise straight out of the water; they climb up the stem of some plant. Then, when they are high enough to make a good start, they spread their lovely wings, and skim away.

If you watch the ponds, you may see a water-beetle floating with his head down, and the tip of his tail stuck out of the water. What does he mean by that queen action?

He is getting air to breathe. Though he lives under the water, he breathes air, and he is filling up the diving-bell. How does he do that? Let us see.

This beetle's wing-covers are airtight. The mouths of his breathing-tubes open under the wing-covers. When he has used all the fresh air he had, he wants some more. So he comes to the top of the water, turns his head down, and spreads out his feet to balance himself. Then, with a little jerk, he drives out all the air from under his wing-covers.

Then he draws in a little fresh air, shuts his wing-covers up close, and goes down with plenty of fresh, pure air to breathe.

I have known people who will shut themselves up in a room and breathe the same air over and over again. The beetle, you see, is more sensible. He knows that if he is to keep his health and spirits, he must have good, fresh, clean air to breathe. So he takes all this trouble to get pure air.

33.2.361 The Worker Bees

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and you

SKPU

are not

R-PBLT

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

back and

SKPWABG

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

needs to be

TPHAOEBDZ

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

put it

TPUT

ready to

TKRAOE

she is

SHES

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

take the

TAEUBGT

than the

THAPBT

that is

THAS

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

turned into

TPHAO*URPBD

use it

TAOUS

what is

SWHA*

when the

WHEPBT

when you

WHU

which is

WEUS

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

Worker bees do most of the work of the hive. They have many jobs. Some do one thing, and some do another. They work very hard and die young. Most worker bees live only about six weeks. A queen bee lives from four to five years.

The first eggs the queens lays in the spring hatch into worker bees. These worker bees have much work to do. They must not expect help from the queen. She is busy laying eggs. Many, many more bees are needed as the summer goes along. The queen must lay thousands of eggs.

The worker bees must mend the hive. They gather a sticky material from the buds of trees. It acts as glue does when you use it. All the holes and contraction in the hive are filled with it.

Then the workers start making wax. They need wax to make the cells, or rooms, for the hive. The queen lays eggs in some of these wax cells. The workers store food in other cells. The honey is stored in still other cells. Many cells are needed.

In early summer the workers eat and eat. They eat nectar. Then they crawl to the top of the hive and hang themselves up. How funny they look! All their heads are hanging down.

Soon wax scales begin to appear on the under side of their bodies. Other workers scrape off the wax and start making the many cells that will soon be needed in the hive. They begin to build the cells at the top. They make row after row of wax cells. Some workers act as guards for the hive. They stand guard for the queen. Others stay near the door of the hive to watch for enemies. Sometimes a mouse enters the hive. The guard bees sting it to death. Bees from other hives are not welcome. The guards kill them or chase them out.

Some worker bees are nurses. They care for the young of the hive. The eggs hatch into wormlike creatures called larvae. The nurse bees first feed the larvae with a milky white liquid from their own mouths. Latter they feed them bee-bread. They make this bee-bread from the yellow pollen dust of flowers.

After six days the larvae are ready to change their form. The nurse bees make a door for each wax cell. The larvae then change into pupae. They are changing from larvae to full-grown bees. After twelve more days they eat off the door of the cell and crawl out. At first they are all white, but in a day or two they are full-grown bees.

The larvae that will become queen bees get very good care. The nurses feed them larvae a very special bee-breed called royal jelly. These bees grow larger than the workers. As they grow, their wax cells have to be made larger for them.

Some other worker bees gather nectar from the flowers. The workers fly from flower to flower. They stick their long tongues deep into the nectar cup of each flower. How sweet the nectar tastes! They fill their honey sacs, or honey stomachs, with this sweet nectar.

Back to the hive flies the worker bee with a sac full of nectar. On the way the nectar mixes with a juice from the worker's stomach. Each drop of nectar is stored in wax cells made just for this use. One worker makes many trips a day. Back and forth, back and forth, back and forth it flies. Each drop of nectar helps to fill up the wax cells. When the cells are filled, the worker seals them.

The nectar now needs to be turned into honey. Worker bees fan their wings all night. The fanning evaporates some of the water in the nectar. What is left is a thick sweet liquid called honey. And you know how good that is on bread or pancakes. Don't you?

Worker bees gather pollen from flowers, too. It sticks to the long hairs on the worker bee's body. The long hairs on the hind legs of the bee form little baskets. The worker bees push pollen into these baskets. They use their hind legs to push the pollen into the baskets.

The load of pollen is heavy for the worker bee. Other workers take the pollen out of the baskets. They put it into wax cells. This pollen is mixed with nectar and made into the bee-bread which is fed to the baby bees.

33.2.362 Wimpy

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

at the

TE

during the

TKURGT

going to

TKPW*GS

he has

HEZ

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

it a

TA*EU

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one that

TWHAUPB

terrier

TER KWRER

to be

TOB

what was

WHAFS

wimpy

WEUPL PEU

yelp

KWREL P

Text

Bob's fox terrier, Wimpy, does not like to be dirty. Bob uses a brush to keep his pet's hair smooth and clean. He makes it a rule to bathe him twice a month. Wimpy's body is always carefully dried.

In the summer Wimpy sleeps on the porch, but during the winter his bed is in the kitchen. When he is hungry, he will beg for food. His best trick is catching a bone that Bob throws to him. Bob thinks Wimpy is a smart dog.

Once Wimpy slipped when he has going to waken PWO*P. Bob ran to see what was the matter and saw poor Wimpy at the bottom of the stairs. He yelped a little, but he wasn't hurt.

33.2.363 A Song Sparrow’s Nest

Selected Words

for the

TP-RT

if you

TPU

if you ever

TPUFR

is not

S-PBLT

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of the

-FT

sparrow

SPAEUR ROE

that are

THAR

through the

THRUT

to find

TOFPBD

you ever

UFR

you would

ULD

Text

When spring comes, song sparrows are very busy. Does anyone need to tell you what keeps them busy? Like most other birds, they are busy making nests. They are busy taking care of their baby birds.

All through the spring, their song is very beautiful. They sing and sing and sing.

Most song sparrows make their nests in bushes. If you ever try to find a song sparrow's nest, look in places that are near the ground.

A song sparrow's nest is not very pretty. For the outside, the birds use dry grass and old leaves. Sometimes they put in small pieces of bark. Sometimes they use small sticks.

The inside of the nest is made with more care. Hair and small grasses are placed around and around the inside. This makes a soft, warm place for the baby birds.

A mother song sparrow lays about four eggs. You would like to look at these eggs. Some are light blue. Some are light green. They look as if someone had painted little brown spots all over them.

33.2.364 Going Shopping

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and I

SKPEU

at a

T*A

had a

HA

how much

HOUFP

I had

H*EU

lead

HRAED

notebook

TPHOEBG

went to

TWOEPBT

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

One Saturday morning Jack and Susan went downtown with Mother. They got some new shoes for Jack and a new green dress for Susan. Then they went to a shop where they bought a necktie for their daddy. It cost a dollar. While Mother looked for a coat, she left the children alone at a bookstore. Susan got ink for her pen and paper for her notebook. Jack god some lead for his pencil.

"I had a dime and I spent five cents," Jack said.

Do you know how much money Jack had left?

33.2.365 Marbles

Selected Words

all right

HR-RT

All right

HRAOEURBLT

and did

TKAPBD

for the

TP-RT

he was

EFS

marbles

PHAR -BLS

sentences

STPH-PBSZ

they could

THEBGD

they did

TKHE

they were

THERP

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

will be

HR-B

Text

Jim and Bob often played marbles after school. First they went home together and did their lessons for the next day. Jim helped Bob with his arithmetic, and then Bob read Jim's sentences to see that they were all right. When this work was done, they went to the park.

Jim and Bob owned a knife together. Each day the boy who won at marbles might carry the knife till the next time.

One day after Jim had handed it to Bob and they had just started home, they heard a bark. Looking down, they saw a puppy coming after them. He was caked with mud. They did everything they could to send him away, but the dog stayed with them. "Isn't he cute?" said Jim. "Let's call him Marbles."

"He will be yours and mine together, like the knife!" said Bob.

33.2.366 Using Thermometers

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

at a

T*A

at the

TE

but it

TPWUT

can be

K-B

can you

KU

do you

TKOU

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

even in

TPHAOEPB

goes to

TKPWOS

how can

HOUBG

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is about

SPW

is it

ST

know the

TPHO*ET

learn to

THROERPB

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

out to

TPOUT

should go

SHOUG

temperature

T*EPL TAOUR

that the

THAT

thermometer

THERPLT

they can

THEBG

this is

TH-S

to find

TOFPBD

too long

TAOPBG

up and

SKPUP

up to

TOUP

very, very

SRE SRE

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

what about

WHABT

when the

WHEPBT

when you

WHU

you are

R*U

you know

KWRAOUPB

you should

URBD

you want

UPBT

Text

In many parts of the earth the air is very, very hot. Around noon it is so hot that people stay in the house if they can. They try to keep out of the burning sunshine. It is very hot even in the shade. Dogs lie still with their tongues out. Donkeys stand quietly until someone makes them move.

Some places on the earth have very cold winters. When people go out of doors, they wear their warmest coats. They cover their ears. Sometimes they cover their faces.

Before going out someone may ask, "How cold is it?"

"Watch out!" comes the answer. "This cold air can freeze your knows and ears before you know it."

How can you tell that the air is very cold in the picture on page 189? How can you tell that it is very hot in the picture on page 188?

Sometimes you want to know just how warm a place is or how cold it is. You want to know the temperature of the place. Do you know how to find the temperature? Learn to use a thermometer.

Look at a thermometer at school or at home. Find the red line on it. Heat makes the red line climb up. Cold sends the red line down.

Put the thermometer in a warm place. Watch the red line go up. Find the number at the end of the red line. This number tells how high the temperature is.

Put the thermometer in a cold place. Watch the red line go down. Find the number at the end of the red line. This number tells how low the temperature is. The numbers on a thermometer are called degrees. We use degrees to tell temperature.

Find 0 on the thermometer. The air is very, very cold when the red line goes to 0. But air can be colder than 0. Look at the numbers below 0.

Look at the picture on page 189. Where these people live the red line on the thermometer goes down, down to 0. It may go to 40 degrees below 0.

In many, many parts of the earth the red line on the thermometer never goes down to 0. In some places it stays around 80 degrees. This is summer heat.

In some places, the red line on the thermometer never goes below 80. But it goes up, up, up! Look at the picture on page 188. Where these people live the red line climbs up and up to 90, 115, 120 degrees.

The thermometer which Mother puts in your mouth should go no higher than about 98 degrees. If it does, you are sick. You should go to bed.

Here are some degrees of temperature that children should know:

90 Very warm. Wear a sun suit.

70 The air in a room is about right. The air out of doors is warm. You need not wear a coat or cap.

60 Nod very cold. But wear a coat or a jacket.

40 Not Freezing cold. But wear a cap and a warm coat. What about leggings?

32 Water freezes at 32. When the red line stays well below 32 for two or three days ponds will freeze. Wear a warm coat, cap, mittens, leggings.

0 Very cold! When you go out of doors, wear your warmest clothes. If you go out to play, don't stay too long.

33.2.367 Stars in the Daytime Sky

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

and the

SKP-T

as the

SAZ

because it

TPWAUS

can be

K-B

daytime

TKAEUPLT

during the

TKURGT

from the

TPR-T

have you

SRU

Have you ever

SRUFR

in fact

TPH-FT

in the

TPH-T

is not

S-PBLT

is really

SHRAOERL

long, long

HROPBG HROPBG

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

may be

PHA*EUB

millions of

PHOEUFPBS

millions of

PHOEUFPBS

nighttime

TPHAOEUPLT

of the

-FT

part of the

PAFRT

that is

THAS

there are

THR-R

this is

TH-S

very, very

SRE SRE

you can

UBG

you ever

UFR

you say

UBZ

Text

Have you ever tried counting the stars in the daytime sky?

You may be surprised at this question too. You may think there are no stars shining in the daytime sky. This is not true.

The stars shine all night. The stars shine all day. In fact all the stars shine all the time. They never stop shining.

Why can't you see the stars shining in the daytime sky? It is because our sun shines so brightly. And the reason our sun appears so bright to us is because it is so near the earth.

Near, you say! Yes, near compared with any other star in the sky. The sun is ninety-three million miles away. That is really a long, long way off. The next nearest star is many, many millions of miles farther away from the earth.

Many of these other stars glow as brightly as the sun. But they are so very, very far away that only a little of their light reaches the earth. That is why some children think the stars go away during the day.

During the day the light from our sun is so bright that no other stars can be seen. During the night the sun does not shine on our part of the earth. In the dark nighttime sky you can see the light from the many other suns.

33.2.368 The Firemen

Selected Words

at the

TE

call the

KAULT

corner

KRORPB

do not

TKPHOT

easily

AOELS

fun to

TPOUPB

handle

HAPBL

in the

TPH-T

made of

PHAEFD

of the

-FT

siren

SAOEURPB

telephone

T-FPB

through the

THRUT

you should

URBD

Text

"Our house is made of brick," said Jim. "Father told me that houses made of brick or stone do not burn so easily as those made from wood."

If a house should catch fire, you should use the telephone or a fire-alarm box to call the firemen. The fire-alarm box is on a pole at the corner of the street. You break the glass in the box and pull a handle. That calls the firemen.

It is fun to watch the firemen rush through the streets on their big trucks. They blow their siren and ring a bell. Hurry! Hurry! There go the firemen to fight the fire.

33.2.369 Grandfather and the Bears

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

and she

SKPHE

and to

TAOPBD

at the

TE

he was

EFS

of a

AEUF

that a

THA*

that she

STHAE

they were

THERP

to the

TOT

too far

TAOFR

where she

SWRE

Text

Once my grandfather shot a mother bear. He saw her go and stand at the foot of a tall tree and look up. He couldn't see that she had two babies up there -- he was too far away. But the wind had told the mother bear that a man was near, and she had hurried to the tree to tell the babies to forget about the meal they were looking for, and to slide right down to the ground.

The mother bear fell and died where she lay. Grandfather was sorry when saw the babies, but he took them home in his wagon and kept them for a long time.

33.2.370 A Flag in a New Country

Selected Words

all the

AULT

America

PHERBG

and he

SKPE

as a

SA*Z

full of

TPUFL

had not

H-PBLT

in a

TPHA*EU

long, long

HROPBG HROPBG

on the

OPBT

they could

THEBGD

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

while the

WHAOEULT

Text

Long, long ago, a ship full of people came across the seas to America. The people were sorry to leave their old homes behind, but they had not been happy in their own country and decided not to stay. They looked to the great new land as a better place to build their homes. There they could bring up their children as they wished.

Many weeks passed at sea, but at last the people saw land. In a short while the first man set foot on a rock, and he called the others to come with him as he planted the flag of his country on the new land. Then all the people gave thanks that they had come through the long trip so well.

33.2.371 Mr. Beetle Seeks For a Home

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

and is

SKP-S

and so

SAOPBD

are also

R-LS

are not

R-PBLT

are the

R-T

at the

TE

come out

KPHOUT

could not

KOPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

do the

TKO*T

easy to

TOEZ

for the

TP-RT

had a

HA

has not

HAEPBLT

have a

SRA

I shall

EURBL

in front

STPROPBT

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

is the

S-T

is too

STAO

it can

T-BG

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

living in

TPHREUFG

may find

PHAEUFPBD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

off and

SKPOF

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

ones that

TWHAUPBZ

or the

ORT

part of the

PAFRT

so the

SOT

some of

SPHOF

that would

THALD

then the

THEPBT

there are

THR-R

these are

THAOERS

they could

THEBGD

they do

TKHOE

too large

TAORPBLG

up and

SKPUP

when you

WHU

will say

HR-BZ

with the

W-T

would be

WOB

you find

UFPBD

you will

HR*U

Text

Now I shall tell you of a very odd beetle. If ever you find one of this family, you will say, "This poor beetle has outgrown his coat!" You will say that when you see how very short his wing-cases are.

But no! The beetle has not outgrown his coat. Insects do not grow after they leave the pupa-case. Mr. Beetle and his coat are both of the same size that they always were.

In fact, this beetle's coat was cut short for him at the first. It is the fashion in his family to wear short clothes!

The flying-wings of this beetle are large, but the wing-covers are very short. They do not cover half the length of the body. Yet this beetle can fold up and tuck his flying-wings under the short wing-cases.

Most of the short-coated beetles are small. Some of them are an inch long. They are very lively insects. They are very greedy little creatures too.

Some of these beetles eat only animal food. They are always busy hunting for it. Others of them are fond of mushrooms. Some of them have a bad smell. People do not care to touch them.

Since their hard shell coat is so short, it would be easy to hurt them. No doubt they have this bad smell to cope away creatures that would eat them. The smell keeps them from harm.

The short-coats do not all have a bad smell. Some beetles with long coats have this foul odor. And there are beetles that smell like roses, and like musk.

Some of the short-coated beetles curl the hind part of their body over. The end is held up above their backs. If they had a long, hard coat, they could not do that.

You have read about the termites, or white ants. In Brazil people may find one kind of the short-coat beetle living in the nests of the termites.

These beetles that live with the termites are very curious. The back part of their body is too large for the front part. It looks like a TKPWRAL ball, and is turned up over the upper part of the back. These are the only beetle that do not lay eggs and off and leave them. They keep their eggs in this large, round part of the body until they hatch. Then the wee larvae come out alive.

Why do the ants allow these beetles to live with them? Perhaps it is because they make no trouble, and so the termites do not care one way or the other. Perhaps, like the little Aphis, this beetle has a way of making honey; so it pays its house-rent with honey!

There are also other short-coat beetles which do not have these big, round bodies. They lay their eggs like other beetles; yet they live in ant-hills. Perhaps these beetles and their larvae like to feed on the husks and rubbish they may find innocent ant-hill. The ants do not drive them out.

The short-coat beetles are not the only ones that take lodgings. Perhaps you may hear your mother say that "the moths have got into her furs." If she looks at the furs, she may fiend, not only moths, but small bolts. They are having a fine time eating up the fur!

These beetles destroy furs, skins, skin rugs and stuffed animals. Their greedy larvae can make much havoc. These larvae are like tiny black worms. They are fond of ham, bacon, and lard.

One very large short-coat beetle is called the "coach-horse." The larva of this coach-horse beetle looks like the full-grown insect. It carries its tail aloft, in the same way. It can run fast, and seeks its food all day long.

These larva often hide under stones. In the winter they go deeper under ground. They are fierce, and they eat animal food.

The baby lives only about three weeks in the pupa-case. This case is of an odd shape, like a wedge, with a rounded top. It is of a shining gold color, and has a plume or crown of hairs in front.

33.2.372 Gobble! Gobble!

Selected Words

Christmas

KREUS PHAS

gobble

TKPWOBL

is a

SA*EU

sandwich

SAPBD WEUFP

shall have

SH-F

there is

THR-LGS

turkey

TUR KAOE

we were

WERP

will be

HR-B

Text

There is a big turkey on our farm. He goes, "Gobble! Gobble!" He will be fat by Christmas. When we were feeding him today, he got up on a big box. "He is a fine bird," said Father.

Jack likes duck, but I like turkey. We shall have some turkey sandwiches for our lunch after Christmas.

33.2.373 Carefully Built Homes

Selected Words

at the

TE

can find

K-FPBD

can you

KU

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

Have you ever

SRUFR

hummingbird

HUPLG PWEURD

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is this

STH

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

Oriole

OR KWROEL

part of the

PAFRT

picture of

TP*EUFP

than the

THAPBT

that you

THAU

them to

THOEUPL

they do

TKHOE

things that

THAEUPBGS

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

when it

TWHEPB

when the

WHEPBT

why the

KWR-T

you can

UBG

you ever

UFR

Text

Animals make many different kinds of homes. Is one of these homes better than another?

The Baltimore oriole is one of the finest builders in the world. Baltimore orioles nest in high trees. They build their nests at the very end of a high branch.

They take long dry grasses. They find pieces of string and horse hair. They use long strings from the stems of milk weed plants. They make these into a deep nest which hangs from the branch like a bag.

The birds tie the string and grasses round and round the branch. This holds the top of the nest in place.

The bottom of the nest is bigger around than the top. The eggs lie deep in the bottom of the nest. When the baby birds come from the eggs, they stay at the bottom of the nest.

The wind swings the nest about. It rocks the birds in the nest, but they do not fall out. Look at the picture of a Baltimore oriole's nest. Can you tell why the birds do not fall out when the nest swings in the wind?

Have you ever seen hummingbirds at work? They move ever so quickly. Their wings make a humming sound as they fly among the flowers in the garden.

A hummingbird's nest is one of the prettiest homes you can find. It is one of the tiniest that you can see.

Hummingbirds use the finest, softest things that grow for their nest. They put them to the in a wonderful way.

The nest is just big enough to hold two tiny eggs. When it is finished, it looks like a part of the branch. How is this a help to the baby hummingbirds?

33.2.374 Untitled

Selected Words

easy to

TOEZ

in the

TPH-T

they said

THEBS

to the

TOT

Walter

WAUL TER

went to

TWOEPBT

when she

SWHE

when the

WHEPBT

who the

WHOT

Text

One day, last winter, when the snow was deep, Ray and Walter made a snowman in the backyard.

A warm south wind had been blowing all morning, and made the snow soft and easy to pack.

When they went to the house, they said, "Come, mother, come and see the poor man in the yard, he is so cold he cannot move!"

"O, the poor fellow, bring him in!" said their mother, as she ran to the window.

Then Ray and Walter laugh until their sides were sore, when she saw who the "poor man" was.

33.2.375 Clouds in the Atmosphere

Selected Words

above the

PWOFT

and are

SKP-R

and the

SKP-T

are not

R-PBLT

are the

R-T

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

hard to

THAORD

if you

TPU

if you have

TPUF

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

likely to

THRAOEULG

listen to

THROEUFPB

made of

PHAEFD

may be

PHA*EUB

more than

PH-RPB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

that you

THAU

there are

THR-R

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

when the

WHEPBT

which are

KH-R

you are

R*U

you will

HR*U

Text

The clouds you see in the sky are in the earth's atmosphere. They often seem to be far away. But the clouds you see are really very near the surface of the earth. They are not more than six or seven miles above the surface of the earth and are often within a mile or two above us. Sometimes clouds form right at the surface of the earth. We call these clouds fog.

Clouds are made of tiny droplets of water. These droplets of water were once just water vapor in the air. Water vapor is a gas. It cannot be seen. As the air cools, some of the water vapor turns to droplets of water. These droplets form clouds. Sometimes the water vapor freezes and clouds form from the tiny ice crystals.

The air is always getting either cooler or warmer. It does not keep the same temperature long. Clouds are always being made or changed. On some days there are many clouds to be seen. On other days there are few.

Clouds are not all alike. When the air is cool and the sun shines brightly, you see one kind of cloud. On dark, rainy days you see another kind. And on hot, bright days there are still other clouds in the sky.

You must have seen these different kinds. On a dark, rainy day there are low, heavy, dark clouds. They just spread out over the sky and shut out some of the sunlight.

Then there are the sheet like clouds which are seen on gray, cloudy days. It is likely to rain or snow soon when the sky is full of such clouds.

On bright, sunny, summer days, about noon, the sky may be full of white clouds. They look like the white of an egg after Mother has beaten it, and often pile up in the shape of sheep's wool or round-topped castles. If these clouds turn black at the bottom, then watch out for a thunderstorm.

On clear days you will often see thin white clouds above you. They are quite high in the sky and trail off in long thin tails. These clouds often form at the end of a fair-weather time. Storms often follow such clouds.

Fliers watch the clouds. They may also listen to their radios to get weather news for flying. The gray clouds make it hard to land a plane, because they are so near to the ground. Pilots cannot land so safely when the clouds are low.

Clouds are so near the earth at times that you may be above them. If you are on top of a high building or a high hill, clouds will sometimes be between you and the ground. If you have driven through hilly country, you have often seen clouds in the valley below you.

33.2.376 A Happy Change

Selected Words

and it

SKPEUT

and so

SAOPBD

and the

SKP-T

as it

TAZ

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

as you

AUZ

at once

TWUPBS

begins to

STKPWOEUPBS

between the

TWAOEPBT

but it

TPWUT

come out

KPHOUT

could not

KOPBLT

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

go into

TKPWHAO

have been

SR-B

he wants

HEPTS

how it

THOU

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is the

S-T

it can

T-BG

it could

T-BGD

it feels

T-FLS

it should

T-RBD

it was

T-FS

might be

PHAOEUB

no one

TPHOEUPB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

so you

SOU

that is

THAS

the two

TWOT

then the

THEPBT

they can

THEBG

to be

TOB

to feel

TOFL

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

when it

TWHEPB

when the

WHEPBT

where the

W-RT

which is

WEUS

while the

WHAOEULT

you can

UBG

you will

HR*U

you would

ULD

Text

When the close of the pupa state draws near, the coming dragonfly loses its fierce appetite. It seems to feel tired and heavy. It breathes slowly, as if it could not get air enough. The body has changed inside the horny case, and the time is near when it will leave the water for air, and walking for flying.

Once the larva wanted nothing better than to chase bugs about underwater. Now, all at once, it longs for the free air and for the sun. It needs no one to tell it what to do. In some way it knows exactly how it should act.

This tired pupa now seeks the stem of some tall reed or grass that grows in the water. Slowly it crawls up the stem. The hooks on the feet take fast hold as it goes, and it keeps on until it is nearly a yard above water.

The hooks, though very small, are so sharp and hard that they can go into wood. When the pupa is as high up as he wants to be, it drives the hooks into the stem. Thus it will hold firm even when it twists and struggles hard.

The pupa likes best to find two reads or stems near, so that it can take hold of both and swing between the two. Then, like a child in a swing, it begins to sway to and fro. Now, as it sways, a strange thing happens. The hard pupa-case splits upon upon the back, and look, inside the case, we see the perfect insect, with its wings!

The pupa-case is firmly held by its hooked feet, while the new insect twists and pulls, and so gets free; and little by little its head, legs, wings, and long body come forth, and finally hang only by the last ring of the body.

Then you would think it was dead. For after it stretches out first one leg and then the other, it HAEUPBGS by its last ring, stiff and still. But it is only resting. After about fifteen minutes it awakes. Taking hold firm with its feet upon a stem or leaf, it let us go its hold upon the pupa-case. That is left hanging by its hooks in its place.

Here is now a dragonfly, with large head, with two great cluster eyes, six legs, four wings, and long bright-hued body! And now, at last, it can breathe freely, through all those tubes and air-holes you have been told about.

But still the insect does not look like the full-made dragonfly. The colors are dull, and the wings are folded up. The body is soft, damp, and too short. The big eyes are dim.

As if half asleep it still clings to the stem, not far from the case, which is the old shape of itself. Hanging to the reeds by the pond you will often find these old coffins, if you look for them.

But the new insect is in the sunshine and fresh air. It stands still and breathes hard, filling its new body with pure, dry air. Now and then its wings quiver.

As they quiver they spread out, fold after fold, as silken banners wave out upon the air. Then at last they are spread out wide in all their beauty. The dragonfly has reached its last and highest state. It can sail away where it pleases on its new wings.

As the wings grow larger, the eyes of the dragonfly grow brave and bright; its body dries. Then it gleams like a jewel. Its fresh colors come out clearly. It feels strong and active.

Then, all at once, it uses its new wing. It rises into the air and flashes here and there, just as hungry and ten times swifter than ever before.

The flight of the dragonfly is called hawking, for it is like the motion of that strong bird, the hawk. If it gets caught in a place where its wide wings cannot turn, it can fly backwards and get off safely. In a place where the wings might be injured by striking against leaves or branches, it flies out in this way.

When dragonflies are dead, the great beauty of their bodies passes away. They fade and grow dull, as when they first came from the pupa-case the scarlet, yellow, blue, or green, turns to a dull drab. So you cannot keep them as well as you can keep beetles.

33.2.377 Toys for One Night

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and the

SKP-T

back to

TPWAOBG

did you

TKU

dressing

TKREGS

every night

EFRPBT

in the

TPH-T

of a

AEUF

running

R*UPBG

she was

SHEFS

that the

THAT

think of

THEUF

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

Did you know that rabbits play with toys? Once a little girl's toys were out at night. After she was in bed, the rabbits came and played with her toys.

Can't you see a baby boy rabbit running after her red ball? Think of a baby girl rabbit dressing her pretty doll! I just know Mother Rabbit and Daddy Rabbit like to ride around in the cars and the trains!

The toys were out just once. After that the little girl took them in every night. Time after time the rabbits would come back to look, but they saw no more toys!

33.2.378 Young Song Sparrows

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

are a

RA*

are not

R-PBLT

back to

TPWAOBG

can you

KU

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

feather

TP*ERT

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

ready to

TKRAOE

she is

SHES

some of

SPHOF

sparrow

SPAEUR ROE

they can

THEBG

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

they do

TKHOE

they were

THERP

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

you do

TKO*U

you think

UPBG

Text

in about two weeks young birds come out of the eggs. They are not pretty little birds. They have no feathers. Their eyes are not open. They cannot walk or fly. They can just stay in the nest and cry for something to eat.

then the mother bird is more busy than ever. She flies away from her nest to get food for her hungry little ones. Then she flies back again. Away for more food and back to the nest! All day long, the mother is busy.

Mother song sparrow finds caterpillars for the baby birds. She finds many other insects that eat plants and trees. She eats some of these insects herself. At nesting time song sparrows are a great help to farmers. Can you tell why?

In about a week, the eyes of the little birds are open. They have some feathers but they cannot fly. For another week the mother brings food to the young birds.

By and by the young birds can fly a little. They takes many shorts trips from the nest and back again. At last they can fly about without any help. They go far away from the nest and do not come back. They do not need a mother to watch over them now.

What do you think the mother bird does then? Do you think she takes a long rest after her hard work?

No, she does not take a rest. She lays some more eggs. Soon more baby birds are crying for something to eat.

For another two weeks mother song sparrows hurries again. She hurries from the nest for food. She hurries back to her hungry babies.

At last these young birds are ready to leave the nest. Does the mother bird take a rest now? No, she soon lays more eggs. In a short time she is flying about to find food for more baby birds.

By the end of summer, song sparrows are ready for a rest. For a time you do not seasoning sparrows hopping around. You do not hear their bright, happy song. They are hiding away in the bushes.

When autumn days come, song sparrows are flying about again. They are fine-looking birds now. When they were hiding away, they lost their old feathers. They came back with fine new coats.

33.2.379 No Homes

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

as soon as

S-PBS

as you

AUZ

back to

TPWAOBG

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

for the

TP-RT

grown up

TKPWRUP

have a

SRA

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

more than

PH-RPB

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

so many

SOEPL

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

they do

TKHOE

to the

TOT

until the

TPH-LT

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

May flies do not give even this much care to their young. May flies fly out over a pool or a river and drop their eggs into the water. Then they fly back to the land.

The water makes a good enough home for young May flies. Many of them come out of the eggs. Many live to grow up.

Many fish give their young no more care than May flies do. Salmon lay their eggs in the water. They lay ever so many eggs -- more than you can count. Then they swim away.

Many of the salmon eggs are eaten by other fish. But hundreds and hundreds of salmon live to grow up.

Some fish do a little to make a nest for eggs. As you know, the father sunfish watches the eggs until the fish come out.

Many kinds of fish and other animals make no homes for their young. But many, many of these kinds of animals live on in the world.

Now, think again about this question. Is one kind of home better than another?

Some homes are made with great care. Some are made with little care. Some animals make no homes for their young.

Some animals need much care. Baby orioles must have a well built home. They cannot care for themselves. The mother oriole cares for them until they are grown up.

May flies, salmon, and many other insects and fish do not need homes. They do not need a mother's care. They take care of themselves as soon as they are out of the eggs.

Each kind of home is a good home for the animal that makes it.

33.2.380 Sea-stars

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all of

A*UFL

all of the

AUFLT

all the

AULT

and he

SKPE

and so

SAOPBD

and so on

KPAOPB

around it

STROUPBD

as bad as

SPWADZ

as it

TAZ

as soon as

S-PBS

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

center of the

STR-FT

did you

TKU

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

down the

TKOUPBT

from the

TPR-T

hard to

THAORD

has been

HAB

he has

HEZ

I will

KWREUL

if the

TP-T

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is no

STPHO

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

it feels

T-FLS

it has

T-Z

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

or the

ORT

out of

OUFT

part of the

PAFRT

ready to

TKRAOE

that a

THA*

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

they get into

THE TKPWHAOET

those of

THOEFS

to feel

TOFL

to the

TOT

turn the

TURPBT

very many

SR-RPL

very, very

SRE SRE

when you

WHU

where he

WRE

which has

KH-Z

while the

WHAOEULT

with the

W-T

would be

WOB

would not

WOPBLT

you can

UBG

you could

UBGD

you do

TKO*U

Text

Now we come to another member of the Radiate Family. Here you see pictures of him in the water, where he has his home. Is he not a pretty thing?

The jellyfish has one of his names from his shape, and another name from his power to sting. This fish gets one name from his shape,-- star-fish. And he has a long, hard name from his coat. His coat is a thick, tough skin. It has upon it prickles much like those of a hedgehog.

The star-fish is made on the pattern of the Rays, as I showed you in another lesson. Most of them have five rays, or ten, because each single ray has been made into two, and so on.

But all of the star-fish do not keep to the plan of five. The sun-star has twelve rays. He is of a splendid, bright red color.

I will tell you of some kinds of star-fish, and then will tell you how they grow.

In the picture you see a star-fish with the thin, crooked rays, or arms. He is called a sand-star, because he likes to lie close to the sand on the sea bottom. He is of a sand color.

The one with the curled arms, like plumes, is called the brittle-star. That is because he breaks so easily. He is a very queer fellow. When things do not please him, he drops all to pieces. It would be a queer thing, if, when you feel cross or afraid, you could throw yourself down and fly to pieces, jerking off your heads, your arms, and your legs!

You have heard how crabs can drop off a claw, and then another grows out. You also know that a spider does not mind much about losing a leg or two. These facts cause us to feel sure that these creatures do not suffer pain at the loss of a part of their bodies. If the loss of legs, claws, or rays caused pain, these animals would not be so ready to drop them.

There is no other creature that breaks itself so readily and so entirely as the brittle-star. It will throw off all its rays, and they will float away in many directions, while the little disk is left alone to sink or to float.

When the star-fish loses one or more, or even four rays, others will soon grow. All the Radiate Family renew lost parts even more easily than crabs do.

It is very hard to get a brittle-star out of the water. As soon as it feels a net or scoop or the upper air about it, or a pail of fresh water rising gently around it, it breaks into many pieces.

On the end of every ray is a little sharp eye. When you frighten Mr. Brittle-Star, off swim his legs, every one by itself, and each has its one eye to look out for it. I never saw anything else so queer; did you?

The strong, prim-looking star-fish, with five points, is called the color-star. It is the common, or partner star-fish. There are many other kinds. I will tell you in the next lesson of one very pretty kind. You must go to the larger books to learn all that is known about these strange and pretty creatures.

We will look at the model, or cross-star. Turn the animal over. The mouth is in the center of the underside. Do you not find that there is a seam, or groove of the hard skin, all the way down the center of each ray? From the mouth a nerve runs down to the point of each of the rays.

Along the centers of the under openings in the rays are set very, very many little blunt points. These points are like tiny tubes close together. It is on these that the star-fish can walk or creep on the bottom of the sea, or over rocks. The star-fish seek their feed as they crawl slowly about.

Star-fish are very greedy. They are always hungry. They make the fishermen much trouble by eating this fish-bait off their hooks. They also devour oysters. When they get into an oyster-bed they are as bad as the drill. When an army of star-fish go to a part of the coast where/s oysters grow, the oysters are soon killed. The star-fish are of many bright and pretty colors. They are green, brown, gray, red, pink, or with several colors on the same*.

When they are dead, the flesh, which has much water in it, dries away. The tough shell-like skin is left. You can dry them by pinning them on a board. Leave them for a few days in the sun and wind. If you do not pin out the rays, they may curl up.

They look better kept in alcohol, but that is not a good way for children. I fear the bottles would soon be broken.

33.2.381 Library – No Noise, Please!

Selected Words

aisle

AO*EUL

at the

TE

down the

TKOUPBT

from the

TPR-T

front of

TPROFPBT

I said

EUBS

in a

TPHA*EU

in front

STPROPBT

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

morning and

SKPHORPBG

mountains

PH*PB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

that morning

there was

THR-FS

to the

TOT

truck that

THRAUBG

went into

TPWHAOEPBT

what a

WHA*

when I

WHEU

Text

One morning I went into the town library. Every thing was still as I walked down the middle aisle to pick out a new book. When I found one, the woman at the desk wrote my name on the card and handed me the book.

"Not much goes on in this place, does it?" I said and laughed.

But just then there was a big noise outside. A man threw open the door and raced inside the library crying, "My truck! My bananas! Help!"

We ran to the door. Right in front of the library was a big red truck that had turned over on its side. Bananas lay all over the grass in yellow mountains. I saw my dad come over from the bank, and nearly everyone else was there in a short time. What a noise they made! Maybe the library woke up from its sleep that morning and enjoyed a bit of the fun.

33.2.382 Whirligig Beetles

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

above the

PWOFT

and you

SKPU

as you

AUZ

could not

KOPBLT

easy to

TOEZ

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

goes to

TKPWOS

harm to

THAORPL

have a

SRA

have had

SR-D

have not

SR-PBLT

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

rather than

RAERPB

so much

SOFP

so you

SOU

some of

SPHOF

that a

THA*

that are

THAR

there is

THR-LGS

these are

THAOERS

they could

THEBGD

they felt

THEFLT

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

very many

SR-RPL

very much

SR-FP

what a

WHA*

who has

WHO*Z

will find

HR-FPBD

will not

HR-PBLT

would be

WOB

you ever

UFR

you will

HR*U

Text

There is a Mrs. Water-Beetle who has on the underside of her body two little knobs for spinning silk. These are much like the silk-spinners of Mrs. Spider.

As soon as this Mrs. Beetle has laid some eggs, she goes to work, like a good mother, to keep her babies safe and warm. She spins a little silk wall, or bag for the eggs. This ball is watertight. It is woven so close that it does not leak. It is so light that it will float.

There are other beetles and fish, and frogs in the water, that are seeking food, and they might eat these eggs, but will not touch them when in this tough silk ball. The balls are of a fine bright color, like gold thread.

Another of the water-beetles makes a little silk bag, packs it full of eggs, and glues it to the underside of a leaf of some water-plant.

You know that a fly has a little pair of wings, called alulets, below its true wings. One of the beetles has such clubs or alulets. So you see, in one part they are somewhat like a spider, in another part somewhat like a fly. And some things about them are like what a crab has.

Among all animals you will find points of likeness between one creature and another.

Did you ever see a whirligig beetle? He takes his name from the top, or whirligig, because he spins round, and round, and round. Go to the pond, and you will see some of these merry fellows. They act as if they felt so happy that they could not keep still.

These whirligigs are of a fine bronze color. They use their hind legs for oars, and their forelegs for rudders. They have their eyes divided, so that each one seems to have a pair of eyes on each side of its head; one half the eye looks up, and one looks down.

These are small beetles, and they whirl, whirl, whirl. Then they standstill for a second. If you make a dart at them, and try to catch them, you will find that it is not easy to do so.

These whirlers lay their eggs on leaves above water. The larvae spin silk pupa-cases which hang on leaves, or on stems, above the top of the water.

These and other water-beetles live in ponds or very quiet streams, not in swift water.

Now I hope the peep you have had at beetle-life will make you wish to study it more. Study not so much books, as out-of-doors for yourselves.

Of what use are beetles? Wise people have not yet found out very much about the use of beetles. Some of them, as you have read, devour or bury spoiled things, that it would be bad to have lying about on the ground. They help to keep the world clean.

Some of them eat insects that harm plants. Some of them make good food for fish, birds, and other creatures. But very many of the beetles do much harm to plants? Clothes, and other valuable things. On the whole, I fear that beetles are pretty rather than useful!

33.2.383 Water in the Air

Selected Words

all the

AULT

give up

TKPWUP

into the

TPHAOT

is not

S-PBLT

on the

OPBT

some of

SPHOF

there is

THR-LGS

to the

TOT

when it

TWHEPB

Text

As Bill said, there is water in air. We see water when it rains.

We know that there is much water in air even when it is not raining. Water evaporates into the air all the time.

The wet washing on the line soon gets dry. After the rain stops, the grass soon dries. All wet places give up some of their water to the air.

33.2.384 What a Fisherman Told

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

all the

AULT

and I

SKPEU

because it

TPWAUS

believe that

TPWHRAEF

but it

TPWUT

did not

TKEUPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

from the

TPR-T

has been

HAB

have been

SR-B

he could

HEBGD

he has

HEZ

I have

SREU

I know

KWR-PB

I think

KWREUBG

I was

EUFS

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is an

SA*PB

is not

S-PBLT

is that

STHA

is the

S-T

it was

T-FS

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

some people

SPAOEPL

that has

THAZ

that he

THAE

that is

THAS

that you

THAU

that you will

THAUL

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

these are

THAOERS

they do

TKHOE

they were

THERP

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

were not

WR-PBLT

what he

WHAE

what I

WHAEU

what I was

WHAEUFS

when I

WHEU

which were

WEURP

while the

WHAOEULT

would have

WOUF

would have been

WOUFB

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

you will

HR*U

Text

One day, on the sea beach, I saw a man. He is busy mending a net. He took from the net two small things like shells. They clung to the meshes of the net. They were white and hard. They looked like two or three shells put one inside the other.

The fisherman said, "There are in the world more of these things than there are leaves on the trees, I think."

"Where do they grow, Mr. Fisherman?"

"It is easier," said the fisherman, "to say where they do not grow, unless I just say, they grow wherever there is seawater. The pier yonder, below high-water mark, is covered with hundreds of them. All the rocks that we see bare at low tide are white with them. Every log or stick that drifts on the sea has them on it. All the old shells on the beach, and many new shells, have dozens fastened on them."

"I have seen an old King Crab crawl up the beach," the fisherman said. "He had his shell so coated with these things, that it seemed as if he had two shells, one on top of the other. It was so heavy that he could hardly walk.

"I have also seen them growing in the skins of whales, and sharks, and other fish. I have sailed all around the world, and I have found these things everywhere."

"What do you call them, Mr. Fisherman?"

"Some call them Sea-Acorns, some Sea- Rose-Buds. These are pretty names; but Barnacle is the right name."

"Do you know, Mr. Fisherman, that they are cousins of the crabs?"

"I'll never believe that," said the fisherman. "They do not look like crabs. When I was a boy, folks told me that out of these shells came a little bird that grew into a goose. I saw a picture once, of a tree all covered with business barnacles, and out of each one hung a little bird's head. Is that tale true? They were not quite like these barnacles."

"No, Mr. Fisherman, it is not at all true. No birds grow from barnacles. That is an old-time fable."

"Well," said the fisherman, "Once in the water I saw something hanging out of the shell of a fellow like this. It opened and shut, and looked a little like a bird's foot."

"It was a foot, Mr. Fisherman, but not a bird's foot. It was Mr. Barnacle's own foot, and as he has no hands, he uses his feet to catch his dinner."

"I know," said the fisherman, "that horse-hairs in ponds will turn into long worms. But I never did think these shells would turn into birds."

"And horse-hairs will never turn into worms. Long, thin, black worms in ponds look much like the hairs of a horse's tail, so some people think they must once have been horse-tail hairs. But it is not so. Horse-hairs are always only horse-hairs, and worms all come from eggs which were laid to bring out a worm."

"It is a pity," said the fisherman, "that when I was a boy in school my books did not tell me of these things. Would have been nice to know what I was looking at as I went about the world."

Now let us study these barnacles of which our fisherman spoke. He told us truly with their number and where they grow. He told us what he knew because it was what he had seen.

There are two kind of barnacles, -- those that have stems, and those that have no stems.

The kind that has no stems is the kind that you will see oftener, though they are plenty of the other kind.

The stemless, or acorn barnacles, are placed flat upon whatever they grow on. True to pull one off a stone. You cannot do it while the animal is alive.

When the animal is dead or dying, you can move the shell from what it grows upon. After the animal has been dead some time, the shells drop from their places, and leave room for others to grow.

33.2.385 Night

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and the

SKP-T

as the

SAZ

bright light

PWR-LT

can be

K-B

do not

TKPHOT

down the

TKOUPBT

in the

TPH-T

is the

S-T

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

mothers and fathers

PHAFR -S

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

so much

SOFP

some people

SPAOEPL

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

things to

THOEUPBGS

to find

TOFPBD

up and

SKPUP

Text

Night has come to your town.

It is dark and quiet now. Noisy, busy trucks and wagons have gone away.

Children are asleep. Most mothers and fathers are asleep. Chickens, rabbits, most of your pets are asleep.

But some animals are awake. A cat walks across the yard. A mouse runs about getting food. Some earthworms come up out of the ground. Down by the brook an old raccoon catches a fish for his supper.

Some people are awake, too. Policemen walk up and down the street. Engineers and conductors are busy on the trains. Some people work in factories at night.

Night is the time for most living things to rest. For others, it is the time to work.

Night is dark. People cannot see the sun. But they can see to find their way about.

The night sky has some light. Many, many, many stars shine down on the earth.

One*alone gives us very little light. Many stars together give enough light for us to see to walk about.

The moon gives us bright light. It gives us more light than all the stars in the sky.

The moon and the stars make the earth light at night. But they do not give us so much light as the sun does. Day always has more light than night has.

Night and day are as different as can be.

33.2.386 How to Learn About Beetles

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and it

SKPEUT

and the

SKP-T

are a

RA*

are not

R-PBLT

as soon as

S-PBS

as the

SAZ

as you

AUZ

at once

TWUPBS

can be

K-B

do not

TKPHOT

fact that you

TPAGT TPHAU

for the

TP-RT

has been

HAB

have had

SR-D

have not

SR-PBLT

he has

HEZ

I can

AOEUBG

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is this

STH

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

notice is

STPH-TS

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

seen with

SWAOEPB

so much

SOFP

than the

THAPBT

that the

THAT

that would

THALD

that you

THAU

them to

THOEUPL

there are

THR-R

they do

TKHOE

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

to feel

TOFL

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

very many

SR-RPL

when you

WHU

will be

HR-B

will not

HR-PBLT

with the

W-T

with you

WU

would be

WOB

you can

UBG

you do

TKO*U

you say

UBZ

you will

HR*U

Text

No class of insects has been more studied and written about than beetles. Why is this? They are not as wise as the ants. They do not build homes and cities, as bees and wasps do. They make no honey and no wax. They have not the many trades of that busy Mrs. Wasp.

There are a few beetles which make little mud cells, or balls of dirt for their eggs, or weave little nests for the pupa. But their work is poor and rude, and not as fine as Mrs. Wasp can do.

No doubt the reason why beetles have had so much notice is, that there are very many of them, of very many kinds. They live where we can often see them. We can easily take them to pieces, to study their parts, for their bodies are firm and strong.

The parts of their bodies are very curious. Beetles can be kept a long time after they are dead. They will not spoil as soon as soft-bodied insects.

After all, the chief reason of the notice taken of beetles is their great beauty. It is a beauty of color and shape. Often the cases are lined and dotted as if carved with great care.

Would you like to have some beetles to keep, to look at, and show to your friends? Let me tell you how to get them.

Have a sheet of thick pastewood, to fasten them on. When you walk out, carry with you a bottle with a wide mouth and a good cork. If this bottle has broken laurel leaves in it, the beetles will die as soon as you put them in.

Or, you can kill the beetles with a little ether. Or, you can take up the beetle with a little forked stick, and plunge it into very hot or boiling water.

"O," you say, "that would be so cruel!" But the truth is, the beetle dice the instant he is plunged into hot water. He has no time to feel pain.

Why do these things kill beetles so quickly? Here, now, is a great fact that you must know. The insects do not breathe through the mouth or nose, as you do. They have no lungs. They breathe through pipes and tubes, wound over all the body. These tubes are very fine, and too small to be seen with the naked eye. They are held open by a little stiff, spiral spread, like this:

These tubes spread even to the legs and feet of the insect. They reach the open air by many openings, or breath holes. Now, when you plunge the beetle into hot water, ether, or laurel odor, all its tubes are filled and it dies at once. When your beetle is dead, set it on the sheet of stiff paper.

Draw the legs, feelers, and jaws into place with a pin or toothpick. Then fasten the beetle to the paper with a tiny drop of thick glue put under the body. Or, you can put a fine needle or pin through the body. Be very sure that your beetle is quite dead before you put the pin into him.

If you take this way of saving beetles, you will soon have very many, of all colors, sizes, and shapes. They will be brown, black, red, green, golden. I can hardly tell you how pretty the beetles are!

Put some on the paper, with the wing-cases raised and the flying-wings drawn out from beneath. The under wings are larger than the upper. You will wonder that the beetle can pack then in the cases.

The feelers of beetles take many forms. Some are like plumes, some are like scales or leaves, some like clubs. Some are nearly round like balls, some are cone HP shaped, some plain and straight, some bent like a new moon.

A farmer or gardener will like your beetles better dead than alive. As he will tell you, the beetles and their larvae are very greedy things. They often eat leaves and spoil crops and trees.

33.2.387 Kinds of Ants

Selected Words

are the

R-T

because it

TPWAUS

destroy the

STKROEUT

go into

TKPWHAO

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is the

S-T

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

know about

TPHOEBT

likely to

THRAOEULG

may be

PHA*EUB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

she is

SHES

there are

THR-R

to find

TOFPBD

top of

TOFP

use it

TAOUS

where she

SWRE

will be

HR-B

you will

HR*U

Text

There are many kinds of ant families. The black ants are the ones you will be likely to find in your yard. Their home may be called an apartment house, because it is built with one story on top of another. The queen lives on the bottom floor, where she is safe.

Some of you may know about red ants. They are large and lazy. They capture the eggs and young of the small black ants. They go into the black ants' homes and live there themselves. Young black ants may become slaves to these red ants. Often the red ants become so lazy that they are helpless without their slaves.

The farmer ants grow gardens down inside their anthills. They grow a kind of rice and use it for food. This rice spouts in the dark. The ants use the sprouts of the rice as food. Some farmer ants sprout seeds inside their anthills. Others grow a kind of mushroom down inside their dark homes.

The tailor ant lives in India. It does not live in anthills. Its home is made by fastening leaves together. Inside the leaf home the tailor ant lays her eggs and raises the young larvae.

Another kind of ant builds its home in posts and trees. It is the carpenter ant. These ants destroy the wood, because they dig their tunnels inside it. Man does not like carpenter ants.

33.2.388 Mrs. Turkey’s Vacation – Part 2

Selected Words

and all

SKPAUL

and she

SKPHE

and the

SKP-T

are you

RU

did not

TKEUPBLT

even in

TPHAOEPB

full of

TPUFL

he said

HEBS

in front

STPROPBT

in the

TPH-T

just in

STKPWHRUFT

out to

TPOUT

she was

SHEFS

so you

SOU

that he

THAE

to the

TOT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

went to

TWOEPBT

which was

WEUFS

Text

Early the next morning Farmer Brown came out to the barn. "It's time that turkey was killed for our Thanksgiving dinner," he said.

No turkey behind the barn. No turkey in front. "Turkey! Turkey!" he called. "Common. Don't be afraid! I won't hurt you!"

But Mrs. Turkey had learned all about Thanksgiving, and she was gone.

Farmer Brown looked inside the barn and all around the yard and the fields and even in the woods nearby, but the turkey had gone. He looked the next day and the next. The day after that he jumped into his car, which was full of gas, and went to town to by a turkey.

The morning after Thanksgiving, bright and early, Mrs. Turkey came back. Farmer Brown saw her. "Playing tricks on us, are you?" he said. "I guess you knew we wanted to eat you, so you went off just in time!"

Mrs. Turkey did not say a word.

33.2.389 The Wing of the Dragonfly

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and I

SKPEU

and is

SKP-S

and the

SKP-T

and this

STHAPBD

and will

SKP-L

are not

R-PBLT

as it

TAZ

as long

SHRO*PBG

as long as

SHROPBGS

as soon as

S-PBS

as the

SAZ

can find

K-FPBD

come in

TKPHOPL

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

do the

TKO*T

easy to

TOEZ

from the

TPR-T

getting into

TKPWHAOEGT

half an hour

HAF TPHO*UR

have another

SRA*EU TPHOER

how do

TKHOU

how the

HOUT

I think

KWREUBG

I will

KWREUL

if you

TPU

if you have

TPUF

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is the

S-T

is too

STAO

it has

T-Z

learn about

PWHRERPB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

out of

OUFT

put it

TPUT

see it

STAOE

so the

SOT

sort of

SOFRT

than the

THAPBT

that are

THAR

that is

THAS

that you

THAU

there is

THR-LGS

they do

TKHOE

through the

THRUT

to its

TOEUTS

to understand

TOPBDZ

very many

SR-RPL

what you

WHAU

when it

TWHEPB

when the

WHEPBT

which is

WEUS

will find

HR-FPBD

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

you will

HR*U

you would

ULD

Text

We can find no better example than the dragonfly, of the way in which insects behave when they leave the pupa-case.

You know that this case is horny or tough, and always seems smaller than the grown-up insect; so the insect must be very closely packed in.

No person could pack a new insect back into the case it has just left.

While the dragonfly pupa is underwater, the case is kept tough, and yet soft enough to bend. But when the pupa crawls up the stem of the plant into the air, the case soon dries and becomes brittle.

As the fly struggles within, the dry case will easily split. The little wet coat, which covers the body while it is in the case, makes it more easy to slip out of the shell when it cracks open. You know if you have on your finger a ring which is too tight, you can put it off if you wet your finger.

The wet coat of the fly in the case keeps the wings from being hurt by their close folding. After they are dry and spread out, they are easy to break. Then it is very easy to hurt or spoil them.

The fly seems to know this, and is careful of its wings. In the act of unfolding, the fly holds its wings from touching any object, even its own body.

When the dragonfly gets from from the case, it seems to know just how to spread its lovely wings into perfect shape. It stands quite still, and far enough from stems or leaves to keep its wide wings safe.

It does not move its wings, but let us the air do the work, while it holds its bent body away from the wings. The quiver you see through it, now and then, is a motion of the body; and I will soon tell you what it means.

When the fly first comes from the case, its wings are soft, and will bend as easily as wet paper. After they are dry, they are like very thin plates of glass.

These wings have very many nervous through them. Their frame is like a fine network; and, as it is touched by the air, it spreads slowly to its full size. If, at this drying-time, the wings are hurt, they will never come to their right shape.

When first the pup aw comes from the case, the wings and body are of a dull, faded color. But as it stands in the sun and air, you can see it change from minute to minute.

Fold, after fold of the wings shakes out; ring after ring of the body stretches to its proper length; the joints of the legs come to their right shape and firmness. From all the body of the insect a mist seems to pass away; and the colors of the fly come out, and the red, blue, green, gold, shine in all their beauty.

Now let us look closely at these fine wide wings. Although they are so thin, like gauze, yes they are double. There is a surface on each side, spread over a very fine frame. The parts of this frame are small as the finest hairs.

And yet, though so tiny, they are all hollow. They are tubes or pipes. They carry through the wing, air, and a very thin white fluid, which is the blood of the insect.

Now that you know this, you clearly see how the wings expand? As soon as the dragonfly is born from its pupa case, air and this thin fluid are driven through these fine tubes. As they fill, they stretch out, and the thin surface which covers them spreads with them.

If you notice the fly as it is thus getting its shape, you will see that quiver which I spoke of. That motion is the pumping of air and fluid through its tubes; and, no doubt, by this action the fly spreads out its wings and its body.

By such a motion the blow-fly spreads out its big head.

The dragonfly spends about fifteen minutes in getting into shape. sometimes half an hour is needed. After that, the fly rests for an hour or two, before it tries its wings in the air. Very likely it wishes to give its wings time to get quite firm and hard.

Butterflies, lace-wings, may-flies, and other insects of the kind have their wings made in this way; so what you learn about one will help you to understand the others. I think you would like to know a little about the may fly. You read of the Lace-wing, in the last lesson, and in the next book you will hear about Butterflies.

The May-flies are very pretty insects. They are something like dragonflies, but smaller, and not fond of tearing up other insects. You will find them in moist places. The body of the May-fly is much slimmer even than that of the dragonfly. The wings are unequal. Their heads are smaller. May-flies have two forelegs, almost as long as the body, held almost straight out as they fly. On their tails they have three long stiff hairs, like spun glass, twice as long as the body. These hairs spread out, fan-shape.

These insects are often called May-flies, because they usually come in May. But they have another name, which means the "child of an hour." This name is given them because they very seldom live longer than one day, and often only for an hour or two.

In the egg, larva, and pupa they live about two years; but, once born with wings, they seldom live over a half day.

And how do they spend that short life? They do not eat, for they have no mouths. As they are not hungry, they do not hunt. They spend their whole time in flying. Their flight is a sort of dance in the air; they rise and fall, and spin about.

Great numbers of them come out together, spin about, and drop their eggs in the water. But soon they flutter down, dead, among the grasses. That is the story of the pretty May-fly.

Would you not like to seek out in their homes, and then read and study about, the very many strange and wonderful insects that are in the world?

33.2.390 The Life of a Jellyfish

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and so

SAOPBD

and so on

KPAOPB

and were

SKP-RP

are the

R-T

as a

SA*Z

as large as

SHRARPBLGS

as the

SAZ

as you

AUZ

at once

TWUPBS

between the

TWAOEPBT

bright light

PWR-LT

center of the

STR-FT

do not

TKPHOT

do the

TKO*T

down in

TKPHOUPB

from the

TPR-T

from your

TPRUR

grown up

TKPWRUP

have a

SRA

have been

SR-B

he has

HEZ

I have

SREU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

it a

TA*EU

it has

T-Z

it up

TUP

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

made of

PHAEFD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

over it

TOEFR

so many

SOEPL

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

take the

TAEUBGT

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

that you

THAU

these are

THAOERS

they can

THEBG

thing to

THOEUPBG

things to

THOEUPBGS

this is

TH-S

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

up to

TOUP

what is

SWHA*

when you

WHU

which are

KH-R

which can

KH-BG

which is

WEUS

would you

WOU

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

you would

ULD

Text

It is from the clear stuff between the rays, the stuff which forms the bell or disk part, that the jellyfish has its common name.

It has also another name, which means nettle, from the plant called a nettle. The leaves of this plant can prick and sting your skin, and make it burn. The fine long arms of the jellyfish can sting in the same way.

The jellyfish is nearly all water. It is made of flesh as fluid as the white of an egg. If taken from the water, jellyfish die in a very short time. They die by drying up. A very large jellyfish will dry to a thin, small skin.

I do not know of any other living creature so soft, or so nearly all water, as a jellyfish. And yet these are truly animals. They can hear, see, feel, and no doubt, can also taste as other animals do.

All along the edge of the bell part you can see some dark dots, which are the eyes. Some of the jellyfish have these little eyes bare; that is, they have no lid or cover offer them. These are called bare-eyed jellyfish. Others have a little hood like a lid over each eye. Also along the bell part are little sacs which take the place of ears. The lock arms which droop from the edge of the bell are the feelers. These are used to touch things with. They wave gently to and fro and help the fish to move through the water.

Up in the center of the underside of the bell is the mouth. It has over it a little fine frill. Even a jellyfish, you see, does not wish to keep its mouth wide open all the time!

Below the mouth, the jellyfish has fishing lines or nets, as the barnacle has. The soft, pretty ruffles move up and down in the water, and catch things to put into the mouth of the jellyfish.

It would surprise you to know what large and hard things these soft jellyfish can soften and use as food. Fish, crabs, shellfish, are caught and eaten by jellyfish.

There is something in the jellyfish which can dissolve these hard things. But he often casts out from his mouth-sac the harder and larger shells and bones. He does this as you would put from your mouth nutshells or plum stones.

How do the jellyfish move in the water? They have no swimming-feet as Mr. Crab has. They have no fins, as the fish has. Some of them move by spreading out the bell, or round part, of their bodies, and then drawing it up again. This motion, which is the rise and fall of your chest when you breathe, drives them through the water.

Other jellyfish have a motion more like the opening and closing of the hand. Some have little oars, paddles, or hairs on the edge of the disk. Some seem to open and close as you would slowly open and shut an umbrella.

I told you that jellyfish could sting. They can also shine. They can make a fine bright light, something as glow worms or fireflies do, but more steady. From the power, they have been called Lamps of the Sea. I have seen the ocean bright with them for miles. It looked as if all the stars have fallen from the sky, and were glowing in the water.

When the jellyfish shine so, the light is like a ball. It is not in straight lines, long, or square. it is round, like fireballs, or balls of melted iron, or of glass. These balls are sometimes red, or blue, or white, or green, or yellow.

Jellyfish differ much in size. Some are so small that you can hardly see them; some are as large as a split pea. Then some are the size of a dime, of a dollar, of a plate, and so on, up to the size of a huge wheel. And as they are of many sizes, so they are of many shapes, as I told you at first. They are like balls, fans, bells, bolts, plumes, baskets, cups, flowers.

And now, here is another odd thing to tell you. You know that when Mr. Barnacle is young he swims about. When he is grown up, he settles down to stay in one place. The jellyfish stays in one place, and grows fast, when he is young, but when he has grown up he swims about wherever he chooses. He wonder which is the better way! Which way would you children like best?

Some of the young jellyfish come from an egg. Some of them come from what is called a bud. Let us look at them from the bud or from the egg. The egg at once fastens to some solid thing on the sea bottom. It grows into what looks like a plant with stems and branches.

On these branches are little cup-shaped buds. These buds are so many little jellyfish growing on one stem. This is the larva state. After a time, these buds open, and a young jellyfish breaks from the slender stem, and at once goes swimming away, as happy as a jellyfish knows how to be.

33.2.391 Halloween Fun

Selected Words

as a

SA*Z

at once

TWUPBS

full of

TPUFL

Halloween

HAL WAOEPB

on the

OPBT

there was

THR-FS

Text

Dick invited eight boys to a Halloween party. On the way to Dick's house Andy thought, "I'll hide behind this tree and scare the others." All at once someone jumped out at him. "Oh," said Andy, "I tried to scare you, but you fooled me."

All the boys wore funny old clothes. They played games and bobbed for apples. There was a dish full of nuts and candy. "Every boy has a sweet tooth, "Said Dick's mother. "My son surely has one."

33.2.392 The Saucy Blue Jay

Selected Words

and he

SKPE

at the

TE

he thinks

HEPBGS

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

no one

TPHOEUPB

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

to the

TOT

which is

WEUS

Text

The saucy blue jay in the trees at the lower end of our meadow seems to mistake me for a stranger. He is a scold and one of the worst enemies of smaller birds. He thinks he is master of the field and likes to scream, "Jay, Jay, Jay," all day long. White of breast, with a crest of blue, the male is a handsome fellow. His main interest is his family, and he allows no one to bother his mate. She hides herself in her nest, which is a loose affair of twigs, bark, and grass. See him taking an insect to her. Then he will fly to the tall cedar and scream, "Jay, Jay, Jay," again. Saucy bird, indeed!

33.2.393 The Star-Fish with an Overcoat

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

able to

TAOEUBL

all the

AULT

and he

SKPE

and he can

SKPEBG

and it

SKPEUT

and the

SKP-T

and to

TAOPBD

and you

SKPU

and you have

SKPUF

as a

SA*Z

as large as

SHRARPBLGS

as many

SPHAEPB

as soon as

S-PBS

as the

SAZ

as you

AUZ

at the

TE

between the

TWAOEPBT

call it

TKAUL

could find

KOUFPBD

could have

KOUF

do not

TKPHOT

even in

TPHAOEPB

form of

TPOFRPL

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

great many

TKPWRAEPL

has not

HAEPBLT

have the

SR-T

he can

K*E

how can

HOUBG

I think

KWREUBG

in a

TPHA*EU

in all

TPHAUL

in fact

TPH-FT

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is to

STO

is to be

STOB

it has

T-Z

know the

TPHO*ET

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

number of

TPHUFPL

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

over with

WOEFR

part of the

PAFRT

rather than

RAERPB

she could

SHEBGD

so much

SOFP

take the

TAEUBGT

that a

THA*

that you

THAU

there is

THR-LGS

these are

THAOERS

they could

THEBGD

they do

TKHOE

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

until the

TPH-LT

up and

SKPUP

very much

SR-FP

we have

SWRAOE

what is

SWHA*

when it

TWHEPB

when you

WHU

where the

W-RT

will find

HR-FPBD

with the

W-T

within the

W-PBT

would be

WOB

you can

UBG

you find

UFPBD

you know

KWRAOUPB

you say

UBZ

you will

HR*U

Text

There is a very pretty star-fish called the Sea-Egg, or Sea-Urchin. This creature has not five points or rays, it is in the shape of a ball, somewhat flattened.

Do you say, "Can this belong to the Ray Family, when it has no rays?" Well, let us see. Let Figure 1 represent our Ray pattern. Bend the rays up, and the plan looks like Figure 2. Then bend them until the tips touch, and you have the form of Figure 3. The cover of this star-fish called the sea-urchin, is not tough and skin-like; it is hard and shell-like.

If you look at it, you will see that it has up and down it lines of knobs and dots set in double rows. You will fiend five double lines of large knobs, and as many lines of small dots between the the larger ones.

But do not think that you can see these marks as soon as you find a sea-urchin. By no means! The sea-urchin wears a fine thick overcoat, which hides his shell.

I know a boy who found a number of sea-eggs lying on the beach. He cried out, "Oh! Look at all the chestnut burrs in the water!" The sea-egg when it is alive look much like a chestnut burr, ripe, but not open. It is covered all over with thorns or prickles like the burr, and the water gives it the dark brown color.

Now let us look into this matter. You have read that a cross-star-fish has along the under edges of its rays a great many little tubes full of something like water. He can move them, and upon them he walks.

The sea-urchin has hard, sharp spines, which cover all the shell, and look like a rough coat. In the picture you see the urchin with his shell bare, with his shell half bare, and with his full overcoat of quills.

When the shell is bare, you will see upon it little lines of points or knobs. These are very pretty, but they are for use, rather than for beauty.

On every tiny knob is placed a spine, and the urchin can turn and move his spines, in all directions, just as easily as you can move your arm at the shoulder joint.

When the urchin is alive, the quills stand out all about him. After he is dead, the quills drop off.

Between the rows of knobs are five double rose of holes, like pin-pricking. Out of these grow such little suckers as I told you the star-fish had.

In some countries the sea-urchins are small -- not much larger than a dime. In warmer seas the urchins grow large, even as large as a large orange. People often use these larger ones for food.

The sea-urchin walks on his spines, as the cross-star-fish does on his. But as the quills of the urchin are all around him, like a ball-cover, his walk is a roll! By the little suckers he can Klein to the rocks. And he can climb up their sides.

Turn over the bare urchin shell, and you will see that white at the top it has no opening larger than a pinprick, on the underside there is a hole where the curved rays do not come entirely together. You seat the urchin must have this open place for his fish lines, and to put food into his ever-hungry mouth.

Since the sea-urchin eats so much, he must grow! Does he?

Yes, the sea-urchin grows, and it cannot cast its shell as a crab can. It has not a soft skin as you have, yet his shell is never too tight. How can the shell expand as the urchin grows?

The shell is made up of a great many little plates, or scales. As the urchin within grows and needs more room, these little scale-plates grow larger all around.

Here is a strange thing: these wee plates are set like bricks in a dome. You know the urchin is made on the five-ray pattern bent like a flattened ball.

About the body of the urchin, within the shell, is wrapped a soft, pretty, silk-like mantle. This mantle lines the shell. It takes lime from the seawater and builds it into more shell along the five early mornings of the wee plates. It also adds new plates.

So as the urchin keeps growing all the time, its mantle is building upon the plates all the time. The house or coat, whichever you choose to call it, grows with the growth of its owner. I think your mother would be glad if she could find you a coat to grow with the growth of your body.

The shell part of the urchin is grey or greenish gray. The quills are often red, brown, pink, or purple. When a number of these urchins are fast upon a rock, they look like a bed of lovely fringed flowers.

The urchins are able to bore holes even in the hard limestone rock. They bore these holes to live in, and, as they grow, they make the holes larger, but not the openings. So, after a time, they are shut into a prison which they have dug for themselves. They do not do this on our coast.

On the coast of sprain you will find the rocks covered with these urchins, fixed in holes. No doubt they feel that stone walls are safe walls. If they had wished to get away, and go and come freely, I think they could have made their doorways as large as themselves.

There is much more to be learned about sea-urchins. You will do well to study them when you can. In fact, the longest life is not long enough in which to learn even what is to be learned of very simple and common things. There is danger that when we have learned a little we shall become proud, and that we Shah not take the trouble to learn the very much more which we do not know.

33.2.394 A Box Turtle’s Shell

Selected Words

all of

A*UFL

and it

SKPEUT

as hard as

SHA*RDZ

come out

KPHOUT

in the

TPH-T

is like

SHRAOEUBG

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

there are

THR-R

they can

THEBG

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

Text

The body of a turtle has a covering called a shell. A box turtle has a very fine shell. It is broken with yellow spots, and it is hard like bone.

The underside of the shell has two parts. The turtle can make these parts go up and down. They can drop open something like doors.

When these parts are open, the turtle's head comes out of the shell. Its legs and tail come out of the shell, too.

When the turtle is afraid, it pulse its head, legs, and tail into its shell.

It pulse up the doors to the under part. All of its body is in the shell. The shell is like a box around the turtle's body. It is as hard as bone. You cannot open it.

A turtle's head, legs, and tail would make good food for some animals. But a box turtle pulls these into its shell very quickly when danger is near.

A box turtle's shell does not make good eating. So most animals leave box turtles alone. There are safe from animal enemies.

33.2.395 Jim’s First Airplane Ride

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

a little bit

HR-BLT

above the

PWOFT

airport

AEURPT

and the

SKP-T

began to

STKPWAOPB

climb

KHRAOEUPL

I've

AOEUF

I think

KWREUBG

I was

EUFS

in an

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

little bit

PWHREULT

plane

PHRAEPB

they could

THEBGD

they were

THERP

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

Text

One day Jim and his father went to the airport.

"Should you like a ride in an airplane?" Father asked.

"Oh, yes," Jim said. "I've wanted a ride in one for a long time."

Father helped Jim to climb into the plane. They began to move across the field, and soon they were in the air high above the city. They could see the park and the river below them.

After the ride Jim said, "After first I was a little bit afraid, but now I think flying is fun."

33.2.396 The Earth Pulls Things to It

Selected Words

all of

A*UFL

any of

TPHEUF

back to

TPWAOBG

could be

KOB

down the

TKOUPBT

down to earth

earth is

S*ERT

from the

TPR-T

have you

SRU

Have you ever

SRUFR

in the

TPH-T

instead of

STPHEFD

into the

TPHAOT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

that the

THAT

there could

they do

TKHOE

they know

TH*EPB

think about

THEUBT

to the

TOT

we say

WEBZ

what would

WHALD

when you

WHU

would be

WOB

you ever

UFR

you would

ULD

Text

Have you ever wondered about any of these things?

Why does an apple fall down toward the ground instead of up toward the sky?

Why can't you jump high enough up into the air to get over your house?

Why does water run down the hill instead of up the hill?

Why does a ball come back down to the ground when you throw it into the air?

Scientists can give a reason why all these things happen just as they do. They know that the earth has great power to pull on things. It pulls on everything about it. It pulls on your body when you try to jump high up into the air. It pulls the apple down from the tree. It pulls water down, down, down. We say that it attracts other things.

When you throw your ball up into the air, the earth pulls it back to the ground. the earth pulls on boys and girls. It pulls on plants and houses. It keeps everything down on the earth.

The force, or pull, of the earth is called gravity. No scientist knows just what gravity is. All of us know what it does.

Stop to think about what would happen if gravity stopped working. Houses would go floating away into space. Waters would spill out of the oceans all over the mountains. When a pilot jumped from his airplane, his parachute might not float down to earth. You couldn't walk on the ground. You would be floating around up in the clouds somewhere.

Of course none of these things could really happen. There could be no earth without gravity.

33.2.397 Here Come the Sunfish!

Selected Words

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

Peter

PAOERT

Polly

POL HREU

they were

THERP

Text

Peter and Polly were watching quietly. They were looking into the water of a brook on their farm. They were looking for sunfish.

The water was clear and bright. Soon the fish flashed by in the sunlight.

Peter said," sunfish is a good name for these fish. They are bright like sunlight."

Sunfish are orange. They are shiny like gold. On each side of the head is a spot of black. Near the black spot is a bright stripe of red.

Polly said, "Sunfish are beautiful. I like their bright colors."

A sunfish is covered with scales. The scales make it look shiny like gold. The scales make a good covering. They keep the fish from getting scratched if something strikes it in the water.

33.2.398 What Time Is It?

Selected Words

a.m.

A*PL

able to

TAOEUBL

about the

PW-T

all of

A*UFL

and all

SKPAUL

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

Atlantic Ocean

AT HRAPB TEUBG OEGS

can be

K-B

can we

KWAOE

central

STR-L

Chicago

KH*EU

Denver

TKEPB SRER

earth is

S*ERT

Eastern

AO*ERPB

every day

*EFRD

every night

EFRPBT

for the

TP-RT

have a

SRA

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

how can

HOUBG

in fact

TPH-FT

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

it be

T-B

know the

TPHO*ET

morning and

SKPHORPBG

New York

TPHORB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

p.m.

P*PL

Pacific

PAFBG

Pacific Ocean

PAFBG OEGS

part of the

PAFRT

San Francisco

SAPB TPRAPB SEUS KOE

St. Louis

ST-FPLT HRAOUS

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

they ever

THEFR

to be

TOB

United States

*US

we have

SWRAOE

we know

W*EPB

what time

WHAPLT

when it

TWHEPB

when you

WHU

where the

W-RT

why the

KWR-T

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

Clocks tell us about the spinning of the earth. The earth is a big master clock. It never loses time. It never gains time. It they ever stops running. It always give us the correct time.

We use clocks to help us know what time it is. Our clocks are divided into twelve hours. The hour hand of the clock makes one trip around the clock every twelve hours.

You may wonder how we can be sure our clocks tell the right time. You know that sometimes our clocks do stop. We have to set them. How can we be sure we set our clocks right?

There are several master clocks that keep very accurate time. Every day scientists check these clocks to be sure that they are exactly right. These master clocks signal the time by radio. In this way radio stations, airports, ships at sea, and all of us can get the correct time.

When your clock stops, you can set it by the time announced over your radio. You may also be able to get the correct time by telephone. Many places have a telephone number which you can call when you wish to know the correct time.

Not all places on the earth are having noon when our capital city is having noon. In fact only a part of the big earth has noon at the same time. The earth is divided into time zones, just as the clock is divided into hours. In the United States there are four time zones. Boys and girls who live near the Atlantic Ocean have Eastern Time. Boys and girls who live near Chicago have Central Time. Boys and girls who live farther west, where the mountains begin, have Mountain Time. Boys and girls who live near the Pacific Ocean have Pacific Time.

When the sun is highest in the sky about Denver, it is noon there. Then it is 11 a.m. in San Francisco. It is 1 p.m. in St. Louis. It is 2 p.m. in New York.

What time will it be in Denver when it is noon in San Francisco? What time will it be in New York when it is noon in St. Louis?

As the earth turns from west to east, the sun seems to us to be moving westward. It rises each morning in the eastern sky. It sets each evening in the western sky. We know that the sun is not moving westward. We know it is the earth that is rotating. We know that the earth turns from west to east. We know that it takes went four hours for the earth to rotate once. That is why the sun rises in the east every morning and sets in the west every night.

33.2.399 Animal Homes

Selected Words

above the

PWOFT

as you

AUZ

at the

TE

can find

K-FPBD

do you

TKOU

in a

TPHA*EU

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

is it

ST

on the

OPBT

that are

THAR

where is

WR-S

you can

UBG

Text

Where is your home? Is it on a sunny street in a small town? Do you live in a farmhouse in the country? Or is your home at the seashore?

Many people live in homes that are high in the air. Some apartment houses reach up, up, up above the city streets. Do you live in a high apartment house?

People make their homes in all kinds of places on the earth. As you look about, you can find many other kinds of homes.

33.2.400 Untitled

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

and I was

SKPEUFS

are you

RU

bric-a-brac

PWREUBG PWRABG

excuse

KPAOUS

going to

TKPW*GS

I am

KWRAEUPL

I have

SREU

I was

EUFS

Ida

*EUP TK* A*

of it

T-F

on the

OPBT

should be

SHOB

to me

TPHE

what are

WHAR

with you

WU

Text

Anna, what are you doing just now?

I am doing two or three things. I am standing on a stool, and dusting the bric-a-brac on the mantel; and I was singing with you began taking to me.

When I have done dusting I am going to begin mending my dress. I was dancing and romping with Ida yesterday and caught the sleeve of it on a nail.

But I am thinking of should be off to school. Write an excuse? No, sir.

33.2.401 Cave People

Selected Words

because of

PWAUFS

because of the

PWAUFTS

case of

KAEUFS

front of

TPROFPBT

how the

HOUT

in front

STPROPBT

in the

TPH-T

long, long

HROPBG HROPBG

men and women

SKPHEB/WEUPL

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

or the

ORT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

weapon

WEP

went to

TWOEPBT

what the

WHA*T

Text

Long, long ago, men and women and boys and girls lived in case of. These case of were holes in great rocks, and they made good homes.

The cave people dressed in the skins of animals. They went to sleep on beds of dry leaves and grass. They ate what the men caught when they went hunting, or the nuts and fruits they found.

Most of their time was spent fighting the wild animals who came near their homes. At first the cave people had no fire, but when they found out about it, home was a better place than ever. A fire that burned in front of the cave day and night kept the wild animals away.

We know something about these people because of the writing they left on the walls. Picture writing, it is called -- stories told in pictures with no words. Some of the pictures are painted and look very real. We learn from this writing how the people dressed, what animals they hunted, what kinds of weapons they used.

33.2.402 On to Ontario

Selected Words

a lot

HROELT

a lot of

HROEFLT

ground in

TKPWHROUPBD

lot of

HROFT

Ontario

OPB TAEUR KWROE

prairie

PRAEUR AO*E

to the

TOT

will be

HR-B

years ago

KWRAOERGS

Text

Soon they came to the prairies. On either side lay wide fields of grain. "Later on, the wheat and oats will turn as yellow as gold," said Mrs. Brown.

After they had reached Ontario, the Browns stopped one day under a shady oak tee for a picnic dinner.

"Two hundred years ago only a few white people were living here," said Mr. Brown. "The first settlers found the rich soil good for growing grain. Now you see many fine farms. The corn will be fed to hogs, which furnish us with meat. The wheat will be taken to a mill and ground into flour."

"My!" said Betty, with a smile. "This trip will teach me a lot of history and geography."

33.2.403 When Mr. Beetle was Young

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

and is

SKP-S

as an

SA*EPB

but it

TPWUT

from the

TPR-T

front of

TPROFPBT

given to

TKPWOEUFPB

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

it has

T-Z

it was

T-FS

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

may find

PHAEUFPBD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

often in

TPHOFPB

part of the

PAFRT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

state of

STAOF

State of

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

to the

TOT

very much

SR-FP

when the

WHEPBT

where the

W-RT

will not

HR-PBLT

would you

WOU

you will

HR*U

Text

In the lessons about the Ant, Fly, Wasp, Bee, and others, you have heard that the young insect makes three changes.

First it is a small, white, or light-colored egg; then a fat, greedy larva; then a pupa.

The insects you have thus far heard of, pass through all these changes in a short time. So do some of the young beetles. But there are beetles which spend one, two, three, even more years as eggs and grubs.

The long part of the lives of these other insects come after they get their wings. The short part of a beetle's life generally comes after he is winged.

You will not care to hear about the beetle while he is only an egg. As an egg he lies quiet where the mother beetle hid him. These eggs are placed in earth or in water. Sometimes they are put into the bodies of dead animals, or into holes in trees, or into fruit. Some kinds of beetles choose one place, some another, for their eggs.

Then, after a time, the larva comes out. Some day you may find a long, soft, stupid, white worm, with its body made in rings. It has two big eyes, two jaws, no feet, or, perhaps, very small ones, never any wings. Would you guess it was Mrs. Beetle's child? Some day it will have strong wings, long, strong legs, a horny body, and very often colors like a rainbow.

But this which you call a "white worm" is the beetle larva after it is born from the egg. Sometimes it has no eyes. It is always very greedy. Beetle larvae will eat almost everything but metals. They harm wood, trees, fruit, flowers, meal, further, clothes, by gnawing and eating these things.

The larva of beetles looks like the larva of butterflies. But it has no wings. No larva ever has wings.

The change of getting wings must come when the larva has gone into the pupa cradle. Often in this state it lies as if asleep or dead.

When it is a pupa it lies in a case or cradle shaped much like a-'s egg. There the pupa lies, its legs folded over the front of its body, its wings packed by its side, its jaws and feelers laid on its breast. It looks very much like a baby laid asleep in a bed.

The larva could eat, walk, roll, or swim. The pupa in this little case can do nothing but wait. The full-grown beetle can fly, swim, eat, walk, and is often a thing of great beauty.

If you dig about the roots of plants or under stones, you will, no doubt, find larva and pupa to look at. It is well to seek out these things for yourselves.

In some books you may read of a state of the insect called the image state. This name is given to the full-grown, perfect insect. It means that it has reached the same form that its mother had, which laid the egg. Larva means mask, and pupa means baby.

33.2.404 Box Turtles in Winter

Selected Words

do not

TKPHOT

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

how can

HOUBG

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

they could

THEBGD

they do

TKHOE

they were

THERP

through the

THRUT

very, very

SRE SRE

when the

WHEPBT

Text

The fall days were growing cold when Bill and Bob found the baby turtles. The boys looked and looked for the turtles, but they never saw them again. Bill wondered how they could live through the cold winter days.

The lilt turtles ate and ate. They grew bigger and bigger.

At last when the days were very, very cold the turtles stopped looking for food. They wiggled their way into the ground. Down, down, down they wiggled. They were away from the freezing cold.

"How can they eat down there in the ground?" Bob wondered.

"They do not eat," his father told him. "They do not eat all winter long."

"Don't they get very, very hungry?" Bill asked.

"Not in the winter time," his father said. "The turtles are resting then. They do not need to eat anything when they are resting. They have food stored away in their bodies."

33.2.405 In the New Brunswick Forests

Selected Words

and would

SKP-LD

at a

T*A

back to

TPWAOBG

from the

TPR-T

had a

HA

have had

SR-D

I know

KWR-PB

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

is like

SHRAOEUBG

New Brunswick

TPHU PWRUPBS WEUBG

that a

THA*

that you

THAU

they were

THERP

wonderful

WUFL

Text

In New Brunswick the Browns slept one night at a camp in the forest. Early the next morning they saw mist rising like giant clouds of steam from the lake. "This place is like a dream," said Betty.

While they were walking under the pine trees, a big bear stopped in their path and wouldn't move an inch. Father said, "That animal seems tame. He won't harm you or try to kill you if you don't bother him."

Early in August Father said, "We must plan to leave tomorrow. I know that you have had a wonderful time and would enjoy a longer visit, but you must soon go back to school."

33.2.406 Lost in the Frozen North

Selected Words

and it

SKPEUT

and the

SKP-T

back to

TPWAOBG

began to

STKPWAOPB

captain

KAPT

down the

TKOUPBT

from the

TPR-T

frozen

TPROEFPB

he was

EFS

he would

ELD

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

it was

T-FS

other side

O*ERDZ

reindeer

RAEUPB TKAOER

see it

STAOE

take the

TAEUBGT

that a

THA*

to the

TOT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

where would

WR-LD

would find

WOUFPBD

would the

WOT

Text

A young boy ran beside his sled and called on his dog team to hurry -- hurry where, he wasn't quite sure, but hurry after the others, anyway. He had started out in the company of three men and their captain, whose ship was locked in the ice until spring. The ice was packed into one big mass, tight around the ship. Today the men had wanted to hunt seals and walrus, and the captain had wanted to look for some Eskimos.

The boy had become separated from the others, and now he was lost. But he was not afraid. He would find his way back to the ship! The north wind was blowing, and it was biting cold. The wind blew snow into the boy's eyes, making it very hard for him to see. Once he thought he was reindeer, but decided that a reindeer wouldn't be close to the shore. Where would the animal find food?

The boy let his dogs take the lead, and up they went over a hill of ice. Then they began to race down the other side. There lay the ship. How thankful he was to see it!

33.2.407 At the Toy Shop

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and I

SKPEU

for the

TP-RT

going to

TKPW*GS

great deal

TKPWRAEL

great many

TKPWRAEPL

have not

SR-PBLT

I can

AOEUBG

I don't

KWROPBT

I don't care

KWROBG

I have

SREU

I see

STPHAOE

if I

TPEU

it must

TPHUFT

just go

STKPWRUFT

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

putting it

TPUGT

she said

SHEBS

she was

SHEFS

to the

TOT

we were

WERP

Text

Peggy Jo and I love shopping -- not just going to the market with Mother and buying a pound of meat and five pounds of potatoes. We love going to the big stores that sell things which cost a great deal. I don't care if I have not a penny in my pocket -- I can just look!

So we were very excited when our rich aunt took us to the big toy shop. Never in my whole life had I seen such bicycles, such wagons, such guns, such dollhouses, such dolls! We hung over the dolls. Peggy Jo held one of the largest dolls. As she was putting it back, it slid to the floor and broke into many pieces.

Our aunt had to pay for the doll. It must have cost a great many dollars and cents, but she said nothing. Peggy Jo cried all the way home!

33.2.408 A Visit to School

Selected Words

Canada

KAPB TKA

do you

TKOU

every day

*EFRD

going to

TKPW*GS

I am

KWRAEUPL

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is about

SPW

on the

OPBT

pupil

PAOUPL

there is

THR-LGS

Text

Bob and Betty like to go to school. Betty is in the second grade. There is a large flag on the wall of her room. Every day the pupils read from pretty books. One book is about pets.

One day a boy read a story about a rabbit. Then Betty said, "I am going to write a story about a puppy."

The children at Bob's and Betty's school all like to sing "O Canada." Do you like to sing that song, too?

33.2.409 A Mouse with Wings

Selected Words

do not

TKPHOT

have you

SRU

in a

TPHA*EU

in fact

TPH-FT

is no

STPHO

it's a

TAEUS

of a

AEUF

some people

SPAOEPL

they do

TKHOE

this is

TH-S

Text

What animal has a body like that of a mouse and wings like a bird? Have you guessed? Yes, it's a bat! The common brown bat is no bigger than a mouse. By day he sleeps in a hollow tree or a cave, but at night he flies abroad. On swift wings he swishes past, catching moths and insects in his open mouth.

Timid ladies may think that bats are horrid creatures. This is partly caused by the ghostly appearance of a bat at twilight. Don't form a bad opinion of bats. They do not scratch, and they aren't dirty. In fact, a bat combs his fur with his claws, and some people say he uses his tongue to scrub himself. Never let a bat alarm you, for he is quite harmless.

33.2.410 Good News and Bad

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

an ant

APB APBT

and are

SKP-R

for the

TP-RT

from your

TPRUR

going to

TKPW*GS

I had

H*EU

I have

SREU

I was

EUFS

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

it was

T-FS

of the

-FT

picture of

TP*EUFP

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

that I

THAEU

that much

THAFP

there were

THR-RP

violin

SRO*EUPBL

West Coast

WEFT KOEFT

when I

WHEU

with the

W-T

Text

Dear Betty:

I shall tell you the good news first. The eighth grade was shown three movies at school today. The first one was about the giant Douglas fir trees of the West Coast. They are some of the biggest trees in the world and are equal to about six of our big trees put together. The scenery was beautiful, and there were some of the cutest little squirrels I have ever seen.

I enjoyed the second picture, too. In it some beavers were cutting down trees with their teeth to build a dam across the pond. It was wonderful to see them kick up their heels and slip into the water at any sound. The third picture was about ants. Whole colonies of them lived in one big ant hill. The close-up picture of an ant with a crumb in its mouth was funny because the crumb looked too big for the ant.

Now for the bad news. When I was going to my violin lesson, I lost my purse with the ten dollars in it that I had saved to go and see you. It will take time to save that much again, so don't look for me too soon!

Love from your friend,

Jane

33.2.411 Sailing Ships and Whales

Selected Words

and more

SKPHOR

at the

TE

bring it

TPWREU

china

KHAOEUPB A

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

she was

SHEFS

the Far East

-T TPAR AOEFT

this would

TH-LD

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

would be

WOB

Text

One of the most beautiful ships of the past was the great sailing ship. With every sail spread in the wind, she was like a huge white flower in full bloom as she slipped away from shore, on her long journey to the Far East. Tea and more tea was the cry of the day! Sailing ships raced across the seas to bring it home. Besides tea they brought china, great decorated chests, lace handkerchiefs, silk, and other kinds of cloth.

A wonderful sight often appeared to the men on those ships when they crossed the seas. "There she blows!" the men would cry at the sight of bubbles of water blown high into the air, like a fountain. This would be followed by a loud noise. Then, with a roll of its long gray body, a whale would tear off through the deep waters. Perhaps a whaling ship was right behind it!

33.2.412 What Makes the Bell Ring?

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

button

PW*PB

call this

TKHAUL

called in

TKPHAULD

can find

K-FPBD

circuit

SEURBGT

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

is an

SA*PB

is not

S-PBLT

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

the two

TWOT

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

when you

WHU

which are

KH-R

you do

TKO*U

you will

HR*U

Text

Let's wire a bell and see if we can find out what makes it ring. You will need a dry cell and a bell. You will need two pieces of wire which are covered with cotton cloth. We call this kind of wire insulated wire. The covering is called insulation.

Scrape the insulation off the ends of the wire. Connect one end of each wire to the posts of the dry cell. Screw the wires down tight to the posts. Connect the other end of each wire to the posts of the bell. Screw these wires tight, too.

There is an easier way to stop the ringing bell. Let's use a push button.

Cut one of the two pieces of wire in two. Scrape the insulation away from each end. Connect these two free ends to the posts of the push button. Press the button. Does the bell ring now?

When you press down upon the push button, you make a complete path, or circuit, which electricity travels along. Electricity travels from the dry cell along the wire to the bell and back through the other wire to the dry cell. When you do not press upon the push button, the path is not complete and the bell cannot ring.

33.2.413 Play the Game

Selected Words

baseball

SPWAUL

between the

TWAOEPBT

football

TPAOBL

hard to

THAORD

he would

ELD

is no

STPHO

of the

-FT

so bad

SOEBD

someone else

SWUPBLS

then the

THEPBT

there is

THR-LGS

when you

WHU

Text

The score of the baseball game between the fourth and fifth grades was close and every boy was trying hard to win. When Bob made a home run, the pitcher threw down his glove and said he would quit. For a minute nobody spoke. Then the umpire asked someone else to finish the game.

"I hate to see a person act like that," said Dick. "It's silly to lose your temper."

"There is no excuse for a player to behave so badly," said Frank. "In baseball or in football you've got to play the game even when you fail to win."

33.2.414 A Funny Play

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and he

SKPE

at the

TE

for the

TP-RT

hero

HOEUR

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

out to

TPOUT

pajamas

PAPBLG PHAS

to be

TOB

when the

WHEPBT

who was

WHOFS

Text

For the opening scene of our school play the stage was almost dark. It was furnished with a bed, a dresser, a table, and two chairs. Over one chair hung a man's suit, and on the floor were some shoes and a collar. It was bedtime for our hero, who was wide awake and lying in bed with his head on a large pillow, nursing a sore tooth.

There came a knock at the door and our hero got out of bed. We all laughed because he wore a huge pair of striped pajamas. The door was locked and he couldn't open it. Then he got back into bed, only to get caught in the sheet.

We laughed ourselves sick when the phone rang and our hero fell out of bed trying to reach the table. The play turned out to be even funnier than we expected.

33.2.415 Stop! Look!

Selected Words

and she

SKPHE

did not

TKEUPBLT

frightened

TPRAOEUT EPBD

had a

HA

in the

TPH-T

middle

PH*EULD

she was

SHEFS

start to

STAORT

talked about

TPWAUBGD

that she

STHAE

to the

TOT

when she

SWHE

Text

Susan could hear the school bell ringing. The building was a block away, and she knew that she must hurry or be late. Susan did not walk to the corner. She started to run across the street. when she reached the middle she fell down. A large car almost hit her. Susan was not hurt, but she was badly frightened.

That afternoon Susan's class had a lesson on safety. They talked about these questions:

When should you always cross the street?

What should you always do before you start to cross the street?

Why should you never play in the street?

33.2.416 Billy’s Pony

Selected Words

every night

EFRPBT

happy

HAEP

he could

HEBGD

he was

EFS

he would

ELD

in the

TPH-T

morning and

SKPHORPBG

of the

-FT

on and

SKPOPB

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

that he

THAE

that the

THAT

that were

THARP

they would

THELD

things that

THAEUPBGS

things to

THOEUPBGS

with the

W-T

Text

One Christmas Billy's father gave him a big toy pony. Billy was very happy with his new toy. Every night he would set the pony by his bed, so that he could jump on him in the morning and go for a ride.

Billy gave his pony all kinds of things to eat, like apples and cake and grass. Billy played that the pony ate every one of the things that were set before him.

Sometimes Billy's friends came to play with the pony. They would jump on and ride him. Best of all, they liked to play that he was running away. Billy and his friends had many happy times with the big toy pony.

33.2.417 The Norwegian Twins

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

he knows

H*EPBS

instead

STPHED

instead of

STPHEFD

is a

SA*EU

Norwegian

TPHOR WAOEGS

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out to

TPOUT

they understand

THEPBDZ

think of

THEUF

understand

URPBD

understand that

THAURPBD

will be

HR-B

Text

Lars and Olaf are twins. Their father is a fisherman who lives on the coast of Norway. He fishes with a net instead of a hook and line. On pleasant days the twins help their father. He is teaching them everything he knows about the sea. They understand that they must obey him if they are to become good fishermen.

The twins like to lie on a rock near the shore and think of the time when they will be old enough to sail their own boat far out to sea.

33.2.418 Lifetime of Plants

Selected Words

and so

SAOPBD

annual

AEPBL

at the

TE

began to

STKPWAOPB

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

from a

TPRA*

ground in

TKPWHROUPBD

have a

SRA

have been

SR-B

have you

SRU

Have you ever

SRUFR

into the

TPHAOT

is no

STPHO

is not

S-PBLT

know the

TPHO*ET

may be

PHA*EUB

more than

PH-RPB

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

one of

WUFPB

perennial

PREPB KWRAL

some of

SPHOF

stand in

STPHAPBD

that is

THAS

that would

THALD

them to

THOEUPL

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

they were

THERP

through the

THRUT

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

what a

WHA*

when the

WHEPBT

would be

WOB

you are

R*U

you ever

UFR

you find

UFPBD

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

Just a year goes by from one of your birthdays to the next. Suppose you had to live all your life in that one year. Suppose you grew from a baby into an old man or woman in just one year. What a short lifetime that would be!

Many kinds of plants have a lifetime that is not more than a year. These kinds of plants are called annuals.

Many of the bright colored flowers of the summer garden come from annuals.

Some vegetables are annuals. Annuals have many seeds. Some of these seeds plant themselves, but many seeds must be planted by people.

Nannuals must be planted every year. Seeds are put into the ground in spring. When the hot days of summer come, these plants begin to have flowers. All through the summer the annuals keep the garden very beautiful.

When fall comes, the annuals begin to die. They cannot live through the cold winter weather.

Not all plants have a short lifetime of one year. Many kinds of plants live on for years and years. These plants are call perennials.

Some of our most beautiful garden plants are perennials. Do you know the perennials at the top of this page?

Gardeners and farmers do not like some kinds of perennials. Many kinds of weeds are perennials. Do you know these perennials?

The earth's oldest perennials are trees. Are there some great trees growing near your home? Look up into their branches. How tall these trees are! How strong they are! Many people can stand in their shade.

These trees have lived for years and years. It may be that they began to grow before your grandchild was a small boy.

Can you find a tree that is no taller than yourself? This tree may be much older than you are.

There are trees that have been living for hundreds of years. They were living at the time of the first Christmas. They were old, old trees when the first white men came to this country. Have you ever seen these old, old trees?

Are you thinking of these questions? Why do perennials live for years? Why do they not die as annuals do?

Perennials live a long time because they have food stored away. Most of them have food stored away in their roots. This helps them to live through the long cold winter. It helps them to live through long dry times of year, too.

Annuals do not have food stored away. They have nothing to live on when freezing weather comes, and so they die.

Most perennials live on year after year, but new perennials start each year, too. Perennials have seeds as annuals do. Many of these seeds grow into new plants.

33.2.419 Our Mailman

Selected Words

birthday

PW*RTD

from the

TPR-T

in a

TPHA*EU

paper

PAEUP

picture

P*EUFP

picture of

TP*EUFP

present

PREPBT

thank you

THA*UPBG

thank you

THAUPBG

this is

TH-S

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

Text

Each morning at about ten o'clock the mailman brings the mail from the city. He puts the letters and papers in a mailbox near our gate. Last week he brought me a letter. This is what it said:

Dear Mary,

I want to thank you for my birthday present. I hung the picture of you and Becky on my wall.

With love, Betty

33.2.420 Honeybees Are Social

Selected Words

are the

R-T

back to

TPWAOBG

have you

SRU

Have you ever

SRUFR

in each

TPHAOEFP

is a

SA*EU

she has

SHEZ

she is

SHES

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

these are

THAOERS

to the

TOT

what a

WHA*

you ever

UFR

Text

Have you ever watched honeybees gathering the sweet sap, is or nectar, from flowers? They buzz and buzz as they fly from one flower to the next. When they have enough nectar, they fly back to their hives.

Many thousands of honeybees live together in one hive. What a busy place a beehive is! Let's see what goes on inside the hive. Let's see how such a large family can live together in one house.

There are three kinds of honeybees in each hive. There is one queen bee. She is a long bee. She has a long slender body. Then there are some drone bees. They are fat fellows. There are thousands of smaller bees. These are the workers.

33.2.421 In Stormy Weather

Selected Words

any of

TPHEUF

as the

SAZ

before the

PW-FRT

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

go into

TKPWHAO

ground in

TKPWHROUPBD

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

start to

STAORT

starts to

STAORTS

that you

THAU

that you were

THAURP

things in

TPHEUPBGS

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

where could

WR-BGD

you were

URP

Text

Suppose again that you were a wild animal of the woods or fields. Could you keep warm in cold times and stormy weather?

In cold or stormy times you wear warm coats, caps, and leggings. Animals with fur or feathers need warmer covering when cold times come along.

In autumn many animals start to get new coats. The summer coat of fur or feathers is not warm enough for winter. This coat starts to come off.

You have even the hair that comes out of your dog's coat. It comes off on chairs and on people's suits or dresses. Your dog's summer coat is coming off.

A warmer winter coat starts to take its place. By the time cold weather comes, your dog's new winter coat is all grown out. Many animals get new coats in this same way.

For many animals the new winter coat is not the same color as the summer coat.

The summer coats of rabbits are brown. The winter coat is more nearly gray. Some kinds of rabbits have white coats in winter. The gray squirrel's winter coat is a real gray. Its summer coat has much brown in it.

The brown chickadee has a gray and black coat in winter.

You go into your house to get away from cold and storms. Where could you go if you lived in the fields or woods?

Would you look for trees and bushes growing close together? Blue jays and some other birds go into evergreen trees. Leaves of evergreen trees are called needles. The needles of the evergreen trees fall in close and thick around them. They keep away cold winds and snow.

Some birds and other small animals crawl under low piles of cornstalks, bushes, or thick grasses. Snow may fall over the grasses, cornstalks, and bushes. But the animals are away from the cold wind.

Some animals look for a hole in the ground. Rabbits sometimes crawl into a woodchuck's hole. Sometimes they find a hole under a tree.

Skunks find holes in the ground. A raccoon climbs into the trunk of an old tree to keep warm. Squirrels find holes in the tree.

Some animals get ready for winter before the cold days come.

Woodchucks dig long holes under the ground. They go into these homes in the fall. Then they curl themselves up and take a long rest.

They stay in their holes all winter. Only the warm days of spring will bring them out of the ground.

Chipmunks, too, dig holes in the ground in the fall. They curl up and rest in the cold days of winter. Frogs, toads, and turtles go into the mud.

Bears, raccoons, and skunks take a long rest in the winter time. On warm days they come out for food. Then they go back into their resting places to sleep.

Muskrats and beavers build fine houses in the water. In the winter they sleep much of the time in their warm homes.

Some animals do not need to do any of these things in winter. They go away from the cold and snow.

In autumn the sky is full of birds. You have seen them flying together over the tops of houses and trees.

Away they go to the south -- robins, bluebirds, swallows, wrens, warblers, and wild ducks.

Every autumn hundreds, hundreds, and hundreds of birds fly to the warm lands to the south. There they find food. There they are safe from cold winds and snowstorms.

33.2.422 Jim Plays Tennis

Selected Words

and so

SAOPBD

defend

TKEFPBD

did not

TKEUPBLT

forgotten

TPO*RGTD

had a

HA

have been

SR-B

he was

EFS

in fact

TPH-FT

in the

TPH-T

it happened

T-PD

it was

T-FS

might have

PHAOEUF

of a

AEUF

racquet

RABG ET

the Court

TKORT

this was

TH-FS

to have

TOF

use it

TAOUS

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

who was

WHOFS

Text

Jim Westley sat in the shade of an apple tree. It was a hot August afternoon, and not a leaf was stirring.

Jim was a good tennis player -- in fact, the best in town, for nobody had yet beaten him. It happened that someone had offered to try -- a new boy in town, who was not quite sixteen and so junior to Jim.

Of all days to have set for a tennis game, this was the worst. In the first place it was too hot, and in the second place Jim had a sore wrist. This might have been a welcome excuse, but Jim did not want to use it, in case the new boy might think he was afraid to defend himself. So he bound up his wrist and waited.

Presently a tall lad walked across the court, leaped over the net, and yelled, "Hello, pal." Jim liked the new boy's cheerful face, and grabbed his racquet, his wrist forgotten in the thought of a good game.

He had never played better. After two sets the score was even, and Jim won the last one; so he was still the best tennis player in town!

33.2.423 An Arithmetic Class

Selected Words

after all

AFL

and I

SKPEU

arithmetic

R*EUT TEUBG

as the

SAZ

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW-LS

at once

TWUPBS

but it

TPWUT

could not

KOPBLT

did not

TKEUPBLT

do the

TKO*T

front of

TPROFPBT

going to

TKPW*GS

I did

TK*EUD

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

it was

T-FS

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

she could

SHEBGD

she said

SHEBS

she was

SHEFS

that she

STHAE

the Blackboard

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

when she

SWHE

Text

The new girl in the class sat at her desk with pencil, paper, and arithmetic book. She was studying the lesson, but it was very hard. She was afraid that she was not going to get the answer right. She could do reading and spelling as well as the rest of the class, but if she could not do the arithmetic, she could not stay in this class.

The teacher called her to come up to the front of the room. "You must put the arithmetic lesson on the blackboard," said the teacher. The new girl did not open her book. She wrote down a few numbers, and then all at once she could see how to do the lesson. It was not so hard after all!

"I got the right answer, and I did not guess," she said when she had finished.

33.2.424 Flowers of the Sea

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

all the

AULT

and be

SKP-B

and so

SAOPBD

and so on

KPAOPB

are a

RA*

as a

SA*Z

as large as

SHRARPBLGS

as the

SAZ

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

as you

AUZ

at the

TE

between the

TWAOEPBT

but it

TPWUT

center of the

STR-FT

down in

TKPHOUPB

easy to

TOEZ

find it

TPHAOEUPBD

from the

TPR-T

hard to

THAORD

have a

SRA

have been

SR-B

I will

KWREUL

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

instead of

STPHEFD

into the

TPHAOT

is the

S-T

it was

T-FS

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

learning about

PWHRERPBG

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

may be

PHA*EUB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

part of the

PAFRT

plan is

SPHRAPB

some of

SPHOF

that I

THAEU

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

there were

THR-RP

they were

THERP

this was

TH-FS

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

which the

KH-T

which was

WEUFS

with the

W-T

you will

HR*U

you would

ULD

Text

There are flowers in the sea as well as on the land. Under the waves of the ocean are fields of green sea grasses, and groves of great seaweeds, like trees. Diving-men go down to the sea-bottom and walk about. They often find it hard to move in the tall weeds. The weeds tangle the men's feet. The divers feel as you would among the brush and vines of a great wood. There are splendid sea-plants of all colors,--red, pink, white, green, brown, purple, yellow, and orange.

The leaves of these sea-plants are of many shapes. They are round or long; they are flat or curly. Some are cut into fine fingers; they have spots, dots, or knobs, upon them that shine like silver and gold.

The sea has also another kind of flowers. They are animals or fishes that look more like lovely flowers than like any other thing. We call them sea-flowers or animal-flowers. We name some of them after dainty little plants that grow in the woods in spring.

The name "flowers" which we give to these is only a pretty fancy. You must know that really they are a kind of animal. It is, then, flower-animals, which we shall no study for a few lessons.

They belong to a family called the Radiate Family. You have been learning about the Ring Family. Now look at the Radiates. They have this name because they are made in the shape of a star.

The pattern on which they are made is very simple. And yet this simple pattern is so built upon and changed that the members of this family are among the most lovely of animals.

These animal-plants have, from their odd and pretty shapes, such names as the sunflower, the aster, the fern, the crown, the fan, the pen, and so on. I will now tell you about one of these Radiates.

Early one day I went from my door to the beach, which was near, and there I saw a lovely object.

The water was very still and clear, and floating in it was something all rose and cream color.

This pretty thing was as large as a very large dinner-plate. It was not flat, but shaped like half an orange, with the rounded side up. It was of a fine rose color, and as clear as jelly. It looked much like pink jelly.

From the center of the top to the edge went lines of a deeper pink. There were also dots around the outer edge. This edge seemed to have a soft full ruffle of cream color about it. Looking closer, I saw that the underside was not flat. It was shaped like a bell or an open parasol. It had something which looked like long leaves, and which opened and shut.

But this was not all that I saw. From the darker lines on the upper part of the bell ran out long pink arms. They were almost a yard long. Their early mornings had full ruffles. They were of a cream color, like soft lace.

These long arms hung down in the water, which spread out their pretty early mornings. With a soft and motion they waved from side to side.

In my boat I went quietly near this creature. It floated here and there, spread out in all its beauty. I kept near it to watch it. This lovely thing was a jelly-fish.

It was easy to see that the creature was a Radiate, but it had four, and not five rays. Its plan was like Figure 1. If these rays are bent down, you will see that they may form the frame of a bell-shape, like Figure 2. The ends of these four rays often run out into arms, like Figure 3. All the soft pink-and-cream jelly-like stuff fills up between the upper part of the rays and gathers into the ruffles along the edge.

This is the plan on which the jellyfish is built. His frame is built of four rays. The four parts between the rays may be again divided and be eight and not four. Again, there may be sixteen rays instead of eight. But the plan is the same.

33.2.425 Lighting a Flashlight

Selected Words

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

can find

K-FPBD

do you

TKOU

do you see

TOUZ

flashlight

TPHR-LT

from the

TPR-T

have a

SRA

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

into the

TPHAOT

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is the

S-T

may have

PHAEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

the two

TWOT

through the

THRUT

why not

KWR-PBLT

you can

UBG

Text

Many of you use flashlights. Someone may have a flashlight at home that does not light any more. Why not take it apart and look inside it? See if you can find the circuit along which electricity travels.

At one end is the light bulb. Next to it are one, two, or three dry cells. These cells have only one post showing on top. The zinc covering of the cell acts as the second post.

Look at the two metal strips that run along one side of the flashlight. These strips of metal are like the wire in your bell circuit. Now press on the switch. This switch is like a push button.

As you push on the switch, do you see that it makes the two strips of metal touch each other? The electricity can now travel in a complete path from the dry cells along the metal strips, through the lightbulb and then back into the dry cells again.

33.2.426 Mr. Barnacle and His Son

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

and can

SKP-BG

and it

SKPEUT

and the

SKP-T

are not

R-PBLT

as a

SA*Z

as big as

SPWEUGS

as it

TAZ

as soon as

S-PBS

as the

SAZ

at an

TA*PB

between the

TWAOEPBT

do you

TKOU

from the

TPR-T

grown up

TKPWRUP

has to

THAOS

he can

K*E

he has

HEZ

he was

EFS

hold it

THAOELD

hold it

THOELD

how many

HOUPL

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

instead of

STPHEFD

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is about

SPW

is also

SHR-S

is an

SA*PB

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is the

S-T

is to

STO

it can

T-BG

it has

T-Z

it was

T-FS

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

out of

OUFT

ready to

TKRAOE

so the

SOT

the two

TWOT

then the

THEPBT

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

turned into

TPHAO*URPBD

what a

WHA*

what he

WHAE

what is

SWHA*

will be

HR-B

with the

W-T

would not

WOPBLT

you think

UPBG

you would

ULD

Text

What is a barnacle? A barnacle is a kind of crab. How many families of barnacles are there? Two,--the stem family and the stemless family.

A stem barnacle is a kind of crab with a three-cornered shell. It grows fast to some object by a long, thick stem.

A stemless barnacle has a shell shaped like an acorn, or like a rose-bud with the top bill bitten off. Instead of a stem, it is held fast to the object on which it grows by a thin plate of shell at its broad, or flat end. This plate has a tiny hole in the center.

When you first saw a barnacle, you would not think it was a crab, or any relative of Mr. Crab. When grown up it does not look at all like the Crab Family. When crabs and barnacles are very young, they look more like each other.

Let us look at an acorn barnacle. The shell is in plates, as if two or three shells were set one over another. The shell grows by added bits of lime, as a conch shell does. The thin skin that lines it, and holds it together, is shed, like Mr. Crab's coat. Then the shell has room to grow.

The shell is hard and white. It is lined with a very thin skin, which often has a faint, pretty tint.

The stem barnacles have long, flesh-like stems which move and sway with the motion of the water. They look much lucky a little, queer, pale plum hung by a long, thick stem.

The end of the barnacle, which clinician to the stone, log, shell, or fish on which it has fastened itself, is the head end. The two feelers, which all these animals have, are turned into two fine tubes, or pipes. These make a strong cement. Cement is like glue, but much more strong and stiff.

This comment fastens Mr. Barnacle to his place. So after he has settled himself in life, he never wanders about any more.

Did Mr. Barnacle ever go abroad. Oh, yes! When he was young he swam about the water-world, in a very brisk way. Let us hear about that.

Mr. Barnacle makes the same changes of life that an insect does. First he is an egg, then a larva, then a pupa, and at last a steady old barnacle. But the larva barnacle makes two or three changes of shape before it turns into a pupa.

Barnacles grow fast. They change their coats often when they are young.

Here is an old acorn barnacle fast upon a stone. It is about as big as the end of your little finger. It has some eggs which it packs into the shape of a small leaf. It tux this leaf of eggs into a fold of the thin skin that lines the thick shell.

As the eggs get ready to hatch into larvae, the old barnacle is also growing, and making more shell. Soon it is ready to enlarge the outer shell. So the inside skin contraction apart and falls off. By degrees some barnacles become quite large as fresh shell grows from within.

When the old inside skin falls off, the eggs are set free. Out of them come the larvae. The larvae are active, hungry little fellows, who know how to swim as soon as they are loose in the water.

The larva acts as if it liked to be free from the shell-prison. It darts about in the sea, and each day its shape changes. It has one eye, a mouth, two feelers like horns, and six legs. It can swim, and can walk over seaweed.

Some parts of this gay little larva will one day turn into tubes to make comment to hold it fast to a stone. Then it will be a stay-at-home barnacle all its life long.

When the larva becomes a pupa, it drifts about until at last it is time for it to stop traveling and keep still. Then it fixes itself by its head to the place that will always be its home. All it has to do after that, is to fish and eat. As it makes new shell, it will enlarge the old shell. And it will have little eggs, packed in the shape of a we leaf between the skin and outer shell.

By and by Mr. Barnacle has a hard shell of many plates, his eye has gone down near his stomach. Do you think he can see what he eats? His legs are not used for walking, but to fish with; his mouth is near his feet. The rest of his head has gone off with his feelers, to attend to making comment and shell. What a queer creature he is!

33.2.427 Untitled

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

as high as

SHAO*EUS

as the

SAZ

for the

TP-RT

if the

TP-T

is the

S-T

it must

TPHUFT

on the

OPBT

one that

TWHAUPB

Text

How lonesome it must be for the men who keep the lighthouse. They see ships passing ever day, but the only one that ever visits them is the boat that brings them food and the oil for the light.

They must keep the lamps burning brightly all night, for if the light should fail, some ship might strike on the rocks and go down.

When the wind is high, it must be an awful sight to see the waves beating against the house and dashing up as high as the light.

33.2.428 Thanksgiving Day

Selected Words

at the

TE

down the

TKOUPBT

in the

TPH-T

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

Thanksgiving Day

THAPBGS TKPWEUFG TKAEU

that the

THAT

they wanted

THEPTD

they were

THERP

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

what a

WHA*

with the

W-T

Text

For many years the Whites lived in the big house on the hill. They were fine people.

Every year on Thanksgiving Day they gave a big party. Many boys and girls went up the hill that day to eat a fine dinner.

Grandmother White sat at the head of the table with the baby next to her. Down the long table sat little sister and brother and their friends.

Mother and Father White brought in the food and saw that the children had all they wanted to eat.

After dinner the children played with toys or sat by the big fire and told stories. What a fine Thanksgiving Day they all had!

33.2.429 The World Uses Electricity

Selected Words

all of

A*UFL

all of them

AUFL THEPL

and all

SKPAUL

do you

TKOU

how many

HOUPL

there are

THR-R

through the

THRUT

you can

UBG

you think

UPBG

Text

All through the day and all through the night, electricity works for you. Try to count the ways that electricity helps you. How many ways there are! Do you think you can count all of them?

33.2.430 Water in Plants

Selected Words

because it

TPWAUS

can find

K-FPBD

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

how large

HOURPBLG

in a

TPHA*EU

it was

T-FS

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

put it

TPUT

what about

WHABT

where the

W-RT

will be

HR-B

with your

WUR

you can

UBG

Text

You like to eat fruit in summer. Fruit is part of a plant. You like fruit because it holds water. How good a juicy apple tastes! What about a big piece of juicy watermelon? What other fruits are full of juice? On a hot summer day you like lemonade. Lemonade and other drinks are made from fruit juices.

A vegetable is part of a plant. You can find out if vegetables hold water, too.

Cut a potato in two pieces. Feel a piece with your hand. Does it feel as if it had been dipped in water? Rub the wed side of the potato along a piece of glass.

Cut a slice from the potato. Put it on a paper. Make a line around the slice of potato. This will show how large the slice is.

Leave the piece of potato in a dry place. In a day or two it will be very dry. Put it on the paper where the line is. The slice of potato is much smaller than it was at first. Water has gone from the potato.

33.2.431 The Drone Bees

Selected Words

any of

TPHEUF

are not

R-PBLT

are the

R-T

did not

TKEUPBLT

in each

TPHAOEFP

in the

TPH-T

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

there are

THR-R

there would

THR-LD

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

with the

W-T

would be

WOB

you can

UBG

Text

The drones are the father bees. They are called male bees. There are' few drones in each beehive. You can tell them because they are fatter and larger thans workers.

The drones are helpless bees. They cannot do any of the things the worker bees do. They cannot gather food or guard the queen. They cannot sting, because they have no stinger.

You may wonder what they are good for. One of them will mate with the queen bee. If this mating did not happen, there would be no baby workers. The beehive would soon be empty.

In the fall the drones die. They are not wanted in the beehive. The workers stop feeding them. Since the drones cannot feed themselves, they starve to death.

33.2.432 Where Does the Salt Go?

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

can you

KU

do not

TKPHOT

in the

TPH-T

know the

TPHO*ET

of the

-FT

part of the

PAFRT

there are

THR-R

through the

THRUT

where has

WR-Z

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

Most children like to play with water. You can learn something newbie playing with water.

Put a little salt into some water. Very soon you cannot see the salt. Where has it gone?

Put a little sugar into some water. By and by you cannot see the sugar. Where has the sugar gone?

Do you know the word dissolve? When things dissolve in water, they become a part of the water.

Salt and sugar dissolve in water. You cannot see them in the water. But they are there in the water.

Drink a little of the water in which salt is dissolved. Can you taste the salt? No drink a little of the water in which sugar is dissolved. Can you taste the sugar?

Put some soap flakes into warm water. Soon the soap goes all through the water. It is dissolved in the water.

At first there are bubbles in the water. Let it stand for a while. Do not stir it. Now most of the bubbles are gone. You can see the soap awe through the water. The soap has become part of the water.

Things dissolved in water become a part of the water.

Put a small stone into a glass of water. Stir it around and around. Does the stone become a part of the water?

33.2.433 What Box Turtles Eat

Selected Words

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

on the

OPBT

Text

Some turtles live in water, but a box turtle is not a water turtle. It is a land turtle. It lives on the ground and travels about in the woods and fields.

A box turtle finds many different kinds of food to eat. Much of its food is plant food. It eats many kinds of berries that grow in the fields and woods.

A box turtle eats many, many insects. It eats earthworms and snails.

33.2.434 The Ghost Party

Selected Words

as the

SAZ

at once

TWUPBS

Burton

PWURTD O*PB

could be

KOB

down the

TKOUPBT

for the

TP-RT

grown up

TKPWRUP

he felt

HEFLT

I be

EUB

it could

T-BGD

of the

-FT

there was

THR-FS

to be

TOB

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

up and

SKPUP

where I

WR*EU

Text

Bob Burton was excited when he got to Johnny White's Halloween party. There was to be a ghost hunt. Johnny told the boys and girls to start at once to hunt for the ghost.

The house was almost dark, lighted only by candles. "I wonder where it could be?" thought Bob, as the other boys started upstairs. "I believe I might try the cellar!"

He felt very grown up and brave going down the cellar stairs alone. In one corner lay an old trunk. Bob stood still to listen. No a sound. He came closer. He started to raise the top of the trunk. Inside he saw a white form with shining eyes!

Bob was scared. He screamed and raced up the cellar stairs. Behind him came the ghost, which dropped its white covering. There stood Johnny's big brother!

33.2.435 The Dragonfly and his Cousins

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

after all

AFL

and is

SKP-S

and the

SKP-T

and you

SKPU

and you can

SKPUBG

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

bright light

PWR-LT

call it

TKAUL

can be

K-B

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

for the

TP-RT

goes to

TKPWOS

have a

SRA

I think

KWREUBG

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is about

SPW

is not

S-PBLT

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one is

SW*UPB

one of

WUFPB

out of

OUFT

prefer to

TPROEFR

red light

R-LT

some of

SPHOF

that the

THAT

them to

THOEUPL

these are

THAOERS

they do

TKHOE

this is

TH-S

this the

TH-T

when the

WHEPBT

which has

KH-Z

which the

KH-T

will find

HR-FPBD

you can

UBG

you remember

URPL

you will

HR*U

Text

The dragonfly eats almost every kind of insects which you have thus far read about. Beetles, spiders, flies, centipedes, fresh-water shrimps, and pollywogs are its food.

The dragonfly is a larva for a year. It is a perfect dragonfly only a part of one summer. You will find the most dragonflies in July or August. When the frost comes, they die.

Dragonflies are very strong; they are fond of chasing other insects. They seem to catch and tear them for the mere pleasure of pulling them to pieces. They also fight with each other, and Mr. and and Mrs. Dragonfly have some hard battles.

The dragonfly does not have a long lip, or mask, set on a rod, as the larva had. They fly so swiftly that they do not need such help in getting food.

Few insects are so easy on the wing as this, and few have such beauty of wing.

Yet I think, after all, that the chief beauty of the dragonfly is in its eyes. These are like two great flaming jewels.

The eyes are beautiful, for this clear, glowing light in them; the body, for vivid color; the wings, for their lace-like texture. Each of the wings has a dark spot on the front edge. Often, in flying, this spot and the line of bright color of the body, almost like a streak of fire, are all that can be seen of the insect.

There are several kinds of dragonflies. These are different in color and size, and in the shape of their bodies. One, with a very long, thin, dark body, is called the Darning-Needle. One, with a thicker body, is called the Ringed-Club. Its body is largest at the tail end. This one is dressed in black and gold, and is large and strong.

A smaller kind of dragonfly, which has no spots on the wings, is called the Little Lady. This is among the prettiest of all; some of them are bright red; some a clear light blue. They look more like creatures in some dream about fairies, than like real live insects, for they flit here and there like streaks of gay-colored light, and you can scarcely see the wing on which they fly.

The dragonfly has some very handsome relatives. One of these is called the Lace-Wing.

The head and body of the lace-wing are bright green, its wings are like white gauze; but its chief beauty is in its eyes. Some call it the Golden-Eye, because its eyes are like a drop of amber, or melted gold.

The veins in the wings of the lace-wing are very fine. As the light falls on them, they change in color, and look like pink, red, blue, green, or gold threads.

These lovely lace-wings do not like the bright light of the noon-day, as the dragonfly does. They prefer to come out in the moonlight, or when the sun is setting.

The lace-wing is not a water lover, as the dragonfly is. It lays its eggs on leaves, and every egg is held upon a little silken them. The stem is much like the silk which the spider spins. These eggs are laid in groups.

When the young lace-wings come out of the eggs, they feed on the little aphis. You remember the aphis makes the honey that ants are so fond of.

In two weeks these larvae change to pupae. To do this the lace-wing larva spins a nice silk ball, in which it goes to bed for a nap white it is a pupa.

In this, you see, it is not at all like the young dragonfly, which hunts and runs about while it is a pupa. The ball of the sleeping lace-wing is about the size and shape of a wild pea, or vetch seed.

The lace-wings are short-lived. One summer makes a lifetime for them. In a summer they grow from infancy to age, make all their changes, and live out their time as complete insects.

When the lace-wing is dead, it loses all its fine colors in a very few hours.

33.2.436 Water Is Useful

Selected Words

and all

SKPAUL

and so

SAOPBD

and you

SKPU

and you have

SKPUF

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

do not

TKPHOT

from a

TPRA*

have a

SRA

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

how could

HOUBGD

how would

HOULD

How would

I want

EUPT

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is no

STPHO

more than

PH-RPB

number of

TPHUFPL

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

talking about

TPWAUG

that you

THAU

there is

THR-LGS

used in

TPHAOUFD

want it

TWAPBT

when it

TWHEPB

when you

WHU

would you

WOU

you are

R*U

you can

UBG

you do

TKO*U

you say

UBZ

you think

UPBG

you want

UPBT

Text

Very often you say, "I want a drink of water."

And almost always you can have a drink of water when you want it.

But sometimes there is no water in the place where you are and you have to wait.

Then you do not feel very happy. You think, "I want a drink of water more than anything else in the world!"

You begin to think how very useful water is.

The children in Miss Plaque's room were talking about water.

Mary said, "We must have water to drink. We must have water for washing. We must have water for trees and gardens and all growing things."

Bill said, "There is water all around us. When it rains, we see water in the air. We often see clouds. Clouds are water."

Ann said, "Water is in lakes and rivers. The ocean is water."

Ben lives on a farm. Ben said, "There is water in the earth. The water comes into our house from a well. The well is a deep, deep hole in the ground. A pump brings the water up out of the ground. It runs into a tank in our house."

The children told many things about water.

Water is used in many ways, just as Mary said.

What would you do without water to drink? How would Mother get dinner without water? How could you keep clean without water?

Animals need water and so do plants.

Try to count the number of different ways that you use water in one day at home and at school.

33.2.437 The Life of a Monarch Butterfly

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and over

SKPOFR

at the

TE

by it

TPWEU

do you

TKOU

from the

TPR-T

happens to

THAOPS

if the

TP-T

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is not

S-PBLT

it was

T-FS

milkweed

PH*EULG WAOED TK-FPS

monarch

PHOPB ARBG

now the

TPHOUT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

over and

SKPOEFR

pupa

PUP KWRA

some people

SPAOEPL

they would

THELD

to be

TOB

to find

TOFPBD

to its

TOEUTS

to the

TOT

when it

TWHEPB

you can

UBG

you should

URBD

you think

UPBG

Text

Tiny green balls were on the underside of the milkweed leaves. The tiny green balls were eggs. A butterfly had laid these eggs a short time before.

Try to find the eggs of the monarch butterfly. You can see them in the spring, in the summer, or in the fall. You should always look for them on the leaves of the milkweed plant.

The eggs are very small. They are green like the leaf. If the eggs could grow big, they would look like this.

Soon a little caterpillar comes out of each egg. It is called a larva. It eats the leaves of the milkweed plant.

The larva eats and grows, eats and grows. At first it is not much of any color. Then it grows to be black and white. By and by it is a big, bright-colored caterpillar.

At this time a queer thing happens to the caterpillar. It fastens one end of its body to a leaf. It hangs from the leaf with its head down.

Little by little the old covering to its body comes off. Little by little it gets a new covering. The new covering is like a bag. It is soft and green. At the top and at the bottom are spots that look like gold. Now the caterpillar is called a pupa.

Soon the covering grows hard. The bag hangs from the leaf for about two weeks. Some people say, "Now the caterpillar is resting in its green bag." But much is happening to the body of the caterpillar at this time.

In about two weeks the green covering breaks open. Do you think a caterpillar comes out of the bag? No. Out comes a bright-colored monarch butterfly.

At first it is not very pretty. Its wings were folded over and over when it was in the green bag. But the butterfly slowly spreads them out until they are big and strong. Then it flies away.

33.2.438 The Pull of a Magnet

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

as the

SAZ

did the

TK-T

do you

TKOU

I can

AOEUBG

in the

TPH-T

is not

S-PBLT

made of

PHAEFD

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

take the

TAEUBGT

think about

THEUBT

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

when the

WHEPBT

you think

UPBG

Text

One day David said, "I can make this magnet hold a piece of paper."

"A magnet cannot hold paper," said Ann. "Paper is not made of iron or steel."

"Just watch and see," said David. "Jack, you hold the magnet."

Jack held the magnet. David put a piece of paper under the magnet. He placed a nail under the paper.

Click! The nail and the paper held fast to the magnet.

What do you think? Did the magnet really hold the paper?

The pull of a magnet goes through paper. Put a needle on a piece of paper. Hold a magnet under the paper. Move the magnet round and round under the paper. Watch the needle go round and round on top of the paper.

The magnet pulls the needle. The pull of the magnet goes through the paper. As the magnet is moved about under the paper, the needle moves around on top of the paper.

Now what do you think about David's trick? What made the paper stay on the magnet?

The pull of a magnet goes through air. Place a nail on your desk. Place a magnet on the desk, too. Move the magnet along until it is near the nail. Move it very slowly. When the magnet is very near to the nail, click! The nail hops over to the magnet.

The pull of the magnet goes through the air to the nail. The nail hops through the air over to the magnet.

Does the pull of a magnet go through water? Drop a needle into a glass of water. Put a magnet in the water to get the needle.

Can the magnet take the needle out of the water?

33.2.439 In a Coal Mine

Selected Words

and he

SKPE

as the

SAZ

Benny

PWEPB KWREU

electric

TR*EUBG

go into

TKPWHAO

into the

TPHAOT

is done

STKOPB

on the

OPBT

that is

THAS

Text

Tonight Benny goes down into the coal mine, and he won't be up again until tomorrow. Benny says good-bye as the men ring the electric bell, and down they go into the great black hole.

Long lines of coal cars must be moved tonight, and that is Benny's work. He is helped by one other man. They get on the small electric train, and away they go.

After this work is done, the men answer the call to lunch. Benny's face is truly as black as the coal, yet he doesn't care. Other faces are just as black, and tomorrow they will all be clean!

33.2.440 The Earth Is a Planet

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

all the

AULT

all the other

AUL OERT

and all

SKPAUL

around it

STROUPBD

as far as

STPARS

as large as

SHRARPBLGS

as the

SAZ

as you

AUZ

at the

TE

Atlantic Ocean

AT HRAPB TEUBG OEGS

compared to

TKPAOEURD

do not

TKPHOT

earth is

S*ERT

from the

TPR-T

have you

SRU

how large

HOURPBLG

if you

TPU

if you have

TPUF

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is about

SPW

is the

S-T

it would

T-LD

long, long

HROPBG HROPBG

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

Pacific Ocean

PAFBG OEGS

planet

PHRAEPBT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

talk about

TPWAUBG

than the

THAPBT

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

that was

THAFS

they do

TKHOE

to the

TOT

universe

AOUFRS

very much

SR-FP

very, very

SRE SRE

what is

SWHA*

when you

WHU

with the

W-T

would be

WOB

you can

UBG

you think

UPBG

you would

ULD

Text

As you look into the daytime sky, you can see the sun. It is bright and round and yellow.

As you look into the nighttime sky, you can see thousands of shining stars. You can see the moon, too. And sometimes you can see one or two very bright objects, you call them stars, but they are really not stars. They are planets. They give a steady light. They do not twinkle, as the stars seem to do.

The sun has nine planets that travel around it. Our earth is one of these nine planets. It travels around the sun. All the eight other planets travel around the sun, too.

Our earth is round. The other planets are round, too. Our earth is small compared with some of the other planets. It is very, very small compared with the sun. It would take over a million earths to make a ball as large as our sun.

Yet to us our earth seems very large. Just how large is our earth? What is the longest trip you have ever taken? Have you traveled across our big country? Have you gone all the way across the country from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean? If you have, you traveled about three thousand miles. That was a long, long trip.

But the earth is much larger than that. If you traveled all around the earth at the equator, you would travel about twenty-five thousand miles. That is how large our big earth is. The trip around the earth would be about eight times as far as cross our own country.

So large and yet so small! Just when you think that the earth is about the biggest object ever, someone will tell you that our earth is very small. You already know it is very much smaller than the sun. It is only a tiny ball, compared to many of the stars in the universe.

"Universe" is the name we use when we talk about the withhold world. It includes the earth, our sun and moon, the other planets, and all the other stars.

33.2.441 Perennials in Winter

Selected Words

all the

AULT

as it

TAZ

as you

AUZ

because it

TPWAUS

but it

TPWUT

did not

TKEUPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in this

STHEUPBS

is not

S-PBLT

it has

T-Z

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

they do

TKHOE

through the

THRUT

would be

WOB

would not

WOPBLT

you do

TKO*U

you would

ULD

Text

Perennials live through the winter. But they do not grow in this cold time.

How funny it would be if you did not grow in winter! That might make things easier for your mother. You would not grow too big for your clothes so quickly as you do now. But it would take longer for you to grow up.

You grow in winter just as you do in summer because you eat good food all the year round. A perennial cannot make its food in winter. It cannot take water from the soil to help make its food. But a perennial lives on in winter because it has food stored away.

Food is not stored away in your body as it is in a plant. You eat and grow in winter. A perennial lives but it does not grow in winter.

33.2.442 Homes near the Ground

Selected Words

have you

SRU

on the

OPBT

some of

SPHOF

Text

Have you seen yellow warblers flying near your home? Have you heard their bright songs? Look for a warbler's nest in bushes near your home.

Many warblers and song sparrows make their nests in bushes. Catbirds and many other birds build in bushes, too.

These nests are near the ground. They are away from enemies that live in high trees. They are away from some of their enemies that live on the ground.

33.2.443 The Birthday Party

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

at once

TWUPBS

happy birthday

HAEBD

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

Jerry

SKWRER REU

they were

THERP

Text

Yesterday Jerry was sleeping under the apple tree in the side yard when all at once he heard a noise. It was the noise of feet -- feet walking, feet running! Feet were making that noise. Jerry opened his eyes.

Around him were standing eight boys and eight girls with presents in their hands, calling, "Happy birthday, Jerry! Get up!" Jerry did get up, and the children gave him his birthday presents, which he opened right away.

"Shall we play a game, Jerry?" asked one.

"Yes!" cried Jerry, and away they all ran. They played until they were hot and tired. Were they glad when Jerry's mother brought out the ice cream and a big white birthday cake with eight red candles? Well, I guess so!

33.2.444 What Are Homes Made Of?

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

from the

TPR-T

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

in a

TPHA*EU

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

made of

PHAEFD

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

these are

THAOERS

things are

THREUPBGS

used in

TPHAOUFD

what about

WHABT

what is

SWHA*

which are

KH-R

Text

What is your house made of? What about the homes of other children in your school? One of you may live in a house made of wood. Another may live in a stone house. What other things are used in building people's homes?

These pictures tell about animal homes in fields and woods. What things do these animals use to make their homes?

The homes of some animals are made of wood.

The homes of some caterpillars and spiders are made of silk.

Some wasps make a home of paper. The paper is made from something that comes from the body of the wasp.

Some animals have homes made of stone. This insect covers itself with small stones which are held together with silk from the body. It lives in water.

Some swallows and some wasps use mud to make their homes.

Grasses, hair, paper, leaves, string, feathers, small sticks, and roots -- all these are used by birds for their homes.

Animals use whatever they have to build their homes. Each kind of animals uses something which makes a good home for that animal.

33.2.445 Untitled

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and the

SKP-T

he was

EFS

I am

KWRAEUPL

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

just in

STKPWHRUFT

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

then the

THEPBT

thing to

THOEUPBG

went into

TPWHAOEPBT

what a

WHA*

which was

WEUFS

who had

WHOD

Text

A little mouse lived in the wall of an old house, with his father and mother and six sisters. He was a wild little mouse, and liked to run away from home.

One day he ran out of the hole in the wall, which was the door of their house, and left his sisters alone. He went into the kitchen, and soon found some crumbs under the table.

"Oh, what a fine time I am having!" Said Mouse to himself. "How I pity my poor little sisters, with nothing to eat until father and mother come home."

Just then the old cat, who had been asleep under the stove, awoke, and the mouse saw her just in time to save his life.

33.2.446 Untitled

Selected Words

believe that

TPWHRAEF

Cora

KPA KOR KWRA

do not

TKPHOT

Gertie

TKPWERT AO*E

of course

-FBG

Santa Claus

SKHRAUZ

so often

SOEFPB

through the

THRUT

very much

SR-FP

Text

Cora has a wax doll that can open and shut its eyes. Santa Claus brought it to her last Christmas.

She is very careful of her doll's clothes, and has a trunk for them.

Every Saturday, Cora and her sister, Gertie, put out a large wash. Of course the girls do not need to wash so often, but they make believe that dollies' clothes get very much soiled through the week.

33.2.447 A Walk in the Woods

Selected Words

all of

A*UFL

all of a sudden

TP-FS

down the

TKOUPBT

ground in

TKPWHROUPBD

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

squirrel

SKWEURL

there is

THR-LGS

we are

WER

will be

HR-B

Text

One September morning, after the first frost, Jack and Uncle Bill were walking in the woods. All of a sudden a nut dropped at their feet.

"I wonder where that came from," said Jack.

"There is a squirrel somewhere nearby," said Uncle Bill. "Let's watch and listen, and maybe we can see him." Soon they saw a squirrel cutting open a nut with its sharp teeth. A minute later it ran down the trunk of the tree.

"If we are lucky we'll see other animals," said Uncle Bill. "The chipmunks dig holes in the ground in which to store their food. The field mice are busy, too. By the end of October they will be ready for their winter nap."

33.2.448 Doctor Owl

Selected Words

at the

TE

do you

TKOU

do you feel

TKWUFL

Doctor

TKR*

down the

TKOUPBT

full of

TPUFL

I can

AOEUBG

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is that

STHA

of the

-FT

Text

The wise old owl was the doctor who took care of most of the little animals in the forest. One evening as he sat at the door of his tree house, a lady squirrel climbed slowly up toward him. "Hello!" cried Doctor Owl. "What brings you here?"

The squirrel seated herself on a branch of the tree and said in a sad voice, "I'm ill, Doctor, very ill."

"Is that so? And where do you feel sick -- head or body?"

"Body," said the squirrel. "It's my heart, Doctor. I'm nearly dead!"

The wise old owl laughed to himself and thought, "Nothing the matter with that heart -- just been filling herself too full of nuts!" Out loud Doctor Owl said, "Well, I'll give you a bottle of something that will fix that in short order." He brought out a brown bottle. "This will cost you three mice."

"I'll be dead before I can even pay for it, Doctor," said the lady squirrel as she carried the bottle slowly down the tree trunk. But on each of the next three evenings a dead mouse was laid at old Doctor Owl's door.

33.2.449 When Mother Goes to the Store

Selected Words

are a

RA*

bedroom

PW-PL

for the

TP-RT

I was

EUFS

I will

KWREUL

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

she said

SHEBS

that I

THAEU

that I was

THAEUFS

there was

THR-FS

to the

TOT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

while the

WHAOEULT

you are

R*U

you haven't

UFPBT

Text

One day Joe's mother wanted to go to the store while the baby was asleep. She asked Joe not to leave the baby alone. Just after Mother left, the doorbell rang. It was a boy with a bill for the newspaper. Joe said, "I cannot pay you myself, but I will give the bill to my mother."

Soon Joe heard a sound in the bedroom. "Is Johnny awake?" he thought. He opened the door softly and looked in. There was Johnny ready for fun. When Mother came home, Joe was playing with him.

"I'm sorry that I was slow getting home," she said, "but I believe you haven't even missed me. You are a good helper, Joe."

33.2.450 Washing in Other Lands

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and the

SKP-T

do the

TKO*T

down in

TKPHOUPB

if the

TP-T

in the

TPH-T

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

like it

THRAOEUBG

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

out to

TPOUT

they can

THEBG

to the

TOT

together

TOGT

up and

SKPUP

which are

KH-R

Text

In lands far across the sea, country women often do their washing out of doors. They use the rivers which are near their homes.

Early in the morning the clothes are put into big baskets and carried out to the water. If the river has rocks on its bank, the women like it all the better. The clothes are washed up and down in the water and hit on these rocks, or hit with sticks, until they get clean. Sometimes a kind of hard soap is used, but more often only the water and the sticks do the work.

The clothes are put on the grass to dry in the hot sun. Late in the afternoon they are placed in the baskets and carried back home. These country women should enjoy wash day because then they can talk together.

33.2.451 Now You See Water in the Air Now You Don’t

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

above the

PWOFT

do you

TKOU

do you see

TOUZ

evaporate

AOE SRAP RAEUT

goes into

TKPWHAOS

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

see it

STAOE

seeing it

STAOEG

that are

THAR

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

that you

THAU

then the

THEPBT

things that

THAEUPBGS

this is

TH-S

to the

TOT

walk in

TPWHAUBG

when you

WHU

which is

WEUS

you are

R*U

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

When Bob Baker took his airplane ride, fog covered the ground.

Sometimes fog comes to the place where you live. It is all around your house. It is in the streets. Wherever you look, you see fog. Your face feels wet when you walk in the fog. Everything around you feels wet.

Fog is water in the air. It is water that you can see.

Fog is a cloud. Fog is a cloud that is near the ground. Most clouds are high in the air. When you look at these clouds you are seeing water in the air.

Watch a pan of vegetables when they are boiling on the stove. Do you see a little cloud just above the pan? This is water that you can see in the air.

The water clouds above the pan soon evaporates into the air. Then it is water that you cannot see.

Water goes into the air from many places. Much of the water which is in the air cannot be seen.

When you paint a picture, at first the paint is wet. Then the wet paint dries. You know that the water has evaporated into the air, but you cannot see it there.

The sidewalks are wet after a rain. Then the sun shines and in a short time the sidewalks are dry. The water has evaporated into the air.

Sometimes you can see a little cloud above the sidewalk. But almost always the water goes into the air without your seeing it there.

Look all about you. Find many things that are drying. The water goes from awful these things into the air.

33.2.452 What Henry Knew About Cars

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

and the

SKP-T

at the

TE

Crosby

KROZ PWEU

down the

TKOUPBT

for the

TP-RT

gasoline

TKPWAS HREUPB

had a

HA

have an

SRA*EPB

I've been

AOEUFB

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

it was

T-FS

ma'am

PHAPL

on the

OPBT

out and

SKPOUT

out of

OUFT

sent to

STOEPBT

she said

SHEBS

this was

TH-FS

Text

The year was 1907 -- back in the days before any road had a cement pavement. The place was a familiar house on a dirt road in Ontario. It was jewel, and Henry Crosby sat on the kitchen steps cutting up bits of beef for bait. A large automobile, shiny with new varnish, came down the hill and stopped with a tired puff almost at the Crosby's gate.

Henry dashed for the road. This was the first automobile he had ever seen! He watched the lady get out and crank the car without success.

"Won't she go?" he asked. The lady gave him a smile and shook her head.

Then Henry looked boldly at the tires, the brake, and the crank. "Got enough grease?" he asked. She nodded.

"Ho!" exclaimed Henry. "Just wait till I pop into the house, ma'am." He ran in and came out again with a small booklet in his hand.

"I'm out of gasoline," she said sadly.

"Oh, no, you're not," said Henry. "You have an extra gallon in your little storage tank. The booklet says so. It was sent to Dad, and I've been reading it!"

33.2.453 Dominion Day

Selected Words

as the

SAZ

dominion

TKPHEUPB KWROPB

excite

KPAOEUT

from the

TPR-T

going to

TKPW*GS

I go

TKPWEU

in an

TPHA*PB

in the

TPH-T

injury

SKWRAOUR

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

it a

TA*EU

may be

PHA*EUB

parade

PRAD

passes

PA*FS

there is

THR-LGS

to the

TOT

when the

WHEPBT

you are

R*U

Text

The first of July is the birthday of our country. We celebrate it when our schools are closed for vacation. There is a parade in which a band plays and we children march. People cheer and men lift their hats as the flag passes.

At night many dance in the streets, but I go to the park to watch the flames from the big bonfire. The most exciting moment is when the rockets go off. They look as if they are going to hit a star.

If you are careless, and safety rules are broken, the day may be a sad one. A burned finger or other injury means pain and sadness. Make Dominion Day safe!

33.2.454 Homes of Early Days

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

and had

SKP-D

different from

TKREUFRPB

early

ERL

from a

TPRA*

furniture

TPURPBT

it was

T-FS

made of

PHAEFD

might be

PHAOEUB

of a

AEUF

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

settler

SET/HRER

there was

THR-FS

Text

When his class was studying about the early days of our country, Joe gave this talk:

"The homes of the people who lived here long ago were very different from ours. The first houses were made of logs and had only one or two rooms. Sometimes a house had just a dirt floor. The only heat came from a fireplace. The fireplace was used for cooking, too.

"The early settlers didn't have much furniture. The father often made most of it himself. Sometimes there was a bench beside the fireplace. There might be a rug made of a bearskin. It was hard work to keep house in those days."

33.2.455 An Anthill

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

an ant

APB APBT

are the

R-T

back to

TPWAOBG

done that

TKHAOPB

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

gather the

TKPWAERT

if the

TP-T

in a

TPHA*EU

in an

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

much as

PHUFPS

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

Text

Life in an ant family goes on much as life in a bee family does. Each family has its own anthill. Each family has a queen, several males, and many workers.

Watch carefully near the May or early June. The young queens from the anthills in your schoolyard will fly into the air. Each queen meats with a male high in the air if the she flies back to earth to make a new home. She loses her wings then.

The worker ants are the nurses, housekeepers, builders, and sometimes SHRERLGS. The nurses care for the eggs before they hatch. They protect the eggs from harm. They take care of the young ants too. They feed the larvae food from their own mouths. The nurses keep the young ants warm by moving them from cool rooms to warm rooms inside the anthill. Sometimes they move the larvae several times a day. They are good nurses.

The worker ants also take care of a kind of plant lice called aphids. These aphids live on sap from plants. The ants like the sweet sap, too. They stroke the aphids to get the sweet sap away from them. We call aphids the ants' cows.

Worker ants gather the aphid eggs and take care of the baby aphids when they hatch. They are then sure of a good simply of sweet sap.

Each ant knows just how to do his job. Each ants does his work just as other ants have done that work for centuries past.

Honeybees and ants have about the same kind of family life. They are known as social animals, because they always live together in families and work for the family, not for themselves.

33.2.456 Many Ways to Catch Food

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

be the

BT

but it

TPWUT

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

have another

SRA*EU TPHOER

how does

TKHOUS

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

it can

T-BG

than the

THAPBT

they can

THEBG

to be

TOB

will be

HR-B

Text

Animals which eat other animals must be fast workers. No animal wants to be the food of another animal.

A cat wants a mouse or a bird for its dinner. How does it get it? Quietly and watchfully it moves along. Then a quick jump and the cat has food!

A frog sits very still in the sun. It is waiting for an insect to come by. Soon a mosquito comes buzzing along. A quick flip, out goes the frog's tongue, and the mosquito is inside the frog

Lions, tigers, and cougars are quick hard fighters. Each one can bring home for food an animal much larger than itself. All these animals have long, sharp claws. They can scratch deep. Their teeth are long and sharp. They can bite even through bones.

A tiger sees a cow which it wants for food. The cow is a bigger animal than the tiger. But the cow will be food for the tiger. Quietly and watchfully the tiger moves. A quick jump! The sharp claws scratch. The sharp teeth bite. The tiger has a cow for dinner.

A wolf is a strong animal. It can catch sheep and calves and young colts. But wolves have another way to get an animal for food. Many wolves go together to catch their food. Together they are very strong.

The deer is a big animal. It can run fast. But it is not easy for it to get away from the hungry wolves which run together.

33.2.457 Morning

Selected Words

above the

PWOFT

he has

HEZ

in the

TPH-T

mothers and fathers

PHAFR -S

on the

OPBT

will be

HR-B

Text

Morning has come to your town. The sun just shows itself above the hill.

Most boys and girls are asleep. Most mothers and fathers are asleep.

But the birds are awake. They are singing their morning songs.

The policeman is awake. He watched over the town all night.

The milkman is awake. He has started his day's work.

The sun is coming up in the east. It makes long shadows on the quiet street.

The policeman has on a warm coat. The milkman has buttoned his jacket to keep warm.

Soon your town will be awake.

33.2.458 A Queer Character

Selected Words

afterwards

A*FRDZ

and can

SKP-BG

and I

SKPEU

and if

TPAPBD

and the

SKP-T

as long

SHRO*PBG

as long as

SHROPBGS

going to

TKPW*GS

had a

HA

he was

EFS

how many

HOUPL

I had

H*EU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

listening to

THROEUFPBG

no matter

TPHAERT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out to

TPOUT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

things to

THOEUPBGS

what I

WHAEU

with the

W-T

years old

KWRAERLDZ

Text

"Old Quigg" was the name by which he went, and if he had ever had another, it was long since forgotten. Bob Johnson took me out to a lonely cabin in the woods to see Old Quigg on the day he was going to celebrate his birthday. Sixty years old! To boys of thirteen he looked a hundred.

We brought Old Quigg presents of food and gum and candy, and Bob added a pair of red and green garters. Old Quigg laughed and said, "Gee! These things to eat are dandy! And the garters are O.K. just what I needed to dress up my wooden leg!"

Old Quigg made coffee in a tin pot over a fire outdoors. We ate some of the cake we had brought and sat around the fire listening to Old Quigg's yarns -- marvelous yarns of his life at sea and his hunting trips in the Far North. Bob and I had a wonderful time.

For years afterwards, as long as Old Quigg was alive, I always went with the boys to visit him on his birthday. No matter how many times we heard his stories, we always enjoyed listening to them again.

33.2.459 Christmas Morning

Selected Words

as soon as

S-PBS

got a

TKPWAOEUT

he said

HEBS

I wanted

EUPTD

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

Johnny

SKWROPB KWREU

merry Christmas

more than

PH-RPB

on the

OPBT

Phillips

TPEUL EUPS

that he

THAE

Text

When Joe woke up on Christmas morning, it was only seven o'clock. The house was so quiet that he thought everyone was still asleep. "I hope they soon wake up, " he said to himself.

Joe tiptoeed to his mother's room and tapped on the door. "Merry Christmas!" called Mother. "As soon as everyone is dressed, we'll have breakfast. Then we'll open our presents."

Mother got a clock and Father a reading lamp. Johnny got some blocks and Joe got a drum.

"I wanted a drum more than anything else," said Joe. "Now Mr. Phillips will teach me to play in the band."

33.2.460 Nancy’s Letter to Jean

Selected Words

all the

AULT

before the

PW-FRT

going to

TKPW*GS

I am

KWRAEUPL

I have

SREU

I want

EUPT

in the

TPH-T

millions of

PHOEUFPBS

of the

-FT

part of the

PAFRT

province

PROFPBS

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

very much

SR-FP

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

we have

SWRAOE

we were

WERP

will be

HR-B

Text

Dear Jean,

Father has bought a house here in the western part of the province and we have settled down. I am very much excited, as I am going to have my own garden this year. I have promised to keep out all the weeds. I chose a spot to the east of the house, and Father plowed it last month.

Last week we worked like slaves setting out onions and planting early peace and beats nearby. However, we didn't finish all our planting. I want to put in more greens for salad and get them well started before the hot weather dries them up. I still have plenty of time.

I remember that when we lived in your part of the country, we thought we were lucky to have seeds in the ground by May the first, and then we expected the cold rains to wash them away!

The nearby orchard white with cherry blossoms just now. It looked as if there will be millions of cherries later on!

Write soon,

Nancy

33.2.461 Under the Water

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

able to

TAOEUBL

about the

PW-T

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and are

SKP-R

and so

SAOPBD

and the

SKP-T

and this

STHAPBD

and will

SKP-L

are not

R-PBLT

as a

SA*Z

as it

TAZ

as much

SPHUFP

as much as

SPHUFPS

as the

SAZ

as you

AUZ

at once

TWUPBS

at the

TE

case of

KAEUFS

come out

KPHOUT

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

everything that

THAEFRG

for the

TP-RT

from a

TPRA*

from the

TPR-T

grown up

TKPWRUP

he can

K*E

he has

HEZ

he said

HEBS

how does

TKHOUS

how it

THOU

idea of

KWR-FD

if the

TP-T

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is an

SA*PB

is not

S-PBLT

it has

T-Z

it should

T-RBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

made of

PHAEFD

much as

PHUFPS

of a

AEUF

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

point is

SPOEUPBT

said that

STHAEUD

should be

SHOB

shut up

SHUP

so far

STPAR

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

that are

THAR

that he

THAE

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

then the

THEPBT

there are

THR-R

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

things that

THAEUPBGS

this is

TH-S

those of

THOEFS

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

when the

WHEPBT

with the

W-T

you ever

UFR

you think

UPBG

you would

ULD

Text

Now less us hear the story of the dragonfly from its beginning. While it is an egg, a larva, and a pupa, it lives under the water. Only when about to burst from the pupa-case, and at last get its wings, does it leave the water and seek the upper air.

In all its early stages the dragonfly lives in cool, still shallows, among green and graceful water plants. Thereto sunshine glows all about it, as it darts over the bottom of the pond, hunting for food.

The mother dragonfly, as she flits over the water, drops her eggs upon it. They sink to the bottom. She may put them into plant stems. Their cases are waterproof. If the eggs are not eaten up by beetles and other fellow-citizens underwater, they are quite safe, and soon the larvae hatch out.

Most insects move quickly in the larva state, and are dull or quite asleep in the pupa-case. This is not the way with the dragonfly. He is active and brisk all his life. The egg settled upon the pond bottom is quiet; the larva moves about, but is rather slow and lazy. The pupa dashes here and there, and frightens all the little animals in the pond. At last, the perfect insect rises on the wing. It darts about with almost the swiftness of light.

The larva of the dragonfly is gray. It has six legs. It is always hungry, and feeds on small water animals, as beetles, grubs, shrimps, leeches, and their young.

This larva does not run after its food, but lies waiting for it. On the bottom of the pond, hidden in the shadow of a leaf, root, or stone, or seated on stems or leaves that are underwater, the larva waits patiently for its prey to come by.

Did you ever see a person with a net for catching insects? This net is a fine bag set on a little hoop. The hoop is fastened upon a long handle. Sometimes the handle has joints, and will fold up. As insects dart by being the person with the net brings it down over them with a quick motion.

The dragonfly larva has something much like this with which to catch its food. The lower jaw is fastened by a hinge to a little jointed rod. The rod, and the jaw license place upon the end of it, when not in use, are folded down upon the head of the insects.

The plate has fine teeth upon its edge. When the prey comes by, the larva snaps out its rod, with the plate, as if they both were on a spring, and so catches the things that are swimming along a little way off. They do not see their foe, and do not know that he can reach so far with his sweep net.

The teeth on the edge of the plate shut up, and then the rod folds back, and puts the food into the hungry larva's throat. I suppose the little creatures that swim along feel quite happy and safe, and then all at once, out springs this weapon, and they are gone.

But this little plague of the pond is not quite safe himself. There are some other creatures down under the water that eat him. All nature is a kind of game "tit for tat," you see.

The larva of the dragonfly breathes air. He has no lungs as you have, but gills as a fish has. How does he get air?

Through his body goes a long tube. The tube ends in a horny point at the tail. The point is made of five very fine spikes. These spikes and this tube are able to take from the water some of the air that is in it. Thus he gets air much as a fish does.

This spike on the tail of the larva has a very strange use. It shoots out the water which it has taken in, as you would shoot water from a squirt gun. It shoots the water out with such power that it drives the larva along in the water.

Did you ever see a steam boat driven through the water by a screw or wheel at the stern, or hind part? What do you think that the man who first made such a boat said? He said that he took his idea of how it should be made by seeing this queer larva move in the water.

When this creature seizes food, he likes to strike it from below. He rises under it in the stroke, as the shark does. Dragonfly larvae are very bold. They can eat large and hard insects.

When the larva changes to a pupa, it becomes more lively, fierce, and hungry than ever. It does not change its form at this time as much as most insects do.

The dragonfly pupa has six legs, and each foot has strong hooks on it. Its color is pale brown, clear and shining, and its case is horny. Some rings of the body have horny spikes upon them. Upon the case of the chest is a pattern like wings.

These pupae dash about the bottom, swimming or running, and eat almost everything that lives in the pond. The body and head of the pupa are thicker than those of the grown up dragonfly.

When it is nearly time for the pupa to come out as a dragonfly, the case grows clearer, like glass. The large, beauty eyes grow bigger and bigger, and the pupa leaves the deeper part and gets near the edge of the pond.

33.2.462 Draw Something Funny

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

and the

SKP-T

color

KHROR

funny

TPAOUPB

going to

TKPW*GS

I'll

AOEUL

let's

HRETS

living in

TPHREUFG

read it

TRAED

that is

THAS

they did

TKHE

to the

TOT

Text

"Let's draw something funny," Mary said to the children in school one day.

"I'm going to draw a funny cat," said Bobby. "I'm going to color him red, and then I'll give him a funny name."

"Good," said Mary. "I'll draw a funny house and write something funny about the girl and the boy living in it."

"I'll read it," said Mary," and then I'll take it home to show Mother."

"Let's all draw something funny to show our mothers," said the children. And that is just what they did!

33.2.463 Fun at Easter

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

at the

TE

Easter

AOEFRT

for the

TP-RT

I think

KWREUBG

I was

EUFS

made of

PHAEFD

of the

-FT

on that

THAOPB

on the

OPBT

Smith

SPH*EUT

that she

STHAE

they would

THELD

when she

SWHE

would have

WOUF

Text

One day Mary made some Easter boxes for the three little Smith children. She didn't think they would have much fun on Easter Day because their mother and father were away.

The box were made of paper and colored red, blue, and yellow. In every box Mary put some green grass and on that she set a little white Easter rabbit made of candy.

"Oh, the eggs!" said Mary. Then she put five candy eggs on the grass right around each of the three rabbits.

On Easter morning Mary left the box at the door of the Smiths' house. "Oh, Mother," said Mary when she came back, "I think I was an Easter rabbit this year, don't you?"

33.2.464 The Fairy’s Gift

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

as good

STKPWAOD

back to

TPWAOBG

full of

TPUFL

needles

TPHAO*ELDZ

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

she was

SHEFS

that she

STHAE

the two

TWOT

Text

The two baby sons of the king were asleep, and a fairy kept watch over them. She was working hard, making baby dresses. The basket at her side was full of fine cloth and beautiful gold fairy needles.

She laughed as she sat there, thinking of all the great gifts that she might give the babies. Would they, in their turn, be as good kings as their father when they received her gifts?

She finished the dresses and put them on the little baby kings. Then making three wishes over each of them, she flew back to her own land.

33.2.465 A Hobby Show

Selected Words

at the

TE

county

KOEUPBT

he has

HEZ

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

package

PAPBLG

Santa Claus

SKHRAUZ

she is

SHES

that he

THAE

that she

STHAE

zebra

SAO*EB/RA

Text

The children in the fourth grade planned a hobby show. Frank brought his wooden animals. He has fifty of them, but his favorite is a zebra that he made himself. One pupil said he thought that Frank should work for Santa Claus.

Joe's hobby is building kites. He brought a kite that won first prize at the county fair.

Sara showed the stamp collection that she started with a small package of stamps. Sara likes to paste stamps in her album. On one page she is putting stamps with pictures of our kings.

33.2.466 A Visit from a City Boy

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

back to

TPWAOBG

do you remember

TKOURPL

Do you remember

TKAOURPL

he was

EFS

how it

THOU

into the

TPHAOT

it happened

T-PD

learn about

PWHRERPB

of course

-FBG

of the

-FT

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

years ago

KWRAOERGS

you can

UBG

you remember

URPL

Text

Mar. 31

Dear Brother Bob:

Do you remember Alfred Perkins, who went to the city to live some years ago? He came to visit yesterday. His father wanted him to "learn about a farmer's life". Jim and I thought him! Of course we didn't do anything to spoil Alfred's beauty, but when he stepped back into the car, he was a very dirty young man!

First he had to see our new wagon and watch the men load it with bags of wheat to take over to Grandfather's mill. Then he must see the flour ground. We raced him the mile to the mill and beat him rather badly. Alfred doesn't know how it happened, but somehow he got himself covered with flour! You can imagine how his dark blue suit looked.

On the way back to the barn we took Alfred through the mud of the pigpen. He was hungry, so we gave him an apple. On his very first bite he found a worm. Now Alfred likes city life better than country life.

Sincerely,

Tom

33.2.467 Camp Life

Selected Words

allowed to

THRO*UD

amount of

AFPLT

did not

TKEUPBLT

every day

*EFRD

I haven't

EUFPBT

in the

TPH-T

of a

AEUF

on the

OPBT

that I

THAEU

they were

THERP

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

Text

Camp Waukee was unlike anything Pete had imagined. The first day their leader, Mr. Jones, gave these rules: 1. Guard your health; 2. Report a cough or sore throat; 3. Take proper care of your teeth; 4. Don't use the common drinking cup; 5. attend daily health inspection; and 6. Write your folks every Sunday. The boys were allowed to vote on everything except those six rules. They were put on their honor to obey them.

Pete did not dislike the rules. He thought it worth any amount of trouble not to be sick. Every day he hiked through the woods, fished, or swam in the lake. At night he slept on the wide porch of a cottage.

"I haven't been so hungry in ages," wrote Pete. "I breathe so deeply lately that I lose my buttons."

33.2.468 The Compass

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

as a

SA*Z

as you

AUZ

at one

TWUPB

at the

TE

back and

SKPWABG

can find

K-FPBD

can you

KU

compass

KPAS

did you

TKU

for the

TP-RT

Girl Scouts

TKPWEURL SKOUTS

happens to

THAOPS

have a

SRA

have been

SR-B

have had

SR-D

he was

EFS

hold it

THAOELD

hold it

THOELD

if you

TPU

if you have

TPUF

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

it has

T-Z

magnet

PHEGT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one time

WAOEUPL

other side

O*ERDZ

part of the

PAFRT

point in

TPHOEUPBT

take the

TAEUBGT

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

use it

TAOUS

what happens

WHAPS

when it

TWHEPB

when you

WHU

whether I

WHREU

will not

HR-PBLT

with you

WU

with your

WUR

you are

R*U

you can

UBG

you ever

UFR

you will

HR*U

Text

At one time or another you must have had fun with magnets. Perhaps you have experimented to see just what kinds of things a magnetic will attract.

Did you ever try to pick up nails with your magnet? Did you ever try to pick up tax with your magnet? Will a magnet pick up paper? Will a magnet pick up a nickel or a dime?

If you have a magnet at school, use it. Try to find out just what things a magnet will attract.

Many children like to watch a compass work. It works because the needle inside it is a magnet. Something attracts the compass and makes it work.

Have you ever watched a compass work? There are letters on the compass face. These letters are N, S, E, and W. They stand for the directions north, south, east and west. North is at the top of the compass.

Hold the compass in your hand. As you hold it, the needle of the compass moves. It moves back and forth. Hold the compass still and level. The needle soon stops moving. Notice in which direction the blue tip of the needle points.

Now take the compass to another part of the room. Hold it still and level. Notice in which direction the blue tip of the needle point now. Does it point in the same direction it did before?

Take the compass to many different places. You will see that the blue tip of the needle always points in the same direction. That direction is north.

Do not go near the radiator. The metal radiator will attract the compass needle.

Now move the compass so that the letter N is right under the blue tip of the compass needle. The blue tip of the compass needle tells you where north is. Can you now find which way is south? Can you tell which way is east and which way is west?

Why don't you make a compass for yourself? You will need a big darning needle, a magnet, a cork, and a pan of water.

Stroke the ends of the needle with one end of the magnet. Be careful to stroke the needle in the same direction each time.

Test the needle to see whether it has become a magnet. Will it attract a paper clip or another needle? If it does not attract these objects, stroke it some more.

Now stick the needle through a thin piece of cork. Put the cork into the pan of water. Watch what happens.

Does the cork swing back and forth? Soon it will standstill. Your needle will point north and south, just as a real compass needle does.

You may wonder whether this needle will point in the same direction when it is in some other part of the room. Dip the end of the needle that point north into blue paint. Let the paint dry. Put the cork back into the pan. Take the pan of water to the other side of the room. Does the blue tip of the needle point toward the north from here?

Take your compass over beside the steel radiator. What happens to it? Does the compass needle point north now? Your compass needle will not point north and south if you get it too near iron or steel objects in your schoolroom.

Try this. Put your compass near the steel blade of your jackknife. Does the needle of the compass turn toward it?

Compasses are very useful. They have been used for many hundreds of years. Columbus found the compass very helpful when he was sailing to America. All seamen find the compass very necessary when making voyages.

Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts use the compass to find their way in the woods. It is wise to carry a compass with you when you are going on a long hike.

Remember you can always know directions if you have your compass with you. You can find north. When you are facing north, south is at your back, east is toward your right hand, and west is toward your left hand.

33.2.469 A Visit to the City

Selected Words

Betty

PWET KWREU

Bob

PWO*B

building

PW-LG

in our

TPHOUR

Ruth

RAO*UT

to the

TOT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

we were

WERP

Text

Last summer Father took Jack and me to the city in our new car. We saw our cousins Bob and Betty and their baby sister Ruth. Bob and Betty wanted to show us the city while we were there. One day Uncle Tom let us watch the men working on a high building.

33.2.470 At the Railroad Station

Selected Words

and to

TAOPBD

cotton

KO*PBT

every day

*EFRD

from the

TPR-T

in a

TPHA*EU

into the

TPHAOT

neighbor

TPHAEUB

railroad

R-RD

Susan

SAOUFPB

things that

THAEUPBGS

Text

Every day many trains come into the city where Susan lives. From north, east, south, and west they come. As each big train pulse into the station, people step from it and hurry away.

The trains carry many things that people need. They bring coal to keep their houses warm and to use in a mill or factory. From neighboring farms they bring milk and cream, and from the warm south they brings oranges, rice, cotton, and other things that people need.

Don't you like to watch big trains?

33.2.471 The Earth Is Old

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

are not

R-PBLT

are you

RU

as you

AUZ

can you

KU

century

KROEURPBT

Colorado

KRO*

do you

TKOU

down the

TKOUPBT

earth is

S*ERT

from your

TPRUR

Grand Canyon

TKPWRAPBD KAPB KWROPB

have a

SRA

have been

SR-B

how many

HOUPL

in a

TPHA*EU

know the

TPHO*ET

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

may be

PHA*EUB

millions of

PHOEUFPBS

millions of

PHOEUFPBS

more than

PH-RPB

Niagara

TPHAOEU AG RA

no one

TPHOEUPB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

she is

SHES

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

that you

THAU

think of

THEUF

to be

TOB

to have

TOF

very, very

SRE SRE

when you

WHU

years old

KWRAERLDZ

you are

R*U

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

you think

UPBG

Text

How old are you? Are you nine years old? You may think you are getting old now that you are nine.

How old is your mother? I suppose you think she is quite old. She may even be thirty-five years old.

How old is your grandfather? Is he more than a half-century old? A half-century is fifty years. I suppose you think of your grandfather as really getting old.

Few people live to be a century old. That is one hundred years. Very few people live to have a hundred birthdays.

How many birthdays do you think our earth has had? You may be surprised when you learn that no one knows just how many birthdays our earth has had. But you won't be quite so surprised about it when you learn that our earth has had millions of birthdays.

Yes, the earth is millions of years old. It is older than any person living upon it. It is older than any animal living upon it. It is older than any tree living upon it. The earth is millions and millions of years old.

If you stop to think a bit, you know the earth must be very old. As you look out of your school room window, can you see a hill or a valley and a river? Perhaps you live where you can see mountains. Or your home may be near great waterfalls or canyons.

What can you see from your school room window that helps you to know the earth is very, very old? Remember that it takes many years for trees to grow big and tall.

It takes centuries to make mountains. River valleys are not made in a hurry. The waters of the Colorado River have taken centuries to make the Grand Canyon. The falls on the Niagara River have been wearing away rocks for many, many years.

Are there any large rocks near your school? They tell you that the earth is very old. In some places rocks were left by a great ice sheet that once covered the earth. The ice sheet came down the northern part of our country, many, many centuries ago. It left many rocks.

33.2.472 Building a Playhouse

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

cellophane

SEL TPAEUPB

for the

TP-RT

playhouse

PHRAEU HOUS

playmate

PHRAEU PHAEUT

real

RAEL

she said

SHEBS

there is

THR-LGS

to find

TOFPBD

went to

TWOEPBT

Text

One morning Susan and her playmates decided to build a playhouse. Each child went to find something for it. Susan brought some cardboard. Jack got some long boards for a floor. Dick brought a hammer and a box of nails. Mary found some cellophane. "I'm sure there is enough for one window," she said. "I'll look for more,"

"Let's make a lock for the front door," said Susan. "We want a real little house."

33.2.473 How to Win Friends

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

appearance

PAOERPBS

can remember

K-RPL

chance to

TKHAOPBS

easy to

TOEZ

everyone can

KEFRPB

friendly

TPREPBLD

Greene

TKPWRAO*EPB

he said

HEBS

I think

KWREUBG

in a

TPHA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

that is

THAS

them to

THOEUPL

to feel

TOFL

Text

Ralph Greene was the leader of the Friday meeting of the Helpers' Club. He said, "I think that it is easy to win friends on the may ground. Never strike or tease your playmates. At recess don't choose only your best friends for a game. Give everyone a chance to share your fun. Always speak to new pupils and invite them to play. Help them to feel at home in a strange place."

Hazel Reed said, "I think a neat, pleasant appearance helps you to gain friends. I like to see clothing that is not torn and dirty. Every girl can remember to comb her hair. Everyone can greet others with a cheerful smile and a friendly hello."

33.2.474 The Date Palm

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

as long

SHRO*PBG

as long as

SHROPBGS

as many

SPHAEPB

as many as

SPHAEPBS

from the

TPR-T

gather the

TKPWAERT

in the

TPH-T

is about

SPW

is to

STO

it has

T-Z

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

there are

THR-R

think of

THEUF

to the

TOT

used in

TPHAOUFD

years old

KWRAERLDZ

Text

The date palm is as important to the natives of Arabia as wheat or corn is to our farmers.

Dates grow in big bunches of about two hundred, and there are many bunches hanging on each tree. The date palm bears dates from the time it is about eight years old until it has reached the great age of one hundred years.

Natives gather the fresh dates when they are ripe. Each date is golden brown in color, about as as long as your biggest finger in size, soft with some juice, and very good to bite into. Some hungry men have eaten as many as five or six pounds of dates a day. The seeds are ground into food for cattle, and the trunk of the tree is used in building houses.

The next time you buy a package of dried dates, think of how they once hung high on one of the most useful trees in the world.

33.2.475 A Last Look at Mr. Barnacle

Selected Words

at a

T*A

because of

PWAUFS

he was

EFS

I think

KWREUBG

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

out of

OUFT

put it

TPUT

should be

SHOB

some of

SPHOF

there is

THR-LGS

there were

THR-RP

they should

THERBD

think of

THEUF

through the

THRUT

to believe

TOBL

too long

TAOPBG

what a

WHA*

what you

WHAU

when the

WHEPBT

when you

WHU

which is

WEUS

will not

HR-PBLT

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

you should

URBD

you will

HR*U

you would

ULD

Text

It is well to know all you can about barnacles, for you will see them wherever you go by the seaside.

If you study them, you will not, like the fisherman, believe foolish things about them, and refuse to believe true things.

Will it not be pleasant to think of what you know of their story? When you see an acorn barnacle fast to a stone, you can think of the days when he was young and went sailing about. I wonder if he calls those days "the old good times!"

When you see a stem barnacles swinging in the water, you can think of what a good time he is having, fishing with his pretty feet.

The name of the Barnacle Family means curl-feet, from this fine, curly plume, which is his fish-net. The stemless ones also have, from their shape, a name which means acorn.

These acorn shells can live out of water for a few hours at a time. When the tide is low, many of them are left high and dry. But if they should be out of water too long, they will die for want of food and water. Perhaps, also, the dry heat of the air kills them.

If you wish to study them for yourselves, take home a stone, shell, or stick, with some of them on it. Put it in a bowl of seawater. Soon they will open their shells and begin fishing.

Those barnacles which grow fast to living fish, sharks, or whales, bury their heads and tubes in the skins of these animals.

The barnacles that make the most trouble are those which fasten upon the outside of ships. The bottoms of ships are often covered with barnacles. They make the hull of the ship rough and heavy. That hinders its motion through the water.

In such a case the ship must be put into a dry dock. There it is scraped clean. Because of this trouble and waiting, sailors dislike barnacles. They often say that they wish there were none.

In some parts of the world there is a large kind of barnacles. People eat these as we eat oysters or mussels.

You need not expect to see the young barnacles swimming about in the water. They are very tiny creatures, of the shape of an apple seed. If you should see them, I think you would never guess what they are.

33.2.476 Keeping Cool

Selected Words

before the

PW-FRT

clothing

KHRO*EGT

cotton

KO*PBT

in the

TPH-T

nearly

TPHAOERL

ready to

TKRAOE

that is

THAS

they were

THERP

when the

WHEPBT

you would

ULD

Text

The cotton plant grows in the South. The seed is planted in the spring. It is nearly half a year before the cotton is ready to pick. When the cotton is ripe, the fields look as if they were covered with snow. You would like to visit the South then.

During the hot summer months many people keep cool by wearing thin cotton clothing. Clothing that is light in color is better than dark clothing for summer wear.

33.2.477 A Paper Shadow

Selected Words

as soon as

S-PBS

as you

AUZ

can you

KU

in the

TPH-T

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

schoolroom

SKAOL RAO*PL

will be

HR-B

Text

These children are making a shadow out of paper. They will put the paper shadow upon the wall of the schoolroom.

Try this on a sunny day. Cut out one shadow as soon as you reach school in the morning. Cut out another shadow at noon.

Which shadow will be longer? Can you tell why?

33.2.478 In a Great City

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

engine

TPH-PBLG

factory

TPABGT REU

garage

TKPWRAPBLG

got a

TKPWAOEUT

he said

HEBS

in a

TPHA*EU

machinery

PH-PB REU

Montreal

PHOPB TRAOEL

museum

PHAOUPL

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

when the

WHEPBT

Text

When the Browns reached Montreal, Father were tired of drive. He put the car in a garage near the hotel. Then he said, "We'll change our clothes and go for a bus trip through the city." On their ride the Browns passed an art museum and a big football field. They saw steel mills and meat-packing plants. They saw shops where steam engines and electric motors are built and a factory where farm machinery and farm tools are made.

Next day Betty Mother went to the stores. Betty got a present for her cousin and Mother bought a silver pin.

33.2.479 The Solid Part of the Earth

Selected Words

a lot

HROELT

a lot of

HROEFLT

about the

PW-T

at the

TE

back to

TPWAOBG

brought up

PWROUP

Chicago

KH*EU

earth is

S*ERT

have been

SR-B

he knows

H*EPBS

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is an

SA*PB

is like

SHRAOEUBG

know about

TPHOEBT

land in

TPHRAPBD

lot of

HROFT

may have

PHAEUF

may have been

PHAEUFB

middle of

PH*EUFLD

Moscow

PHOS KOU

no one

TPHOEUPB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

part of the

PAFRT

return to

TROURPB

Shanghai

SHAPBG HAOEU

that are

THAR

that the

THAT

there are

THR-R

they cannot

THEBG TPHOT

they said

THEBS

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

what a

WHA*

what the

WHA*T

which are

KH-R

you ever

UFR

Text

The land, or solid part of the earth, is our home. We build our houses upon the land. We work in the fields and raise the food we eat. We build churches and stores and schools upon the land part of the earth.

Long ago men were afraid to go very far from land. Great tales were told of the dangers of the sea. People thought that horrible monsters waited out there to gobble them up. If one went far enough, they said one would come to the edge of the earth and fall off.

We take many sea journeys now. Thousands of boats travel far and wide over the great water parts of our earth. Big ships carry tea and rubber, wool and silk from one country to another.

Now many people fly over the land in great airplanes. They go from Moscow to Chicago, and from London to Shanghai. But these mighty machines must return to the land part of the earth. They cannot stay in the sky forever. They bring their passengers and mail back to the land.

We live at the surface, or top part, of the land. Although man has lived upon the surface of the land for many years, he knows very little about what the inside of the earth is like.

Probably no one has ever dug deeper than ten miles down inside the earth. Our deepest mines are less than five miles deep. We get gold and silver, coal and iron from these mines under the surface of the land.

Oil wells have been drilled deeper than mines. Scientists study the rocks that are brought up from drilling the deep oil wells.

Scientists now know something about the inside of the earth. Still, much of the inside of the earth remains a mystery.

You may have been told strange things about theed in of the earth. People used to think the inside of the earth was a huge fire. They thought so because they saw fire and smoke shooting from some mountains. They sometimes saw hot water shoot out of the earth, too.

Scientists now tell us that the inside of the earth is firm, or rigid. They tell us the inside of the earth is heavy. The outside parts of the earth press against the inside of the earth. The inside parts press against each other. This causes great pressure down inside the earth.

Remember that the earth is eight thousand miles thick. What a lot of pressure there must be on the middle of the earth!

The inside of the earth is very hot. Sometimes it is hot enough to melt the minerals which are down inside the earth. These melted minerals often flow under the surface of the earth. They flow into cracks in the rocks down there.

Have you heard of volcanoes? A volcanoes an opening in the earth where hot melted rock and gases burst through the surface. The hot rock is called lava.

Have you ever seen a geyser? There are many geysers in Yellowstone Park. A geyser is an opening in the earth where hot water from inside the earth shoots up into the air.

Both volcanoes and geysers help scientists to know about the heat and pressure down inside the earth.

33.2.480 Air Pressure Helps Us

Selected Words

a lot

HROELT

a lot of

HROEFLT

as the

SAZ

because of

PWAUFS

because of the

PWAUFTS

can you

KU

even in

TPHAOEPB

from the

TPR-T

hold up

HOUP

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is not

S-PBLT

lot of

HROFT

lots of

HROFTS

more than

PH-RPB

motor

PHOERT

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

so fast

SOFZ

so the

SOT

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

we say

WEBZ

what happens

WHAPS

when the

WHEPBT

when you

WHU

where the

W-RT

with your

WUR

you can

UBG

you ever

UFR

Text

Even in olden days men made use of air pressure. They made sailboats that the moving air, called wind, pushed across the seas. They built large windmills and let the wind pump the water for them.

Today we use the pressure of air to help us fly our airplanes and gliders. We build airplane wings of this shape:

When an airplane is flying, the air pressure on the top of the wing is not as great as the air pressure under the wing. So the pressure of the air under the wing helps to push the airplane up.

Parachutes use air pressure, too. When a pilot jumps from his plane he pulleds a cord to open the parachute. The air pressure on the under surface of the open parachute is greater than it is on the top surface because of the speed of falling. So the flier floats gently down to the ground.

Your mother makes use of air pressure in the vacuum cleaner. The motor in the cleaner pulls most of the air out of the inside of the cleaner. The pressure of the air on the outside of the cleaner is strong. Air rushes into the dust bag so fast that it takes dirt, bits of paper, and other things with it.

Have you a fountain pen? When you fill the pen, you make use of air pressure. A rubber tube inside the pen holds the ink. When you press the lever on the pen, you force air out of the rubber tube. Now when you put the pen into the ink bottle and take your hand away from the lever, the air pressing on the ink in the bottle forces ink into the rubber tube.

Try some experiments with a medicine dropper. See if you can explain what happens when you press on the rubber bulb. Can you make water come up into the dropper? Why does water come up into the dropper? Does air pressure help you to explain how a medicine dropper works?

Did you ever blow your breath into a paper bag? The bag got big and hard. Then when you hit the bag with your hand, it broke and made a big bang.

What you did was to blow a lot of air into the bag. You pressed a lot of air close together inside the bag. You really made compressed air. When the bag broke, the air rushed out so fast it made a loud noise.

We use compressed air in many ways. We pump air into the tires of our car. We say we compress the air into our automobile tires. That means that we push lots of air into a small space.

Compressed air presses even more than air that is not compressed. It makes the tires hard enough to hold up the weight of the car. Your bicycle tires are hard when they are filled with compressed air.

Men who dig tunnels under rivers make use of compressed air. They work in huge tubes of compressed air. The compressed air is so strong it keeps the water from coming into the tubes where the men are digging.

Have you ever noticed this sign on the back of big trucks?

Danger

Air Brakes

These brakes work with compressed air. They stop the car very quickly.

33.2.481 Untitled

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

Text

The other day, as I drove along a country road, I saw some men standing in the stream below the bridge. Another man drove some sheep into the water, and the men washed them, holding them between their knees. Then they turned them into a clean pasture and let them dry. The next time I saw those sheep each had lost its pretty fleece.

33.2.482 Peter Becomes a Hero

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and did

TKAPBD

and he

SKPE

as fast as

STPAFTS

for the

TP-RT

from a

TPRA*

from the

TPR-T

he remembered

HERPLD

in a

TPHA*EU

Jimmie

SKWREUPL AO*E

we have

SWRAOE

Text

One day when Pete's team was playing baseball, the boys suddenly heard a cry from the lake. A little boy with curly hair had wandered out beyond the shallow water. Pete had studied lifesaving, and he remembered what to do. He threw off his sweater, kicked off his shoes, and raised for the lake as fast as possible. Then he swam to little Jimmie, caught him in a tight grasp, and made straight for the shore. He laid Jimmie face downward, turned his head to one side, stretched his apples above his head, and gave first aid. "You kept calm and did just what we have shown you how to do," said the camp nurse.

One day the blaze from a fire caught a boy's clothes. Pete prevented a worse accident by quickly rolling the boy in a blanket. "Rescue Pete," the boys called him.

33.2.483 Uncle Ben and His Friends

Selected Words

can you

KU

for the

TP-RT

happen

HAP

happened to

THAOPD

is a

SA*EU

is an

SA*PB

on the

OPBT

rooster

RAOFRT

Shep

-

to the

TOT

what happened

WHAPD

when the

WHEPBT

Text

The farm is a busy place on a morning in March or April. Uncle Ben gets up when the old rooster crows.

As he walks toward the barn, Shep comes running to meet him. A gray goose and her dozen babies follow behind. Uncle Ben likes his animals and doesn't chase them away.

Inside the barn the animals are waiting for breakfast. Uncle Ben has a bottle of milk in his pocket for the baby lamb. One morning when set a bucket of milk on the floor, a calf stuck his nose into it. Can you guess what happened to the milk?

33.2.484 Summer at Bar Q

Selected Words

allowed

HRO*UD

allowed to

THRO*UD

as an

SA*EPB

at the

TE

Boy Scout

PWOEU SKOUT

Boy Scouts

PWOEU SKOUTS

do the

TKO*T

exercise

KPERZ

have a

SRA

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

it up

TUP

of course

-FBG

of the

-FT

old and

SKPOELD

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

that the

THAT

there is

THR-LGS

to be

TOB

while the

WHAOEULT

with the

W-T

Text

One of the Boy Scout troops in the West has a flying eagle as its emblem. These scouts all think that the best summer camp is the one up at the Bar Q Ranch, where each scout regards it as an honor to be allowed to spend two weeks.

Horseback riding is, of course, the most exciting sport at this ranch. The fact that some of the horses are old and slow is not noticed by the new riders.

The scouts get up with the sun, stand at attention while the flag is being raised, do their setting-up exercises and then have a good hot breakfast. They gather wood for fires and chop it up with an axe, prepare and cook food for meals and clear up afterwards. They make their own beds and do their own washing in a mountain stream. Still there is time for reading, talking, hobbies, playing games, and often a hike up the mountain trail.

The boy scouts at Bar Q learn respect for their country, for each other, and for themselves.

33.2.485 The Liquid Part of the Earth

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

are not

R-PBLT

as you

AUZ

at the

TE

believe that

TPWHRAEF

center of the

STR-FT

could not

KOPBLT

did not

TKEUPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

does that

TKHAOS

earth is

S*ERT

from the

TPR-T

if the

TP-T

if you

TPU

in order

TPHORD

in the

TPH-T

is no

STPHO

is not

S-PBLT

it has

T-Z

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

part of the

PAFRT

so long

SHROPBG

so much

SOFP

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

that the

THAT

there is

THR-LGS

they do

TKHOE

think about

THEUBT

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

to you

TOU

up to

TOUP

very much

SR-FP

which can

KH-BG

would be

WOB

would find

WOUFPBD

you could

UBGD

you think

UPBG

you would

ULD

Text

Look carefully at your globe. Find the four great oceans. These oceans make up most of the water part of the earth.

About three fourths of the surface of the earth is water. Does that seem true to you as you look at the water parts on your globe?

You can really see only the surface of the water of oceans and lakes. They have filled in great valleys of the earth's surface. You would find that the bottom of the ocean is not level. It has great hills and deep valleys.

But even the oceans are not very deep. They do not reach far down toward the center of the earth. Men who have measured the oceans believe that the deepest parts are only about six miles deep. If you think about the whole distance through the earth, six miles is nothing at all.

These great bodies of water are very important, because they help to make many of the land parts of the earth more comfortable places to live upon. Water warms and cools more slowly than land. In summer many of the land parts of the earth would be very much hotter than they are if the winds from the water parts did not cool them.

In the winter some of the land parts of the earth would become very much colder than they do if the winds from the water did not warm them. It is very good that so much of the earth's surface is covered with water. It makes our earth a more comfortable place upon which to live.

Water not only helps us to be comfortable; indeed it keeps us alive. All living things, both plants and animals, need water in order to live. You could go without food for quite a few days, but you could not go without water for so long a time.

Some plants need more water than other plants. Some animals need more water than other animals. There is no plant and no animal which can live without water.

The water of oceans, lakes, and rivers is not the only water upon the earth. Down beneath the surface of the earth there is water, too. Some of this water comes up to the surface as springs. Some of it shoots out as geysers. In some places the water flows along in rivers under the ground and does not come to the surface of the earth. Much of the water gets into tiny holes in the rocks. It moves quite slowly.

33.2.486 Bees

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and he

SKPE

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

goes into

TKPWHAOS

I was

EUFS

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

morning and

SKPHORPBG

nectar

TPHEBGT/A*R

of the

-FT

pollen

PHREPB

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

to its

TOEUTS

when the

WHEPBT

Text

Bees are busy, useful insects. They begin to work early in the morning and fly from flower to flower. They go deep into the blossoms, gathering the sweet nectar.

When a bee goes into a flower, some of the yellow dust called pollen sticks to its legs. Not all the pollen will shake off. Then when the bee goes into another flower, the pollen rubs off there and helps to make seeds.

Mrs. Lane said, "The bees were in my rows garden yesterday. I was afraid they might sting me, but no bee has hurt me yet."

33.2.487 Around the World in Your Geography

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and find

SKP-FPBD

any of

TPHEUF

enjoy

TPHOEUPBLG

from a

TPRA*

geography

SKWRAOEF

he can

K*E

he has

HEZ

how many

HOUPL

know about

TPHOEBT

know the

TPHO*ET

learn about

PWHRERPB

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

of the

-FT

part of the

PAFRT

things are

THREUPBGS

to the

TOT

who has

WHO*Z

would you

WOU

Text

A child who has never studied geography does not know how many interesting things are waiting for him to enjoy. He has only to open the book and read the words to learn about every part of the great world in which he lives.

He can cross a river, or a deep lake, or any of the seven seas. He can travel to the far North to look at icebergs and houses built of snow. He can go to the warm countries where fruit and vegetables grow big under a blue sky and a hot sun. He can walk through a dark forest or climb a high mountain. These things and many more he can do from a chair -- his legs need never have moved!

Would you like to know about different plants and animals, about rain and wind, about trains and ships? Would you like to know the names of the world's great cities and rivers and where they are? Turn to a good geography and find out. It's fun!

33.2.488 Untitled

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and had

SKP-D

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

zebra

SAO*E PWRA

Zoe

SO*E WAOE

zoo

SAO*

Text

Zoe and Jean went to the Zoo. They saw camels, tigers, elephants, and a zebra with its pretty stripes.

About what they liked best of all was the large cage of monkeys.

They fed them with peanuts, and had fun watching their queer antics.

33.2.489 Lost

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and were

SKP-RP

at the

TE

avenue

AEF

back to

TPWAOBG

could find

KOUFPBD

foreign

TPOERPB

I said

EUBS

in a

TPHA*EU

into the

TPHAOT

is no

STPHO

it was

T-FS

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

Napoleon

TPHA POL KWROPB

No.

TPHOFPLT

of a

AEUF

on the

OPBT

should be

SHOB

so far

STPAR

there is

THR-LGS

to find

TOFPBD

Toronto

TROPB TO

we are

WER

we could

WEBGD

we should

WERBD

we were

WERP

where the

W-RT

Text

It was a rainy night and we were in a foreign land trying to find an unknown woman whose name and address were written on a small white card: "Mme. Roget, 69 Rue Napoleon, near Ave. Clichy."

"Let's look at the map again," said Betty. "We've walked so far -- we must have gone the wrong way."

We darted into the first shelter we could find -- the doorway of a small shop with one faint light in its window. Betty lowered the umbrella while I tried to read the map. Yes, we had taken the wrong turning a little while ago, and were now on an avenue near the river where the map showed there had been a ford.

"Here's where we are," I said, "and we should be up here." We set out again, found the right turning halfway back to our hotel, and finally reached the Rue Napoleon. "Why, this looks like Queen St. in Toronto," said Betty, "and there is No. 69 right on the corner. I hope they're at home."

33.2.490 Old Letters

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all of

A*UFL

and was

SKP-FS

as hard as

SHA*RDZ

get so

STKPWOET

I think

KWREUBG

I wanted

EUPTD

like it

THRAOEUBG

men and women

SKPHEB/WEUPL

of the

-FT

on that

THAOPB

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

out to

TPOUT

she was

SHEFS

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

when I

WHEU

when she

SWHE

years old

KWRAERLDZ

Text

Once I found some old letters my grandma wrote when she was a little girl seven years old. She was on a trip to the country and was writing home to her mother.

In one letter she wrote: "I went down to the clay bank today with Uncle John. I wanted to get some clay to make doll dishes. I need new dishes because the dog jumped on mine and broke almost all of mine."

In one of the other letters she wrote: "Uncle John took me out to the fields yesterday to see the men and women plant cotton. I never saw anything like it, Mother. Hundreds of men and women and even some children working until dark! I think it might kill me to work as hard as that."

I laughed when I read this letter, because I knew that Grandma grew up to be a big, strong woman who worked hard on that same farm for many years.

33.2.491 Who Was “Major C?”

Selected Words

a lot

HROELT

as a

SA*Z

between the

TWAOEPBT

have been

SR-B

he was

EFS

I can

AOEUBG

I could

EUBGD

I have

SREU

I have no idea

EUFPBD

I know

KWR-PB

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is it

ST

know about

TPHOEBT

New Orleans

TPHORLS

of a

AEUF

on the

OPBT

that are

THAR

that I

THAEU

the States

-T STA*EUTS

there is

THR-LGS

to find

TOFPBD

to me

TPHE

to me that

which is

WEUS

who he

WHO*E

Text

"Major C" is my favorite mystery. I picked him up in a tiny, dark shop in New Orleans, and now he hangs on the wall above my desk. I have no idea who he is, for he is only a small miniature, painted in colors that are still bright. Across the back is written "Major C, Drum Corps".

"Major C" was young when this miniature was painted, and there is a frank, boyish smile on his handsome face. In his hand is a long sword with a gold hilt. How clean and shining the blade is!

That is all I know about him -- or is it? His blue uniform suggests the side to which he made his pledge in the war between the States. I know his rank. He must have been a success as a major, because he was the holder of a military decoration, which is painted on his breast. He is so real to me that I can almost see him give the signal to his drummer boy to begin the rat-tat-tat of his drum.

I wish I knew how to find his family so that I could return him to his rightful heirs. He'd be worth a lot to them -- but how I'd miss "Major C".

33.2.492 Little Brother

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and I

SKPEU

and the

SKP-T

at the

TE

for the

TP-RT

Grandma

TKPWRAPBD PHA

grandpa

TKPWRAPBD PA

he said

HEBS

he was

EFS

in a

TPHA*EU

into the

TPHAOT

it up

TUP

of a

AEUF

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

should be

SHOB

that was

THAFS

to the

TOT

we think

WEPBG

went into

TPWHAOEPBT

went to

TWOEPBT

Text

My little brother Billy always got into trouble at Grandpa's farm. One day Grandma was burning trash in a safe place she had for bonfires. Billy ran with two pails of dirt and put out the fire!

Another day Grandpa and I went to the old well to draw water. I turned the handle, which turned the beam with a squeak like the noise of a rusty gate. A long rope, with a wooden bucket on a hook at the end of it, reached to the bottom of the well. As I turned the handle the rope wound around the beam, and the bucket came to the top. When Grandpa reached for the bucket, he saw corncobs fleeting in it! We decided to let the bucket down and hall it up again. More cobs! Then we saw Billy, just as he was starting to throw more corncobs into the well. "I'm helping you get rid of your cobs before they spoil," he said to Grandpa.

Later we went into the house, where Grandma had two buckets of fresh cider and plenty of cookies Billy got just a small glass of cider, but that was because he was only a little boy. Little fellows like Billy make us laugh, but sometimes we think Billy should be tide up tight -- with chains!

33.2.493 The Secret Tunnel

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and a

SKPA

and I

SKPEU

back to

TPWAOBG

basement

PWAEUFPLT

down the

TKOUPBT

from the

TPR-T

had not

H-PBLT

he said

HEBS

I am

KWRAEUPL

I was

EUFS

in an

in the

TPH-T

some of

SPHOF

supposed

SPOEFD

supposed to

STPOEFD

that I

THAEU

that I was

THAEUFS

there is

THR-LGS

they were

THERP

to be

TOB

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

tunnel

TUPBL

which had

KH-D

who had

WHOD

who were

WHORP

Wolfe

WO*FL

Text

I was to spend Christmas vacation at my uncle's house in the country. He had just bought an old stone house which had been a famous inn two hundred years before.

I had hardly arrived before Uncle said: "John, there is supposed to be a secret tunnel under this house, where some of Wolfe's brave soldiers hid from the French. They were prisoners who had escaped and who were trying to get back to their own army."

I was so excited that when dinner was finished, Uncle and I went down to the basement and searched for an opening in the stone walls. I am proud to say that I was the one to find a loose stone. I pushed on it, and a hidden door swung open. There before us was a dark tunnel. My hand shook a little as I lighted my matches. We walked down the long stone tunnel and found its end in an old well that had not been used for many years.

Uncle was as excited as I was. "John," he said, "some queer characters have gone through here in years past!"

33.2.494 Untitled

Selected Words

Daisy

TKAEUZ KWREU

in the

TPH-T

orchard

OFRPB ARD

Text

Here is Harry with his pet rabbits. They are out in the yard.

Fanny and Daisy live next door, and like to watch them.

See how funny they look as they nibble the clover Harry has picked in the orchard.

He has only three rabbits now. He had five, but he gave one to a lady, and another was killed by Daisy's kitty.

Harry was very sorry when he found his bunny dead.

33.2.495 To London by Airplane

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

believe that

TPWHRAEF

excitement

KPAOEUPLT

hasn't

HAFPBT

in a

TPHA*EU

it's a

TAEUS

more than

PH-RPB

of the

-FT

Paris

PA*EURS

she could

SHEBGD

she said

SHEBS

that the

THAT

to the

TOT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

Text

The Howes wanted to hurry to London, so they went by airplane from Paris. Mary had never been up in a plane. She could almost hear her heart beat and her knees felt just a little weak. The roar of the engine added to the excitement. Inside the plane the noise was not loud and Mary forgot her fear.

Before long Mary could see the smoke of the city. She couldn't believe that the trip was almost over. "It hasn't been more than three hours since we left the hotel in Paris," she said.

Jack replied, "Yes, it's a short trip that we shall always remember."

33.2.496 Labor Day

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and have

SKP-F

had had

H-D

have a

SRA

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

instead of

STPHEFD

labor

HRAEUB

Labor Day

HRAEUB TKAEU

number

TPHUPL

number of

TPHUFPL

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

pioneers

PAOEU/TPHAOERS

there is

THR-LGS

to the

TOT

Text

On Labor Day a large number of workers have a holiday. Unless it is rainy, grand parades are held, and often there is dancing in the streets.

Last year Jim was taken to the parade by his father. He enjoyed seeing their neighbor, Mr. Smith, who rode in a truck. Mr. Smith had had someone print a sign, which he hung on the truck. "If he lets that sign touch the ground," said Jim, "he may tear it."

"How different the life of workers is today from that of the pioneers!" said Jim's father. "Instead of a log cabin, with a garden patch for growing food and a candle for light, they have good homes, electric lights, neighbors, and shops. They earn mon money and have more comforts."

33.2.497 Lonesome Journey

Selected Words

all of

A*UFL

all of a sudden

TP-FS

during the

TKURGT

how it

THOU

if the

TP-T

in a

TPHA*EU

it was

T-FS

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

North Pole

TPHO*RT POEL

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

ready to

TKRAOE

would be

WOB

Text

The mail plain was flying low on its journey across the wide Western plains. Tonight the miles of flat country below were wrapped in a thick covering of ice and snow. As Jim looked down, he wondered if the North Pole itself might look something like this.

Carrying a great pack of mail all by himself was a lonesome kind of job. Yet Jim kept on doing it year after year.

He wondered how it would be to live down there on one of those farms, with no neighbor nearer than fifty miles away. It was either snow and cold winds, which drove you indoors all winter, or else dry heat and thousands of insects during the whole summer. Well, he supposed a man became lonesome there, too!

Ahead Jim saw the lights of the airport. There held find warmth and friends and plenty of food. Slowly he circled his airplane around twice and got ready to land. Then all of a sudden, it seemed, the long journey was over.

33.2.498 When You Saw Santa Claus

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

because it

TPWAUS

going to

TKPW*GS

is going

STKPW-G

it was

T-FS

Santa Claus

SKHRAUZ

to have

TOF

to me

TPHE

what he

WHAE

what she

SWHAE

when you

WHU

Text

When Bobby was a little boy, he liked to have his mother tell him about Santa Claus. "Tell me about the time when you saw him last, Mother," Bobby said.

When Bobby got in bed, his mother would tell what she saw.

"Tell what he had on," said Bobby, and his mother would tell him.

"Now tell what he is going to bring to me this Christmas," said Bobby.

Mother said, "A dog!" because it was a dog that Bobby wanted.

33.2.499 The Captain’s Ghost

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and I

SKPEU

at the

TE

for the

TP-RT

from a

TPRA*

from the

TPR-T

I could

EUBGD

I didn't

KWREUPBT

I was

EUFS

I would

EULD

if I

TPEU

in a

TPHA*EU

is the

S-T

it be

T-B

left it

THREFT

Nova Scotia

TPHOE SRA SKOE SHA

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

tavern

TAFRPB

that I

THAEU

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

wharf

WA*FR

when I

WHEU

with the

W-T

years ago

KWRAOERGS

Text

In a little seacoast town in Nova Scotia stands an old tavern. Up a narrow flight of stairs is the Captain's room, furnished as he left it sixty years ago.

I happened upon the tavern one summer when I was on a motor trip, and I decided to stay there for the night. Sitting by the fireplace with the other tourists after supper, I heard the tale of the Cat and his telescope, through which he used to peer down at the wharf from the roof of the tavern. On his last trip he tried to dock in a terrible storm, and his ship was dashed to pieces on the rocks. When I heard his room was haunted, I exclaimed that I would sleep there, if I could digest the fried eggs I'd eaten!

At midnight I retired to the Cat's room and slept peacefully until four, when I suddenly woke up and smelled sulfur burning. Could it be from a sulfur match? Just then I heard the closet door close with a faint click. I sprang out of bed and lighted the lamp. Was it the Captain's ghost? Well, I didn't sleep anymore that night!

33.2.500 We Use Air

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

above the

PWOFT

all the

AULT

amount of

AFPLT

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

are also

R-LS

at the

TE

carbon dioxide

KOEUBGS

do not

TKPHOT

have you

SRU

Have you ever

SRUFR

in a

TPHA*EU

in all

TPHAUL

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

learned that

THRAERPBD

moving in

TPHOFG

no one

TPHOEUPB

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

that is

THAS

that the

THAT

there would

THR-LD

they do

TKHOE

they were

THERP

to the

TOT

too much

TAOFP

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

very, very

SRE SRE

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

we have

SWRAOE

without it

TWOUT

you could

UBGD

you ever

UFR

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

You know how important air is. You breathe air. You could live only a few minutes without it.

All animals need air. Even the fish that live in the water breathe air. They breathe air that is mixed in the water. Frogs and turtles come to the top of the water to breathe air. Have you ever seen them stick their heads up above the water? They are breathing air when they do this.

We make use of moving air in our homes. The moving air helps to keep us comfortable. Some homes have fans in the heating system. These fans keep air moving in all the rooms of the house.

When we go to bed at night, we open our windows. Many people open their windows a little at the top and a little at the bottom. The lighter warm air is pushed out of the open window at the top.

People used to think that the amount of oxygen in the air was very, very important. No one wanted to stay long in a closed room. They were afraid that there would soon be too little oxygen and too much carbon dioxide in the room. Today scientists tell us that we do not need to fear the carbon dioxide in the air. We must have oxygen, but we have learned that the moisture, the temperature, and the movement of air are also important.

33.2.501 Farm Chores

Selected Words

furniture

TPURPBT

and he

SKPE

and the

SKP-T

and to

TAOPBD

change it

TKHAEUPBG

do the

TKO*T

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

he was

EFS

he would

ELD

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

it was

T-FS

living room

HR*R

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

over it

TOEFR

she were

SHERP

that a

THA*

there was

THR-FS

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

vinegar

SREUPB TKPWAR

would have

WOUF

Text

It was Saturday morning in the spring. Mother and Father had driven off in the truck early to do the week's marketing and to buy the chicken feed. Betty was left at home to do the chores indoors while her brother Ben harrowed the south field. As she glanced out of the window and saw Ben harness the grays by the barn door, she wished she were a boy. Then Ben came up to the house and told her that a disc was broken on the harrow and he would have to change it. If her work was finished when he was ready, she might ride on Bess!

Betty did her chores like lightning. First she had to wipe and put away the breakfast dishes. Then she had to mop the kitchen floor. In the living room she had to sweep the floor with a broom and rub wax over it and dust the furniture with a clean rag. Last of all, there was the cabbage to be sliced for dinner, the onions to be chopped, and the vinegar and sugar to be measured. All was ready for Mother to cook. Then Ben whistled, and taking a sweater to wrap around herself, Betty ran out into the sunshine.

33.2.502 Windmill Land

Selected Words

are the

R-T

coffee

KOEF

colonies

KOL TPHEUS

could have

KOUF

dike

TKAO*EUBG

Dutch

TKUFP

found that

TPHAOUPBD

if you

TPU

is the

S-T

land is

SHRAPBD

made of

PHAEFD

of the

-FT

principal

PRAL

produce

PROU

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

than the

THAPBT

these are

THAOERS

they could

THEBGD

went to

TWOEPBT

will be

HR-B

you would

ULD

Text

Land which lies lower than the sea must be protected against water, or it will be flooded most of the time. Such a piece of land is the country of the Dutch. To keep out the sea they have built steep walls around their coast -- walls made of earth and stones and huge wooden piles. These walls are called dikes. The Dutch found that, by digging canals and pumping out the water by means of wind mills, they could keep the heavy rains from flooding the land.

Only a careful, hard-working thrifty people like the Dutch could have made land like this produce such fine crops. The Dutch are famous not only for their crops but also for their cheese, eggs, butter and meat. These are the principal things they trade with other Chris and with their own colonies. Some of the things they get in return are coffee, cocoa, iron, coal, wheat, corn, and lumber.

Sailboats, wooden shoes, wide, white caps, red-cheeked children, clean and shining houses, and miles of flat pasture land -- all these you would see if you went to Holland.

33.2.503 Enemies of Sunfish

Selected Words

do you

TKOU

easy to

TOEZ

grown up

TKPWRUP

if people

TPAOEPL

in the

TPH-T

of the

-FT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

that are

THAR

too many

TAOPL

will be

HR-B

you think

UPBG

Text

Who do you think are some of the enemies of sunfish? Many water birds eat sunfish before they are grown up. Some water insects eat the young fish, too.

Boys and men like to catch sunfish. Sunfish are easy to catch. They are small but they are very good to eat.

Many, many sunfish live on, in the waters. Most people try to catch fish that are bigger than sunfish. So there will be enough sunfish, if people are careful not to take too many.

33.2.504 After the Crash

Selected Words

and could

SKP-BGD

and the

SKP-T

for the

TP-RT

going to

TKPW*GS

had a

HA

he said

HEBS

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

New Brunswick

TPHU PWRUPBS WEUBG

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

telephone

T-FPB

this is

TH-S

through the

THRUT

Text

Jim and his co-pilot, Bob, crawled out of the ruined plane. Jim was not hurt and Bob had nothing worse than a sore thumb. The men found themselves in hilly, wooded country near the eastern coast of New Brunswick. It was dark and cold and windy, and the ground was covered with icy snow. By flashlight they followed a trail through the woods, sometimes stumbling over roots and stones.

Before long they came to a log cabin with a "For Rent" sign on the door. "Well, this is rented for the night," laughed Jim, trying the locked door. He found a ladder in the woodshed, and they climbed in by a window.

The cabin was damp inside, but Bob soon had a fire going and could remove his jacket. The sleeves were stiff with ice and the buttons seemed frozen. Bob searched the cupboard for food and found a box of crackers and some coffee. Jim filled a pan with snow. "When this melts," he said, "I'm going to make some coffee."

After a comfortable night the men hiked to a nearby town, where they reported the accident by telephone.

33.2.505 Bumblebees

Selected Words

do not

TKPHOT

for the

TP-RT

in the

TPH-T

meant to

TPHOEPBT

of it

T-F

she was

SHEFS

some of

SPHOF

them to

THOEUPL

then the

THEPBT

what a

WHA*

when the

WHEPBT

Text

What a busy, merry fellow the bumblebee is. He hums and buzzes over the clover patch. He hums and buzzes around the honeysuckle bushes in your yard.

Bumblebees live a family life, too. They live together in nests. Man does not build hives for bumblebees as he does for honeybees. Bumblebees make honey, but only enough for themselves. Honeybees make more honey than they use; so we use some of it.

The bumblebee choose old fieldmouse nests in the meadow for their hives. Early in the summer the queen bee starts laying eggs.

She makes bee-bread for the first bee babies to eat. She lays one egg on each ball of bee-bread. When the babies hatch, their food is right there for them to eat.

The first bees to hatch are worker bees. Very soon these young workers take over the work of gathering pollen and nectar. Then the queen lays many eggs. She does not leave the nest. She stays at home and does the work she was meant to do. She just lays eggs.

There are two kinds of workers in the bumblebee nest. The large workers gather pollen and nectar. The small workers stay in the nest and care for the young babies when they hatch.

Later in the summer drones and young Queens hatch. After they mate, the drones die. The young Queens sleep in their warm nests all winter.

Bumblebees work together well. Each bee does his own job. But bumblebees do not plan together as your family does.

33.2.506 Months and Days

Selected Words

Anglo-Saxons

APBG HRO/SABG SOPB

Augustus

AUG KWRUS

Caesar

SAOES A*R

do you

TKOU

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

how the

HOUT

in the

TPH-T

Janus

SKWRAPB SKWRUS

Julius

SKWRAOUL KWRUS

no one

TPHOEUPB

of the

-FT

one is

SW*UPB

planet

PHRAEPBT

Roman

RO*EPB

so long

SHROPBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

Do you know how the twelve months and seven days got their names? In the early Roman times March was the first month. September, October, November, and December came from words meaning seven, eight, nine, and ten. When Julius Caesar was the Roman ruler, he made the year begin with January. July was named tour him, and August for Augustus.

January was named for the Roman god Janus, and February, for a Roman feast. March was named for the god of war, Mars. No one is sure where April, may, and June came from.

Some of these names are so long that they have short forms. What months do Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec., Jan., and Feb stand for?

Our words for the days of the week came from the early English, or Anglo-Saxons. Like the Romans, they named the days for the sun, moon, and planets, but they used the names of their own gods in plate of the Roman gods. Sunday and Monday were for the sun and moon. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursdays, Friday, and Saturday came from the Anglo-Saxon names for the planets.

33.2.507 Morning on the Farm

Selected Words

and so

SAOPBD

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

Eben

EB *EPB

going to

TKPW*GS

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

morning and

SKPHORPBG

ready to

TKRAOE

so the

SOT

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

Text

It was four o'clock on a summer morning and not very light yet. Eben walked across the wet grass, watching the cows come up to the barn for their morning milking. They waited outside for him to open the doors, and then began hurrying along, each going to her own place as she always did.

Eben stayed at the door watching the big animals pass. "Going to be a hot day," he thought. "Might go fishing later." As the last cow passed in, Eben closed the door and got ready to start milking in the warm, dark barn. And so the day's work began.

33.2.508 Many Animals Band Together to Migrate

Selected Words

are a

RA*

as it

TAZ

as the

SAZ

back to

TPWAOBG

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

fun to

TPOUPB

great many

TKPWRAEPL

in the

TPH-T

land to

THRAOPBD

New York

TPHORB

North America

TPHA* TPHA*

of the

-FT

out to

TPOUT

ready to

TKRAOE

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

stand in

STPHAPBD

than the

THAPBT

that you

THAU

then the

THEPBT

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

we say

WEBZ

which the

KH-T

will be

HR-B

you will

HR*U

Text

A great many kinds of birds flock together when they are ready to move about from place to place. We say birds migrate. Many birds fly north for the summer and return south for the winter. You must watch for these migration times. When school begins in the fall, many birds will be seen flocking together. There will be great numbers of them. Then as it gets colder, you will see fewer and fewer flocks. You will know that these birds have gone to their winter homes.

In the spring you will watch the flocks return. Some of the birds will summer in your neighborhood.

The spring migration is more fun to watch than the fall migration. In the spring many birds are beautiful colored. By fall their colors have changed so that you might not know them as the same birds.

Some birds travel great distances. The bobolink travels from New York to Brazil, a distance of 2500 miles. The arctic tern travels a distance of 11,000 miles as it migrates from the Far North to the Far South.

Other animals migrate, too. Eels travel from Europe and North America to lay their eggs near Bermuda. They leave the rivers and lakes where they live. They migrate to the sea.

Salmon come together to migrate. They travel up the swift streams to lay their eggs. The hardships which the Sal man stand in working their way up streams are a wonder to us. They battle the swift waters of the stream. After they have laid their eggs, they day. The reindeer of the Far North migrate in herds. They go to look for new places to feed. Sometimes they travel in great herds for hundreds of miles.

Whales band together to migrate to the places where they raise their babies. They travel far out to sea together. Seals, sea lions, and walruses spend most of their time in the open sea. They come to the land to have their babies. Then the herds all go back to the sea again.

33.2.509 Over the Mountains

Selected Words

automobile

AUBL

in a

TPHA*EU

of the

-FT

point and

SKPOEUPBT

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

Vancouver

SRAPB KAOUFR

while the

WHAOEULT

Text

On a sunny June day the Brown family started on an automobile trip. After they left Vancouver, it took only a short time to reach the mountains. For a while the road followed a stream. Then it climbed higher and higher among the trees. Once a deer ran across the road. Near the top of the mountain the Browns could see a cloud that looked like fog. They drove to the highest point and waited to see the cloud disappear. Far below, in a lovely valley, a train looked like a toy on a tiny railroad track.

33.2.510 Mother Makes Butter

Selected Words

better

PWAOERT

butter

PWAOURT

candy

KAEPBD

of the

-FT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

water

WAUR

we have

SWRAOE

yesterday

KWRED

Text

We have many cows on our farm. They give rich milk. Yesterday Mother used some of the cream to make butter for our family.

Mother's butter is very good. It is rich and yellow. We all like butter better than candy.

I heard Father say, "Cows need plenty of water to drink and good food to eat."

33.2.511 The Christmas Story

Selected Words

ahead of

A HEFD

angel

SKWRA*EUPBL

at the

TE

Bethlehem

PW*ET HREPL

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

Jesus

SKWRAOES US

Joseph

SKWRO*EF

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

part of the

PAFRT

that is

THAS

they felt

THEFLT

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

took place

TAOPS

we have

SWRAOE

went to

TWOEPBT

when the

WHEPBT

years ago

KWRAOERGS

Text

One of the most famous stories ever told took place nearly two thousand years ago. The people everywhere in one part of the world were to be tacked, each in the city of his birth. A man named Joseph went to Bethlehem with his wife Mary, but they found no room at the inn. They stayed in a stable, and there the child Jesus was born.

In the same country shepherds were watching their sheep on a hill, when suddenly an angel appeared in the clear sky above them. At first they felt afraid, but when the an sell told them the good news they hurried to see the child.

Wise men came seeking the child, saying, "We have seen a great star in the east." They saw the star move ahead of them again, and they followed it to the stable. They carried lovely gifts for Jesus. That is why we give presents each year on December twenty-fifth.

33.2.512 The Empire Day Parade

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and the

SKP-T

as a

SA*Z

as soon as

S-PBS

at the

TE

brigade

PWREUG AEUD

election

HREBGS

for the

TP-RT

had not

H-PBLT

he was

EFS

in an

in the

TPH-T

Jamieson

SKWRAEUPL AO*E SO*PB

memorial

PHOEURPL KWRAL

memory

PHOEURPL

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

policemen

PHREPL

she was

SHEFS

soldier

SHRERPBLG

that she

STHAE

to be

TOB

who had

WHOD

who is

WHOS

with the

W-T

would be

WOB

Text

Old Mrs. Jamieson had not seen an Empire Day parade for years. When Art White offered to drive her into town, she was delighted. Although she expected to sit in the car all the time, she thought it necessary to wear her best dress. Art was polite and chatted on the way. As a member of the fire brigade, he was to be in the Parade; so as soon as they reached town, he parked the car and departed.

At last Mrs. Jamieson saw the band marching toward her. Then came the fire brigade on their bright red trucks and the four town policemen, who is important job was to enforce the law. Next marched the soldiers, who had fought bravely in the wars. In an open car sat the oldest soldier, surrounded by flowers. Mrs. Jamieson couldn't control her tears. Later, flowers would be placed on the war memorial in memory of the soldiers who had died in the war.

But first the parade drew up at the square for the flag salute and the mayor's speech. Mrs. Jamieson left the car and joined the crowd. She was so pleased with the mayor that she later exclaimed to Art, "Next Election Day I'm coming to town to vote for that young man!"

33.2.513 When Water Is a Help

Selected Words

all the

AULT

because it

TPWAUS

can be

K-B

from the

TPR-T

have had

SR-D

have you

SRU

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

of the

-FT

on this

THOPB

part of the

PAFRT

that has

THAZ

that the

THAT

there is

THR-LGS

to find

TOFPBD

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

what part

WHAPT

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

Water is a great help to all the people who live upon the earth.

From earliest days, people have used boats for travel. On rivers, lakes, and oceans they have gone to faraway places. Water puts many great machines to work. It runs many of the great machines in power houses. These machines send out electricity.

You know that water can be changed to steam. Have you seen a steam engine pulling a long train of cars? Steam gives the engine power to pull the train.

You know that the steam comes from boiling water. You know what part of the engine holds the water which turns into steam. Steam has great power.

People have done many things on this earth because they have had water to use.

Water helps many animals because it gives them a place to live.

Small sunfish and great whales live in water. Many animals stay in water much of the time.

Muskrats and beavers build fine homes in water.

Many turtles, frogs, and snakes live near water. Their food comes from the water. Their bodies need water.

Plants, too, must have water. They grow where there is water. Not many plants are found in places where there is little water.

The roots of some plants go deep into the ground to find water.

Sometimes the ends of the roots are far away from the top of the plant. They are growing to a place that has water.

33.2.514 City Workers

Selected Words

country

KREU

from a

TPRA*

from the

TPR-T

in the

TPH-T

people

PEPL

things that

THAEUPBGS

worker

WRORBG

Text

The city workers help the people who live in the country. They send us shoes, clothing, and other things that they make. Mother's new table and chair were sent from the city. My dear little doll came from a city store.

33.2.515 A Sleigh Ride

Selected Words

all the

AULT

as soon as

S-PBS

as the

SAZ

hard to

THAORD

he said

HEBS

he was

EFS

in the

TPH-T

Johnson

SKWRO*PBS

nowadays

TPHOU TKAEUS

of the

-FT

said that

STHAEUD

sleigh

SHRA*EU

so fast

SOFZ

Text

Every winter after the first good fall of snow Mr. Johnson took all the town children for a sleigh ride. He said that nowadays children didn't know what fun they missed, never riding behind a pair of horses -- hard to hold because they raced so fast -- and never hearing sleigh bells ring!

The ride always began in the early evening, as soon as the first star was out, and ended by the light of the moon. Mr. Johnson saw that each child was dressed in warm clothing, but he was the only one to wear a funny fur cap.

If you liked to hear a bill ring, see a horse's tail flying in the wind, and throw a few snowballs, you went on Mr. Johnson's sleigh rides.

33.2.516 Untitled

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

and could

SKP-BGD

and had

SKP-D

and the

SKP-T

at a

T*A

at the

TE

did not

TKEUPBLT

do you

TKOU

from the

TPR-T

had a

HA

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

it was

T-FS

of the

-FT

Olive

KPA OL EUF

out of

OUFT

Sophie

SOEF AO*E

that was

THAFS

the two

TWOT

they did

TKHE

think about

THEUBT

you think

UPBG

Text

Two little girls, Olive, and Sophie, came to live in town, about two blocks from the station.

They had always lived in the country and had never seen a railway train.

They could tell you all about the calves, the little pigs and the chickens, and could always find the first wild flowers, but they did not know anything about the cars.

The day after they drove into the town, the little girls were looking out of the back window at a long black thing that was coming quickly to them.

It gave a loud shriek that made them both jump.

They ran to their mother, who told them what it was.

Every morning, after breakfast, they stood at the window and watched for that train.

In the evening another train came into the station and the two children had a notion that it was the same train, and that it had been all around the world since morning. What do you think about it?

33.2.517 An Adventure with Beavers

Selected Words

and it

SKPEUT

as a

SA*Z

had a

HA

hard to

THAORD

I could

EUBGD

it was

T-FS

that I

THAEU

when I

WHEU

Text

Last spring I took a hike along a mountain stream. I hadn't gone far when I stopped to fasten my back, and it was then that I saw a young beaver. With front paws raised as if to pray, he sat on his hind legs. Quickly I dropped to my knees, for I saw an interesting sight. Some large animal had damaged the beaver dam, and gallons of water were rushing downstream and covering the grassy banks. A pair of old beavers were working hard to mend the wreck. Using their sharp teeth to cut and haul, they soon had a pile of branches and twigs with which they fixed the hole nearest me. After watching awhile I could really explain the saying, "As busy as a beaver."

33.2.518 Some Animals Band Together to Sleep

Selected Words

during the

TKURGT

for the

TP-RT

if you

TPU

if you have

TPUF

in a

TPHA*EU

in this

STHEUPBS

out to

TPOUT

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

you will

HR*U

Text

If you have ever raised a flock of chickens, you will know how close together they get at night. They will scatter about over the field for food during the day, but at night they roost close to the.

Turkeys come together at night for pecks while sleeping, too. If an enemy comes near, a turkey will cry out to warn the others. They make such a fuss that they all wake up and try to get away. Chickens and turkeys have many enemies that hunt at night. A cry of alarm often saves the whole flock.

Many of our birds roost together in trees or buildings for the night. A flock of partridges sleep in a circle with heads pointing out. They help to keep one another from harm.

Chimney swifts band together at night to sleep. During the day they fly about by themselves. Hawks often sleep together during the day.

All these birds get protection in this way. Watch other birds that live near your home. Notice which ones roost together.

33.2.519 Getting Water to People Who Need It

Selected Words

and over

SKPOFR

at the

TE

did not

TKEUPBLT

do not

TKPHOT

from a

TPRA*

from the

TPR-T

goes into

TKPWHAOS

have a

SRA

have not

SR-PBLT

how the

HOUT

in a

TPHA*EU

into the

TPHAOT

learned to

THROERPBD

may be

PHA*EUB

more than

PH-RPB

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

out of

OUFT

take the

TAEUBGT

that are

THAR

that is

THAS

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

you can

UBG

Text

In many times and in many places, people have not had enough water. If it does not rain, food plants cannot grow. Cows, horses, and other animals do not have enough water to drink.

Dry times are hard times for people. But today, there are many ways for people to have water.

On a farm, water may be pumped from a well or it may be stored in a tank. People who live in cities get water that is stored in big tanks and reservoirs.

In the picture on pages 194 and 195 you can see a reservoir. This great reservoir holds water for more people than you can count. Very big cities have more than one of these reservoirs.

Sometimes reservoirs are miles away from the city. The water comes to the city through great pipes that are under the ground. Smaller pipes take the water to the houses.

Look at the water pipes inside your house. See how the water goes into the rooms of your house.

Water is stored for use on farms. In places where there is little rain, farmers used to have a hard time. Their crops did not grow well. But today fine farms are found where everything used to be so dry.

Water is brought to the fields through great ditches. The water sometimes travels for hundreds of miles through the ditches.

Smaller ditches take water from the big ditch to the different farms. At the farms water runs out of the ditches and over the ground. It waters the ground so that crops can grow.

Food crops can now grow in these dry places because men have learned to store up water.

33.2.520 Sunfish in Winter Time

Selected Words

do not

TKPHOT

do you

TKOU

for the

TP-RT

ground in

TKPWHROUPBD

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

of the

-FT

then the

THEPBT

they do

TKHOE

through the

THRUT

Text

Do you wonder what saves sunfish from freezing in winter?

Some animals go away from winter's cold. They go to a warm place for the winter. But sunfish do not go away. They do not leave their homes.

Some animals crawl into the ground in winter. But sunfish do not into the ground.

Sometimes ice covers the water where they live. But the sunfish stay in the water. Water near the bottom does not freeze. The sunfish stays near the bottom of the brooks under the ice.

They do not race through the water as they do in summer. In the winter time they are quiet. But spring always comes. Then the bright sunfish swim together again through the clear water.

33.2.521 A Mountain Home

Selected Words

down the

TKOUPBT

during the

TKURGT

gets to

TKPWOETS

Gretchen

TKPWREFP *EPB

Hans

HAPBS

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

learned to

THROERPBD

on the

OPBT

some of

SPHOF

Switzerland

SWEUTS HRAPBD

that the

THAT

would not

WOPBLT

Text

Hans and Gretchen live in the mountains of Switzerland. These mountains are so high that the snow on some of them does not ever melt.

In the summer Hans watches the gets to and sheep in a quiet mountain pasture. He whistles a merry tune. During the winter animals are snug and warm in their shed.

You would not find any idle, lazy people here. Gretchen has learned to knit warm, thick stockings while her mother makes lace for little girls' dresses. Hans is carving a cute little wooden goat. Swiss children have fun, too. They slide down the steep hills and skate on the frozen lakes and ponds.

33.2.522 Going for Blueberries

Selected Words

and an

SKPAPB

at the

TE

bicycle and

SKPWOEUBG

blueberries

PWHRU PWHRER/KWREU -S

I wanted

EUPTD

in our

TPHOUR

island

AOEUFLD

it up

TUP

it was

T-FS

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

they want

THEPT

to the

TOT

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

we could

WEBGD

when I

WHEU

Text

It was a hot afternoon -- just right for a swim in our pond -- but I'd promised Ellen I'd go down to the other end of the island and pick blueberries. About two o'clock I took my bicycle and started out. When I arrived at the Brick Station, Ellen wasn't there. This isn't a railroad station, but only an old house down on the beach, where boats land when they want to stop at our island.

I decided to go on. Perhaps Ellen was already down picking berries. But first I wanted to fasten my sweater around my waist with my belt. It was toot hot to wear a sweater. I rode my bicycle down to the berry place, but Ellen wasn't there, either.

Pigging blueberries by myself was slow work, I found. Soon I took off my sweater and rolled it up. Putting my head on the sweater, I lay down under the bushes and slept.

At four o'clock Ellen woke me up. Then we picked like mad to get home by five, so that we could making blueberry pie for supper!

33.2.523 The Youngest Colt

Selected Words

ahead of

A HEFD

allowed to

THRO*UD

answered

AEPBD

any of

TPHEUF

as the

SAZ

grown up

TKPWRUP

he would

ELD

I will

KWREUL

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

manger

PHAEUPB SKWRER

of the

-FT

they could

THEBGD

they were

THERP

to understand

TOPBDZ

when the

WHEPBT

when you

WHU

will be

HR-B

you are

R*U

you will

HR*U

Text

Late in the spring a new colt was born on a ranch in Alberta. He lay in the great stable and his mother stood beside him. After she had finished the hay in her manger, she turned and licked her colt, making soft noises in his little ears. He seemed to understand. Later in the day he managed to pull himself up on his four feet.

After a week or two, when the weather was warmer, the youngest colt and his mother were allowed outside in a small field behind the stable. Later they were allowed to join the other mothers and colts in the big pasture, when they could go wading in the brook. One day as the youngest colt stood by the wire fence, he saw a splendid big horse running ahead of the others in a distant field. The colt asked his mother whether he would ever run like that. She answered proudly, "I will tell you a secret, young sir. You will run with those horses when you are grown up. Perhaps you will be an even greater runner than any of them."

33.2.524 Gold

Selected Words

at once

TWUPBS

British Columbia

PWREURB KHRUPL KWRA

did not

TKEUPBLT

discovered

SKOFRD

during the

TKURGT

finally

TPHRAOEUPBL

Garry

TKPWAR REU

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

just about

number of

TPHUFPL

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

Ontario

OPB TAEUR KWROE

Quebec

KE PWEBG

St.

ST-FPLT

the Rockies

-T ROBG KWREU -S

them to

THOEUPL

there were

THR-RP

they felt

THEFLT

they would

THELD

to be

TOB

West Coast

WEFT KOEFT

when the

WHEPBT

which had

KH-D

working

WOG

years ago

KWRAOERGS

Text

Just about one hundred years ago the exciting news reached the East that gold had been discovered on the west coast. People went wild. Their heads were filled with dreams of gold, and they felt they would use any means to get there at once.

Several parties were made up in Ontario and Quebec to travel to British Columbia. A great number of people left their home and said good-bye to their friends. They met at St. Paul, and from there took the stage to Georgetown on the Red River. From there a steamer took them to Fort Garry.

Here they had to begin the trail across the prairies, which had to be followed by ox-cart and on foot. It was a long, slow journey. When the prairies were passed, there were still the Rockies to be crossed. The travelers ran short of food during the trip, and many men and animals were lost in the wild rivers.

The party got there finally, but many of the people did not find any gold. Instead, they made their living by opening stores, building houses and working farms.

33.2.525 Hassan, the Desert Boy

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and she

SKPHE

coffee

KOEF

copper

KO*RP

from the

TPR-T

Hassan

HAFPB

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

leather

HR*ERT

of a

AEUF

on the

OPBT

Text

Hassan's home is a tent in the desert. The tent gives shade from the sun and shelter from storms.

Hassan sometimes goes with his father to trade in the city. He travels across the desert sand on the back of a camel. In the city Hassan's father sells the wool which he got from his flock of sheep. He buys dates, in our, and coffee for his family and a load of fresh green hay for his camels. The desert people are fond of coffee and some traders makes a living by selling it. The traders also sell fruit, cloth, leather saddles, and copper kettles.

33.2.526 Monarch Butterflies in Winter

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

back to

TPWAOBG

butterflies

PW*URT TPHRAOEU -S

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

pupae

PUP SKWRAOEU

start to

STAORT

that are

THAR

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

Text

What does the monarch butterfly do when cold weather comes? It cannot fly about in the freezing winds of winter.

Many kinds of butterflies live as pupae through the cold weeks of winter. Their hard covering saves them from freezing.

But monarch butterflies keep away from winter cold in a different way. When fall days grow cold, monarch butterflies start on a long trip.

First they fly to a tree in the woods or field. Hundreds of them come together in one tree. Others fly to trees that are nearby. Hundreds of monarch butterflies start to fly south together.

At last the butterflies come to a place where it is warm. They stop flying and rest in trees. All winter they rest in the trees. On warm, sunny days they fly away on short trips. They take a little food from flowers and then they fly back to the trees.

33.2.527 Animals and Their Enemies

Selected Words

all of

A*UFL

all of them

AUFL THEPL

are not

R-PBLT

can you

KU

do not

TKPHOT

had a

HA

in the

TPH-T

more than

PH-RPB

of the

-FT

part of the

PAFRT

to be

TOB

what is

SWHA*

will not

HR-PBLT

would you

WOU

you find

UFPBD

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

Suppose you had a fine little spotted baby deer. Would you know how to keep it safe? The mother deer knows. Both the mother and her baby stay very still on their bed of leaves in the woods. They look much like their homes, and enemies do not see them easily.

How many animals can you find in the picture? Cow find all of them right away?

Their color is much like the color of the place where they stay. Their color hides them from their enemies.

Each of these animals has something with which to fight its enemies. Some animals fight with more than one part of the body.

These animals have coverings that help to keep them safe from their enemies.

These animals do not need to be afraid. They have such a bad taste that other animals do not like them for food. Most animals will not eat them.

Some animals cannot fight. Their bodies are not made for fighting. Enemies can bite through their covering. What is their way of keeping safe?

33.2.528 A May Morning

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

begun to

STKPWOUPB

from the

TPR-T

in the

TPH-T

meadow

PHED OE

of a

AEUF

orchard

OFRPB ARD

out to

TPOUT

telephone

T-FPB

violet

SROEULT

Text

On a May morning Dick and Helen went out to play in the sunshine. As they walked along beside the book they saw a bluebird and a thrush. They found some lovely violets growing near the roots of a big tree. In the orchard the cherry, peach, and pear trees were blooming. A soft wind blew the sweet smell toward them. The busy bees had begun to gather honey from the apple blossoms. A meadow lark sitting on a telephone pole was singing his cheerful song.

33.2.529 Heat Makes Water Go into the Air

Selected Words

all the

AULT

do you

TKOU

from the

TPR-T

go into

TKPWHAO

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

Text

Watch Mother as she irons a dress with a hot iron. At first the dress is wet. When Mother has finished ironing it, the dress is dry.

In winter where do you put your wet mittens to dry? Where do you put your wet swimming suit in summer? What dries your mittens and your swimming suit?

Heat from the sun dries the sidewalks quickly after a rain. It dries puddles in the streets.

Mother watches the boiling vegetables. Heat from the stove makes the water boil away. All the water must not boil away into the air. The vegetables will burn if all the water boils away.

Heat makes water go into the air.

33.2.530 Waiting for the Band Leader

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and it

SKPEUT

as well

SW*EL

auditorium

AUD TOEURPL

began to

STKPWAOPB

had a

HA

has to

THAOS

he said

HEBS

he was

EFS

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

it has

T-Z

it was

T-FS

of the

-FT

steering wheel

STWAOEL

this were

TH-RP

to be

TOB

Tommy

TOPL PHEU

when the

WHEPBT

where was

WR-FS

with the

W-T

Text

The pupils of the fourth grade had a band, and a very good band it was, too. This were invited to play one evening in the high-school auditorium. Tommy Winters was the leader. He was a great favorite among the children, and with the teachers as well. When the clock said eight and everyone was there except Tommy, people grew excited. The band was to start playing at eight fifteen. Where was Tommy?

Tommy was in a bus about ten blocks away. At first the man drove the bus fast. Then he began to drive more slowly. Finally he stopped and got out. "Something's loose in the steering wheel," he said, "and it has to be fixed before we can go on."

At just fourteen minutes after eight, Tommy walked in, shook his teacher's hand, laughed, and raised his little stick. The band began to play!

33.2.531 The Old Schoolhouse

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

arrow

RO*EUR

back to

TPWAOBG

dismiss

STKPHEUS

down in

TKPHOUPB

from the

TPR-T

I remember

EURPL

I remembered

EURPLD

I was

EUFS

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

may be

PHA*EUB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

Robbins

ROB PWEUPBS

schoolhouse

SKOUS

that time

THAPLT

through the

THRUT

went to

TWOEPBT

when she

SWHE

Text

Down in the valley, under the great, spreading oak tree, stands the little red schoolhouse. I went to school there, as did my parents before me. Not long ago, during an Easter vacation, I went back to visit it, and I found no changes.

I remembered the swing under the oak and how a girl's arm was broken when she fell out. I remember how I was dismissed one day because I wouldn't chase my dog away from the schoolyard. Poor old Brownie!

I even looked down into the cellar -- that famous cellar where we tied up Charlie Robbins and then forgot to untie him until after dark. What trouble we got into that time!

I walked around the playground, were we had played tag and marbles and baseball in the spring. I found the places where we had cut our names -- in the bark of the trees, on the benches, and on the posts. We had cut hearts around the names, and arrow through the hearts!

Many of those boys and girls are married now and may be sending chair children to this very school.

33.2.532 Some Animals Live in Herds

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

are not

R-PBLT

as long

SHRO*PBG

as long as

SHROPBGS

do not

TKPHOT

easy to

TOEZ

getting to

TKPWOEGT

have you

SRU

Have you ever

SRUFR

how much

HOUFP

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

living in

TPHREUFG

may be

PHA*EUB

of the

-FT

or the

ORT

part of the

PAFRT

that he

THAE

there are

THR-R

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

to be

TOB

what a

WHA*

you ever

UFR

Text

Some animals do not live in families. They live together only part of the year. They are not like the family animals, because they do not build homes for their young. They do not take much care of their babies after they are born. And they do not teach the babies to catch their food.

Some of these animals travel in herds. They can leave the heard at any time they wish, and they can join it at any time. Often the female leaves the heard to care for her babies when they are very small.

The herd may be ruled by either a male for a female. Sometimes there are two leaders. A male leads the males, and a female leads the females. The red deer and the fallow deer form into such herds after the mating season. Have you ever seen a herd of animals following a leader?

The leader must move that he is able to lead. A battle results. The winner is ladder as long as he is strong enough. He must keep fighting for his right to be leader of the heard. No weak animal is able to be leader for long.

Animals in herds help to keep one another safe from danger. Herds of deer, buffalos, and sheep are protected from wolves in this way. A herd of deer can kill a wolf, but one deer cannot do it alone.

Elephants live in herds. Two or three hundred may form one heard. They are led by an old female elephant. They sleep by day and hunt together at night.

Many of the animals living in cold places live in herds. They keep one another warm. They keep one another from getting too cold in the cold weather.

Did you ever notice how much warmer it is what a crowd gathers around you? It is easy to see how animals keep warmer by staying close together.

If you live where it is cold in winter, see whether unanimous in the zoo or the barnyard seem to stay close together. Watch a herd of cattle during a heavy snowstorm. They are able to keep warmer when they stay close together.

33.2.533 Brave Young White Camel

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all right

HR-RT

All right

HRAOEURBLT

back to

TPWAOBG

camel

KAPL EL

caravan

KAEUR SRAPB

desert

STK*ERT

going to

TKPW*GS

he wanted

HEPTD

he was

EFS

he would

ELD

in the

TPH-T

no matter

TPHAERT

oasis

OE AEU SEUS

see it

STAOE

that was

THAFS

things to

THOEUPBGS

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

were the

WR-T

with the

W-T

Text

Miles and miles of desert sand, no matter in what direction you looked -- that was Young White Camel's home. As he walked by his mother's side, he would often meet a caravan. A long line of men and of gray camels with heavy loads on their backs would pass by. These slow-moving car advance were the only things to be seen going across the desert.

One morning Young White Camel saw his master's tents being taken up. The mother camel told him the master was going to take his herd of white camels to the oasis. The oasis, she told him, was a beautiful green spot where palm trees grew and water flowed. Young White Camel wanted to see it.

Young White Camel walked for a while with the others. Then he stopped awhile to heft, and soon he was left behind. He was not really frightened until a sudden sandstorm blew up. Then he wanted his mother. A little later his master rode back to look for him and found him nearly buried in the sand. Then Young White Camel was all right again.

33.2.534 Air Can Expand

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

a little bit

HR-BLT

around it

STROUPBD

as it

TAZ

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

little bit

PWHREULT

of a

AEUF

of it

T-F

some of

SPHOF

what happens

WHAPS

will be

HR-B

will not

HR-PBLT

you can

UBG

Text

Air can expand, or spread out. You can watch air spread out. Use an old balloon for this experiment. Blow just a little bit of air into it and tie a string around it. The old balloon will not be smooth like a new balloon. It will be wrinkled.

Now hold the balloon near a warm radiator or stove. Watch the wrinkles fill out with air. Why does the balloon get bigger?

The air inside the balloon becomes warmer. As it gets warmer, it spreads out, or expands. Some of it spreads out into the wrinkled places in the balloon.

Now cool the air in the balloon and watch to see what happens. Does the balloon get smaller? Does it get all wrinkled again?

You can do another experiment to show that air expands when warmed. Tie a balloon over the neck of a Pyrex nursing bottle. Set the bottle near a warm radiator. Watch the balloon.

33.2.535 A Summer Friend

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and he

SKPE

and would

SKP-LD

from a

TPRA*

had a

HA

he would

ELD

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

listen to

THROEUFPB

of the

-FT

run to

TOURPB

them to

THOEUPL

they would

THELD

to the

TOT

we believe

WEBL

we believed

we were

WERP

Text

One summer a little chipmunk came to live in our backyard. We believed that his burrow was under the base of the garden wall. He had a habit of saving food and would stuff his cheeks with peanuts. They would swell up until we expected them to burst. They he would run to bury his treasure.

All of Australia played with him during our spare time. He liked to listen to the piano, and he had an odd taste for food. He liked chocolate nut bars best of all. He used to amuse us trying to get nuts from a quart jar. He always wanted us to notice him.

One day when we were certain he had left, we finally found him in the basement. But one cloudy autumn day he disappeared, and we never saw him again.

33.2.536 The Gaseous Part of the Earth

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and the

SKP-T

as you

AUZ

at the

TE

could not

KOPBLT

do you

TKOU

earth is

S*ERT

from the

TPR-T

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

inner and

SKPEURPB

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

it has

T-Z

no one

TPHOEUPB

of the

-FT

part of the

PAFRT

there is

THR-LGS

they can

THEBG

to the

TOT

very, very

SRE SRE

we could

WEBGD

why the

KWR-T

you could

UBGD

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

We live at the surface of the solid part of the earth. Above this solid part of the earth is the air, or atmosphere. This atmosphere is a part of the earth, too. It is the gaseous part of the earth. It forms a blanket which covers all the solid part and the liquid part of the earth.

The atmosphere is very important to us. Scientists say we could live three weeks without food, three days without water, but only three minutes without air.

Some children have asked how far the atmosphere goes. No one knows for sure. Some scientists think it may go out into space for five hundred miles. But the air away out that far is very, very thin. You could not live that far out in space.

You know that air gets thinner and thinner as you go away from the solid part of the earth. Pilots who fly in airplanes tell us that. Airplanes have flown about eleven miles up into the atmosphere. But the air up there is thin. The pilots have to wear oxygen helmets, so that they can get enough oxygen.

Do you know why the air is not so thin near the earth? Do you suppose gravity has anything to do with it?

Of course it has. Gravity pulls the air down to the solid earth. Gravity pulse air into all the contraction and holes around you. Gravity pulls air into the ground. Gravity pulls air into our houses and school buildings. The air is everywhere around you.

33.2.537 A Fairyland Battle

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and was

SKP-FS

as soon as

S-PBS

at the

TE

before the

PW-FRT

but it

TPWUT

castle

KAFL

elf

*EFL

fairy

TPAEUR REU

hopefully

HO*EFPL

it was

T-FS

New Year

TPHU KWRAO*ER

out and

SKPOUT

return

RURPB

treasure

TR-RB

Text

The New Year had come to fairyland, but it was not a happy New Year. A wicked giant had sent word that unless herpes given half the fairies' treasure and half their land, held make war on them.

At an early hour a brave little elf knocked at the castle gate and was brought before the fairy queen. She looked so lovely in her golden dress, with a golden crown upon her head! The elf told her his plan. All the elves, carrying spears, were to ride black flies and charge as soon as they met the wicked giant at the castle gates.

"Ha!" said the fairy queen hopefully. "Maybe we can win yet!"

About noon four wicked giants rode toward the castle wall. As they reached the gates, thousand upon thousand of black flies carrying elves flew out and settled upon them. The gingivitis hit at the flies and tried to kill them, but the flies flew in great waves around them. Finally the giants turned and rode away, never again to return.

33.2.538 The Flying Flowers

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

and also

SKPALS

and are

SKP-R

and so

SAOPBD

and the

SKP-T

are the

R-T

as it

TAZ

as the

SAZ

as well

SW*EL

as you

AUZ

at a

T*A

at the

TE

because it

TPWAUS

dragonfly

TKRAG O*PB TPHRAOEU

first time

TPEURT

from the

TPR-T

given to

TKPWOEUFPB

glad to

TKPWHRAOD

great many

TKPWRAEPL

have been

SR-B

have had

SR-D

have the

SR-T

how many

HOUPL

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

instead of

STPHEFD

is a

SA*EU

is no

STPHO

is that

STHA

is that the

STHAT

might be

PHAOEUB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

out to

TPOUT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

stand in

STPHAPBD

that he

THAE

that is

THAS

that was

THAFS

that you

THAU

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

to be

TOB

to me

TPHE

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

usually it

TAOURBL

what you

WHAU

when you

WHU

where the

W-RT

will find

HR-FPBD

you can

UBG

you will

HR*U

you would

ULD

Text

You have been reading about some of the Radiate Family. From their beauty they have been called Flowers of the Sea. We will now hear about some insects which might be called Flying Flowers.

I knew a little boy who, the first time that he noticed butterflies, cried out, "Oh, see all those flowers flying!" That was a pretty idea. It well described the butterflies, as you will see when you come to read about them.

There is another family of insects which also deserves the name of Flying Flowers. Their shape, colors, and motions are very lovely. These insects are the Dragonflies.

I am sorry that such beautiful creatures have had harsh names given to them. They are called Dragonflies, Horse-Stingers, Darning-Needles, Spindles, and so son. These names have nothing true in them. These pretty insects never harm any one.

The French people call them Little Ladies. Now quack that is a nicer name. It is given to them because they are graceful and pretty, and also neat and delicate in their looks and motions.

I knew a man who called these insects Air-Jewels. That was because they are almost always on the wing, and their eyes and bodies flash and shine like precious gems.

I have known silly people to start and scream when one of these dragonflies came darting by. That was foolish; they might as well scream at a rose or a violet. There is no need of running away from one of them. The great trouble is that they are so swift and shy, you cannot easily catch one to examine it.

The dragonflies are cousins of the termites, the mayflies, lace-wing flies, and many others. They have four large, fine, lace-like wings, divided into a great many spaces or meshes.

The two pairs of wings are nearly or quite equal in size. The head is large. The body is long and light. They are very active in their motions, and are very seldom at rest. They fly so swiftly that you can scarcely see their thin wings, but only the flash of their bright-colored bodies.

Dragonflies like damp or wet places. You will find them above lakes and ponds. They fly over marshy places or by the edges of quiet streams.

Go out to some still, silver-like pond, where the tall trees stand in a ring about the water. The ferns, the tall yellow spikes of the St. John's-wort, and the blue clubs of the arrow plant make a wreath around the sandy margin. There you will see hundreds of gay dragonflies, as if glad to be alive.

In their great beauty the dragonflies are as pretty as the butterflies. Like them, they love the sunshine. They are the children of the summer time. The hotter the weather, the happier the dragonflies seem to be.

Let us look for a little time at a dragonfly. It belongs to the class of the ring-made creatures. Its body is made in rings, and its feet and legs are jointed. The body is very long and slim. Some kinds of dragonflies have the body rather flat, but usually it is round, is slimmest in the middle, and thickens a little both at the tail and where it joins the breast.

The wings of the dragonfly are horny and of iris or golden hues. Sometimes the body is a vivid blue or bright green. Sometimes it is banded or spotted with yellow or scarlet.

The wide wings look like delicate lace spread on a fine frame. A little child who found one of these wings, brought it to me, saying, "I dot a dood piece of lace!"

The head of the dragonfly is large, and his on each side what you would call a great eye. But like that of the housefly, this eye is made up of many eyes set so as to seem to be one. I hardly dare tell you how many there are--over twelve thousand! Though these wonderful eyes the light plays and flashes like fire. Between these big eyes, three little simple eyes are set in a band across the head.

The dragonfly has a queer mouth. The jaws are hidden under two thin, skin-like lips. These move up and down as it eats. It does not suck food, like the butterflies and houseflies, but eats after the manner of the beetle.

Thus, you see, the dragonfly belongs to the great Division of the Eaters, not of the Drinkers. Instead of feeding on nectar, as we would think so lovely a thing should, it eats insects.

All its lifelong, from the egg, it is always greedy because it is always hungry. It spends all its time hunting for food.

33.2.539 Our Parades

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

are not

R-PBLT

full of

TPUFL

in fact

TPH-FT

in the

TPH-T

New Year

TPHU KWRAO*ER

New Year's

TPHAO*URS

New Year's Day

TPHU KWRAOER AES TKAEU

of course

-FBG

of the

-FT

Santa Claus

SKHRAUZ

than the

THAPBT

there are

THR-R

there were

THR-RP

we have

SWRAOE

Text

Our town loves a parade, and we have one on almost every holiday.

On the First of July the soldiers and the police march in the parade. The band is out, of course, and flags are waving. There are floats, too, picturing different subjects from history. Last year there were four floats. Each one seemed better than the one before. The fourth float was the best of all and took the prize. It showed a fort, and there were soldiers fighting with guns that made noises like firecrackers. Our neighbor's daughter was a nurse taking care of the wounded soldiers.

On Christmas Eve the children parade. Sometimes a float shows a fat, jolly Santa Claus, filling stockings, or trimming the tree.

On New Year's Day anybody and everyone parades. In fact, almost the whole town joins in. The floats often picture the Old Year dead and buried and the New Year young and strong and full of life. Since nearly everyone takes part in the New Year's parade, there are not many left to watch it!

33.2.540 Life on the Prairie

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and I

SKPEU

and I was

SKPEUFS

and the

SKP-T

and the other

SKPOERT

at the

TE

Garry

TKPWAR REU

I have

SREU

I was

EUFS

if I

TPEU

on the

OPBT

prairie

PRAEU RAOE

she said

SHEBS

she was

SHEFS

some of

SPHOF

this morning

TH-RPBG

to the

TOT

we have

SWRAOE

will go

HR*G

years old

KWRAERLDZ

Text

In 1810 Mary Baines and her family moved to the Prairies. Though she was only eleven years old at the time, an examination of her letters shows the difficulties of life in that first poor little home on the prairie.

She wrote: "I was up early this morning to churn butter. My fingers were blue with cold. The lid wouldn't stay on, and I was splashed with cream."

Another time she said: "Wolves broke into our chicken coop last night. Father shot at them, but not before they made off with some of our best poultry."

In the fall of 1811 she told of making a quilt. "If I have cut out one patch," she wrote, "I have cut out a thousand. We have managed to scrape together a little money, because Mother preaches thrift all day long."

Later Mary told us that her father caught two mink in his traps. She was happy because "one skin will make me a cap and the other will go on my blue coat." Her mother wove the material, and the blue dye came from Fort Garry.

33.2.541 Tonsils

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

and an

SKPAPB

beginning to

STKPWOEUPBG

begun to

STKPWOUPB

have a

SRA

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is about

SPW

it felt

T-FLT

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

ready to

TKRAOE

she was

SHEFS

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

when she

SWHE

Text

One of the stories my grandmother likes best to tell is about the time she couldn't go to her cousin's wedding. She was ready to get into the carriage when her mother found her crying because the glands in her neck had begun to swell and ache.

"Sakes alive, dearest child!" her mother cried. "It's your tonsils. You have a fever!"

Poor little Grandmother! She was careful bundle up, taken over to Auntie Sue's house and put to bed in the spare room, while her mother and father went to the wedding.

Auntie Sue was famous in the village for her supplies the medicine, and Grandmother was made to taste and chew some very strange things. Her neck was wrapped in cold cloths, and an ice bag placed on her head. Grandmother lay in the spare bedroom for days. For a while she just slept and drank water. At last when she was beginning to eat, Auntie Sue brought her on oyster. To this day, Grandmother likes to remember how cold and slippery it felt sliding down her hot throat.

33.2.542 On the Way

Selected Words

at the

TE

he was

EFS

in order

TPHORD

is to

STO

on the

OPBT

or the

ORT

ready to

TKRAOE

what a

WHA*

will you

HRU

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

At last the exciting day arrived. In order to prove to his parents how grateful he was, Pete got up early to mow the lawn and weed the garden. Then he dressed in his scout uniform and tide his red and blue handkerchief with greatest care. You know yourself that Scouts have respect for their appearance and that whenever they are on the playground or the street, they look neat.

At noon Pete was ready to bid his mother good-bye. Every member of his troop was waiting at the bus station, and soon the boys were off. What a yell they gave when they reached the traffic circle and turned toward the lake!

"My aim is to work harder than ever and improve my backstroke," said Billy Nash. "Will you help me, gang?"

"Sure!" shouted every boy.

33.2.543 The House On Grand Street

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and I

SKPEU

as an

SA*EPB

everywhere

WEFR

from the

TPR-T

Grand Street

TKPWRAPBD STRAOET

have been

SR-B

I felt

EUFLT

I were

EURP

if people

TPAOEPL

in the

TPH-T

it must

TPHUFT

on the

OPBT

to be

TOB

to me

TPHE

upstairs

UP STA*EURS

what had

WHAD

which was

WEUFS

Text

Strange and lonesome, the big house on Grand Street was always an interesting place to me. One day Mother and I were taken into it by a man from the bank. The house was to be sold.

It was beautiful inside, with thick rugs and fine furniture upstairs and downstairs. Dirt was everywhere, but otherwise the house looked as if people had lived in it only yesterday. Some dishes and a glass or two were still on the table, and bide a big chair was an old newspaper.

Upstairs, clothes were laid out in the father's and mother's room. Toys and a broken doll lay on the floor in the little sister's room. A sewing basket and a rocking chair told which was the grandmother's room.

What had happened, to take this family away so suddenly? Surely it must have been something sad. I felt sad myself as I walked out on Grand Street again.

33.2.544 Animals Must Have Food

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

all of

A*UFL

all of the

AUFLT

calves

KA*FLS

catbird

KAT PW*EURD

caterpillar

KAT PHRAR

chickadee

KHEUBG TKAOE

cougar

KAOUG/A*R

do not

TKPHOT

eagle

AOEG -L

grasshopper

TKPWHR*FRPBLG

hard to

THAORD

have been

SR-B

have you

SRU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

ladybird

HRA*ED PWEURD TK-FPS

lion

HRAO*EUPB

milkweed

PH*EULG WAOED TK-FPS

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

schoolroom

SKAOL RAOPL TK-FPS

see it

STAOE

spider

SPAOEURD

that are

THAR

there are

THR-R

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

things are

THREUPBGS

very, very

SRE SRE

wildcat

WAOEULD KAT

woodchuck

WAOD KHUBG

zebra

SAO*E PWRA

Text

There are many kinds of animals in the world. They eat many kinds of food.

Some animals eat only plants. Water animals eat water plants.

Is there a fish bowl in your schoolroom? Are there snails in it? Watch the snails as they move about. Have you seen them eating the water plants? Sometimes they are on the sides of the bowl, eating tiny green plants that grow there.

Land animals eat land plants. Rabbits sometimes eat plants in a garden. They eat grass and leaves. Woodchucks eat grass, grain, and vegetables.

Many other animals eat plants for food. Squirrels eat nuts. Deer eat leaves and branches of young trees.

The leaves of trees are often eaten away by caterpillars. In some places all of the farmers' crops have been eaten by grasshoppers. Farmers work hard to keep beetles and other insects from eating their grain, fruit, and vegetables.

Some animals do not use plants for food. They eat other animals. We call these meat-eating animals.

You know now that cougars catch animals for food. Wildcats eat many kinds of small animals. Lions and tigers are meat-eating animals, too.

Some birds, too, are meat eaters. Owls and hawks sometimes eat chickens and other birds. But they do much good by eating mice, grasshoppers, and beetles. Hawks and eagles catch fish. Eagles eat other birds and rabbits, and they will even carry away small lambs.

Some animals eat many kinds of food. Catbirds, chickadees, blue jays, and other birds eat insects of almost all kinds that are found nearby. Many birds eat seeds of weeds. They eat fruit of all kinds.

Some animals go on living because they can eat almost anything they find.

Black bears eat many kinds of small animals. They eat ants, fish, frogs, mice, and birds. Bears like plant food. Corn, nuts, or berries make a good dinner. They like honey too.

Mice and rats eat almost any food. They eat any food that people eat. They eat grain, fruit, and chickens. They even eat books and papers. They eat their way through wood. Not all these things are good food for mice and rats. But they eat them just the same.

Some animals always eat about the same kind of food. Beavers eat the bark of trees. Caterpillars of the monarch butterfly always feed on milkweed plants. Horses and cows eat grass or hay and grain. Day after day these animals eat the same kinds of food.

Some animals eat very, very tiny plants or animals. Most of the food of tadpoles is so small that we cannot see it in the water.

Many insect eat other insects smaller than themselves. Spiders eat flies. A beetle called a ladybird eats hundreds of tiny insects that live on plants.

Chickadees, song sparrows, wrens, and many other birds eat small seeds of weeds.

Some animals eat other large animals. Mountain lions or wolves can catch young colts or calves or deer for food. Hungry lions will eat a zebra.

There are many kinds of animals in the world. They eat many kinds of food.

33.2.545 On an Ocean Liner

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

could have

KOUF

did not

TKEUPBLT

dining room

TK*EURPL

Europe

AO*URP

have a

SRA

listened to

THROEUFPBD

ocean

OEGS

on the

OPBT

program

PRAPL

radio

ROEUD

ready to

TKRAOE

they could

THEBGD

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

Text

One summer Jack Mary Howe went to Europe with their parents. Mr. Howe bought a ticket for each of them and they got ready to sail on the big boat. The bode had fine dining rooms and parlors and even a swimming pool. If they wished, they could have a bedroom with real beds; but the Howes, like almost everyone else, had small rooms with bunks.

One day the sun did not shine and the ocean looked gray. A big wave splashed over the deck. Mary stayed indoors and listened to the news and music on her favorite radio program.

33.2.546 Beavers Also Are Social

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

all the

AULT

and have

SKP-F

and the

SKP-T

build it

TPWEULD

do not

TKPHOT

from the

TPR-T

gather the

TKPWAERT

have you

SRU

Have you ever

SRUFR

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

is an

SA*PB

is the

S-T

may be

PHA*EUB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

they can

THEBG

they could

THEBGD

to the

TOT

what a

WHA*

when it

TWHEPB

where the

W-RT

while the

WHAOEULT

you ever

UFR

Text

Have you ever seen a beaver dam? Beavers are family animals. Sometimes several families live together in one big pond. Each family has its own house. But there may be several houses in the same pond.

Beavers are mammals. A mammal is an animal which feeds its babies on milk from its own body. Baby beavers are born alive. At first the mother beaver feeds her babies milk from her own body. When they get teeth, they are no longer nursed by their mother. Then they eat the tender bark of young trees instead.

The grown-up beavers work together to build their dam. They build a dam to make a pond. Their pond must be keep enough not to freeze all the way to the bottom in winter. They dam the stream by using poles, sticks, and mud. Several families may help to build the dam and mend it when it breaks. These families use the pond together, but each family lives in its own lodge.

Mother and father beaver together build a lodge, or home. They build it in the pond on upon the bank. The lodges are built of sticks and mud and have two stories. The upstairs is the dry part, and the downstairs is where the beavers dry themselves before going upstairs. The doors of the lodges are underneath the water.

Beavers are very clumsy out of water, but move quietly and easily in water. They can swim out of danger from the fox, hawk, bear, or wolf.

Grown-up beavers in the beaver pond often build canals, or ditches, in different directions away from the main pond. They use the canals to float logs to the main pond. They use the bark of these logs for food. They store some of the bark near their lodges for their winter food supply.

Beavers use the canals in times of danger. They can swim along in them much faster than they could travel on land. In this way they can keep away from the animals that harm them.

The mother and father work together to raise the babies. They look after the young beavers.

When danger is near the mother beaver slaps her broad tail on the water. What a splash she makes! The young beavers swim away to their lodges.

Beavers are very good woodcutters. They have sharp teeth. These teeth chip the pieces of bark and wood away very quickly. The chips fly fast. In a little while the tree falls over into the pond.

Beaver families work well together. They help one another to keep the dam in repair. They help one another to gather the food supply. They help one another when danger is near. But even beavers do not plan together as our families do.

33.2.547 Mr. Lion, Pres. 

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and all

SKPAUL

and should

SKP-RBD

and the

SKP-T

any of

TPHEUF

be the

BT

capital

KPAL

had a

HA

he was

EFS

he were

ERP

I am

KWRAEUPL

I am the

KWRAEUPLT

I shall

EURBL

idea

KWR-D

idea of

KWR-FD

in the

TPH-T

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

lion

HRAO*EUPB

may have

PHAEUF

of the

-FT

on and

SKPOPB

one of

WUFPB

president

PREZ

province

PROFPBS

shall be

SH-B

shall have

SH-F

should be

SHOB

sparrow

SPAEUR/ROE

talking about

TPWAUG

than the

THAPBT

to be

TOB

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

who had

WHOD

would be

WOB

Text

Mr. Frog lived in the jungle pool; Mr. Fox and Mr. Wolf lived near the pool; and Mr. Lion and Mr. Elephant and all the little sparrows came to drink in the pool. One day they fell to talking about clubs. The sparrows told about some boys in the North who had a club, and one of them was president.

The animals liked the idea of having a club, but the trouble was that each wanted to be president. Mr. Elephant said he was older than the others (he was so proud of his age!) and should be president. Mr. Frog said it would be easy if he were president because he was always right there in the pool. A sparrow wanted to be president because he had traveled farther than any of the others. Why, he knew nines provinces and the capital of each one! Sly Mr. Fox and clever Mr. Wolf said nothing.

Mr. Lion spoke up: "I shall be the first president. I am the king of the beasts. I shall have my cards printed, ' Mr. Lion, Pres.'. The rest of you may have your, 'Vice-Pres.'."

33.2.548 Jumping Buttons

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and this

STHAPBD

from the

TPR-T

full of

TPUFL

he was

EFS

he would

ELD

I think

KWREUBG

I was

EUFS

learned to

THROERPBD

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

out to

TPOUT

that he

THAE

to the

TOT

Text

"Buttons" was a small horse, rust brown in color, lively and full of separate. Once he was out of the stable, he would switch his tail and lay back his ears if anyone tried to hitch him to a post and leave him there. When his saddle and bridle were on, he was anxious for that first wild run.

One summer the owner of Buttons decided to train him for hunting, and this meant that he had to master all the difficulties of jumping. The owner's plan was to let me ride Buttons and thus to train us both. I think Buttons understood, because he teased me right from the start.

Early one morning we rode our horses out to the ring. Buttons tossed his head and tried to refuse the lowest jumps, but I rode with a determined hand. He was rapidly approaching a two-foot jump when, midway, he stopped dead. I was thrown neatly over his head and landed on my feet -- still holding a strap.

Poor Buttons! Nothing, however, could prevent the lessons from continuing. I mounted and tried again. By fall Buttons had learned to jump.

33.2.549 How Cougars Get Their Food

Selected Words

all the

AULT

calves

KA*FLS

cougar

KAOUG A*R

could not

KOPBLT

for the

TP-RT

from a

TPRA*

he wants

HEPTS

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

is not

S-PBLT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

that the

THAT

they want

THEPT

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

Text

Your ears could not have heard father cougar coming up to the door of the cave. He moved quietly among the rocks. His feet made almost no noise as he walked.

This is one way cougars use to get their food. They move slowly and quietly until they are near the animal they want. Then they give a quick jump. They jump so quickly that the animal has no time to get away.

Sometimes a cougar lice flat on the limb of a tree. He lice there until an animal walks under the tree. Then with a quick strong jump he drops down upon it and one more animal is food for his family. Not many animals can get away from a cougar when he tries this trick. All animals try to keep out of the way of the cougar's strong claws.

The cougar is not friendly to any another animals. In all the woods and fields, no other animals are friendly to him.

The cougar can have almost any animal he wants for food. Sometimes he catches small animals. They are good eating for the cougar kittens. Rabbits, lambs, and birds of many kinds are eaten by cougar kittens.

But grown-up cougars can catch almost any animal they happen to meet. They sometimes catch young colts, sheep, and calves. They catch young deer and grown-up deer. They even take cows and grown-up horses for their dinner.

Sometimes cougars cannot find food nearby. Then they travel about until they find something to eat. Sometimes the cougars travel miles and miles for food. Farmers watch their sheep and calves and colts when cougars are about.

Cougars rest in the daytime and go out for food at night. They look for food when many other animals are resting. Catching animals at rest is easy work for cougars.

33.2.550 From Jean of Fort Garry

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

and he

SKPE

and the

SKP-T

for the

TP-RT

from a

TPRA*

I shall

EURBL

in the

TPH-T

Main Street

PHAEUPB STRAOET

on the

OPBT

since it

STEUPBS

we have

SWRAOE

Text

My dearest Mary,

In Fort Gary people are willing to work together for the good of all. Our governor does not allow anyone to disobey his orders, and he is quick to arrest and punish any man who finds fault with him. We pity anyone who makes him angry and must go to jail.

Since it is dangerous to live far from a settlement, we have built a house here. It is on the Main Street. It is two stories high and has a stone chimney. My bedroom is in the upper story. In the winter a curtain around my bed helps to keep out the cold. Father was able to higher a man to make a cedar chest for me. In it I keep my prettiest jacket, my winter clothes, and the yarn I shall use for Father's socks.

Your cousin,

Jean

33.2.551 Sixth Grade Sewing

Selected Words

and an

SKPAPB

and it

SKPEUT

and the

SKP-T

at the

TE

did the

TK-T

I have

SREU

in the

TPH-T

it could

T-BGD

it was

T-FS

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

scissor

S*EUFR

should be

SHOB

there was

THR-FS

they should

THERBD

they were

THERP

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

we were

WERP

which was

WEUFS

would be

WOB

Text

At the bottom of my cedar chest lies a white apron which I made in the sixth grade. It was one of the hardest things I have ever done and it could never be put to ordinary use.

On Friday afternoons the girls had sewing and the boys, manual training. I thought sewing would be much nicer than it proved -- especially when we were given needles, thread, little blue thimbles, and shine scissors.

The teacher's method was to go from something simple to something hard. First, I believe, we each brought a towel from home and put a hem at either end. We next made kitchen curtains, with a hem at either end. We next made kitchen curtains, with a hem at the top of each and an edging of lace across the bottom. Then we began on the apron. The teacher showed us a sample of what they should be like when they were finished. There was a full skirt gathered into a belt, above which was a bib with two long straps crossing in the back. We pinned a paper pattern to the cloth, and the teacher did the cutting. Then we made the aprons ourselves!

33.2.552 Hogs – Wild and Tame

Selected Words

activity

TAEFT

affectionate

A*FBGS TPHAT

and he

SKPE

as a

SA*Z

because of

PWAUFS

because of the

PWAUFTS

case of

KAEUFS

full of

TPUFL

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

spite of

SPAOEUF

that are

THAR

where he

WRE

would be

WOB

Text

The hog is a comical chap, with his fat sides, curly tail, tiny eyes, turned-up nose. In Jamaica where he runs wild he prefers a moist soil bordered by woods thick with brush, where he may hide in case of danger. He feeds on pecans, acorns, and other nuts and he is a swift runner in spite of his short legs. An angry wild hog is not pleasant to meet.

The tame hog raised on the farm provides the nation with lard, bacon, and ham. Baby pigs are bright little creatures that are full of activity. They make affectionate pets.

"Dirty as a pig" is not a fair statement. Pigs would be clean if their owners would provide them with proper pens. Because of the poor conditions in which they are often kept, they must roll around in the slippery mud to rid their delicate skins of flies and other insects.

33.2.553 On a Western Farm

Selected Words

after all

AFL

and could

SKP-BGD

and the

SKP-T

at the

TE

could be

KOB

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

front of

TPROFPBT

herald

HERLD

hoed

HO*D

in front

STPROPBT

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

Jacob

SKWRAEU KOB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

produced

PRO*UD

Small

SPHA*UL

some of

SPHOF

stubborn

STURPB

to be

TOB

will not

HR-PBLT

Text

Jacob Small and his daughter, Martha, stood apart from the others, on a hill behind the house, looking over Jacob's high mountain farm. It was early September and harvest time for many of his crops. The oats had been cut, and the alfalfa was being cut again now. The men in the fields below were bringing in what promised to be a huge crop. It had paid him after all to plant the alfalfa on those acres of stubborn land that had once produced such poor hay. The alfalfa would earn him a neat sum this year, even after his own barns were well stored with it.

Mr. Small glanced at his fine vegetable garden, which lay on the slopes in front of the house. The potatoes had been hoed for the last time and could be dug before long.

Martha's flower garden at the side of the house was still a mass of color. "Remember, Father," Martha said, "you promised to divide some of my plants this fall."

Her father smiled and said, "That will not need to be done till the last." As Jacob stood there with his daughter, a cold wind heralded the approach of winter and the end of his year's labor.

33.2.554 Benjamin Franklin’s Discovery

Selected Words

all of

A*UFL

did a

TKA

did not

TKEUPBLT

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

in the

TPH-T

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

should not

SHOPBLT

they know

TH*EPB

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

who could

WHOBGD

years ago

KWRAOERGS

you should

URBD

Text

Boys and girls of today are just as interested in thunder and lightning as boys and girls were many years ago. We like to with a the flashes of light zigzag across the sky. We listen for the rumbling of the thunder that follows.

Today boys and girls know what lightning it. They know it the really electricity. But many years ago boys and girls did not know what lightning was. They often asked their patients, who could only answer, "We don't know."

About two hundred years ago Benjamin Franklin found out what lightning is. He did a very dangerous experiment to find out. You should not try to do this experiment.

He fastened a key to the end of a long kite string. In one hand he held a piece of silk ribbon. In the other hand he held the kite string. He took his height out during an electric storm. The string of the kite got wet with rain. It carried the electricity from the lightning down to the key. Sparks jumped from the key to the hand that held the silk.

That was all Benjamin Franklin needed to know. He had proved for all of us that lightning is electricity.

33.2.555 Vann and His Family

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

are not

R-PBLT

he has

HEZ

in a

TPHA*EU

lettuce

HRET TUS

olive

OL EUF

olive oil

SREULG

potato

POE TAEUT

she has

SHEZ

she is

SHES

sugar

SHUG

village

SROEUL

which the

KH-T

years old

KWRAERLDZ

Text

Vann and his family live in a village in France. They have lettuce, beans, peas, potatoes, and other vegetables in their garden, and Vann's mother makes butter and cheese. Most of their food comes from their own farm. They are not rich, but they buy sugar, salt, olive oil, and the bread which the village baker bakes in a large brick oven.

Vann's mother wears a white bonnet and apron. She has a smile for her family even though she is busy all day cooking, sewing, and washing. Vann is only eleven years old, but he helps, too. When he has time, he plays with his pet rabbit.

33.2.556 On a Ranch

Selected Words

ask you

SKU

at a

T*A

from the

TPR-T

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

there is

THR-LGS

when the

WHEPBT

will not

HR-PBLT

you should

URBD

you will

HR*U

Text

If you should decide to visit the West, plan to remain for a short time at a ranch home. You may ride with a cowboy who will tell you, perhaps, of foolish calves that drift apart from the heard, of beef cattle being driven to market, or of the days of the open range when the stock wandered at will.

Some evening you may eat supper around an open campfire. The cowboys will ask you to join their singing afterward. Their songs tell of fair weather and of foul, of the weary search for stray cattle, and of the cowboy buried in a lonely grave. Two favorites are "Home on the Range" and "The Last Round-up." You will not be lonesome, for there is never a dull minute on the ranch.

33.2.557 Monarch Butterflies Are Not Afraid

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

do not

TKPHOT

fun to

TPOUPB

hand and

SKPHAPBD

have a

SRA

in the

TPH-T

milkweed

PH*EULG WAOED TK-FPS

one of

WUFPB

to you

TOU

you can

UBG

Text

Monarch butterflies do not have many enemies because they have a bad taste. Most birds and other insects do not like to eat them.

It is fun to watch monarch butterflies flying about. They are not afraid of birds. Sometimes they fly about with them.

They are not so afraid of people as most butterflies are. You can make a butterfly come to you.

Take a flower in your hand and stand very quietly in your garden. If monarch butterflies are in the garden, one of them may fly to you. Sometimes one will sit on your hand.

33.2.558 A Valentine Party

Selected Words

from the

TPR-T

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

to find

TOFPBD

valentine

SRAL EPB TAOEUPB

Valentine

SRAL TAOEUPB

Text

The children in the third grade invited their mothers to a valentine party at school. They like to draw and paint, so each child made a valentine for his mother.

Jerry met the visitors in the hall. He showed them how to find the third-grade room without getting lost. First the children gave a short program. Then they opened the valentine box.

"Oh, oh, see my valentine!" said Ann's mother. "One from the store isn't so pretty as this."

"See mine," said Jerry's mother. "I knew nothing about this. A valentine is a great surprise."

33.2.559 A Colonial Kitchen – Part 1

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and the

SKP-T

and would

SKP-LD

as a

SA*Z

colonial

KHROEPBL

could be

KOB

handle

HAPBL

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

it could

T-BGD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of the

-FT

skillet

SKEULT

that the

THAT

they would

THELD

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

Text

Daily life in colonial times began and ended around the fireplace in the room at first called the "common room", and later called the kitchen. The huge fireplace was of the English pattern. Across it stretched a big green timber from which hung the pots and kettles, the pride of every colonist's home. In time the green timber burned through, and the burnt wood had to be replaced. Later this timber gave way to an iron crane.

Each kettle, skillet, and pot of those times was made with legs so that it could be placed in the hot ashes without making the food too hot. Every kind of pan and every spoon used to stir food was made with a very long handle so that the cook need not stoop nor get too close to the fire.

The early settlers didn't prepare food in a great variety of ways. They would either boil or roast their meats and would mix all the vegetables together for boiling. When ovens were built into the chimney beside the fireplace, baying was done once a week as a special treat.

33.2.560 Merlin, the Magic Man

Selected Words

and he

SKPE

and the

SKP-T

as a

SA*Z

Auntie

AUPBT KWREU

he could

HEBGD

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

Merlin

PH*ERPBL

middle

PH*EULD

middle of

PH*EUFLD

mirror

PHROR

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

performed

P-FRPLD

social

SORBL

turned into

TPHAO*URPBD

when the

WHEPBT

Text

On the seventh of December Auntie Kay gave a party for her niece, Barbara. The invitations read, "Come to a social evening to meet Merlin, the Magic Man."

When the guests arrived, they found Auntie Kay's living-room turned into a kind of theater. A black rug covered the floor, and the walls were hung with black velvet curtains. Lights were low, and in the middle of the room stood a table with a mirror on each side.

Merlin appeared from behind the curtains and started his magic. He performed clever tricks with cards and coins. He put two coins into the middle of a dainty scarf, and while one of the ladies held it, he tore it open and took out one of the coins. Then he mended it by "magic", and when the lady opened the scarf, she found both coins inside again and no hole at all!

Just as a joke, Merlin said he could make a cup of hot chocolate disappear. And he did -- by drinking it!

33.2.561 Some Animals Live Alone Almost All the Time

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and an

SKPAPB

are not

R-PBLT

at the

TE

because of

PWAUFS

because of the

PWAUFTS

can you

KU

different from

TKREUFRPB

do not

TKPHOT

do the

TKO*T

during the

TKURGT

for the

TP-RT

from a

TPRA*

happened to

THAOPD

have been

SR-B

in a

TPHA*EU

in each

TPHAOEFP

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

likely to

THRAOEULG

may have

PHAEUF

number of

TPHUFPL

of the

-FT

on that

THAOPB

on the

OPBT

one that

TWHAUPB

out of

OUFT

ready to

TKRAOE

some of

SPHOF

that is

THAS

there are

THR-R

there was

THR-FS

there were

THR-RP

they can

THEBG

they do

TKHOE

they were

THERP

this is

TH-S

to be

TOB

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

when the

WHEPBT

you can

UBG

Text

There are many animals that live alone most of their lives. These unanimous go their own way, getting food wherever they can. They have almost no family life. They live together for only a short time, while they mate. Frogs, toads, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, fish, and many insects are some of these unanimous. These unanimous are sometimes called solitary animals. They live alone except at mating time.

Some bees live alone almost all the time. They come to the only to mate. These bees are called solitary. They build their nests in the ground, in plants, or in holes in walls or trees.

The bee that almost always lives alone builds a row of cells like those you see in the picture. In each cell she places a ball of bee-bread and an egg. When the young bee hatches it eats the bee-bread.

The mason bee builds its never of clay. It fastens the nest to stones in a field. After the cells have been built, the bee gathers pollen for bee-bread and nectar for honey. Then she lays her eggs. She builds a thick cover over the top of the nest to protect the eggs.

Some wasps live alone most of the time. They come together only to mate. The mud-dauber wasp builds her nest of stones and mud on the ground. There are several rooms in the nest. She puts a caterpillar in each room. She hunts the caterpillars, poisons them, and pulls them home. Then she lays an egg on each caterpillar and shuts the door of each room. When the babies hatch, they have plenty of food to last them until they can hunt for themselves.

The cicada-killer wasp lives alone, too. It builds a nest under the ground. The wasp puts cicadas, often called locusts, in the nest for the babies to eat when they hatch.

Some animals are seen to the, but not because they help one another. They are together for other reasons. Most butterflies feed together in gardens. They come there because of the smell of the flowers which they get their food.

Many other insects are together because their eggs have been laid in the same place. You may have seen May flies, hundreds of them, flying together over a lake. They are together only because their eggs happened to be laid on that lake. They do not help one another.

This kind of group is quite different from a herd of deer feeding together or a hill of ants workinging together. Can you seat that it is? The May flies are in the same place by accident. They do not stay together. They are likely to separate. The deer are together because being together protects them.

Go to a pond on a sunny day. You may see a number of turtles sunning themselves on the same board or rock which sticks out of the water. You may think that this is a flock, or school, of turtles; but that is not true. They are together only because they happened to see that place to sun themselves. Each one crawled up. When there was no more room, the one that came late crawled on top of the others.

Crocodiles and alligators do the same thing. They are together because they just happen to find the same place in which to sun themselves. Snakes gather in stony places for the same reason.

Frogs often sit together upon logs and pond lilies to sun themselves. Each one comes there alone, and each one leaves alone when he is ready to take a dip into the water.

You often see pictures of animals around a water hole during the dry advertisements of the year. They are there only to get water. They just happen to be there at the same time of day to get it.

Cabbage butterflies are sometimes seen flying together in the garden. These butterflies are together quite by accident. They have come to the garden because the cabbage and other vegetables attract them.

Mosquitoes are often found together in great numbers. They live in places where water stands still a long time. They are not a family, as bees are. The mosquitoes are thick in these places because the eggs from which they hatched were laid all together in the water. When the larvae hatched, there were many of them growing up right near each other.

Do houseflies gather on the screen door of your kitchen? In the fall you can sometimes find a hundred or more flies waiting to get into the kitchen. They smell the good food that is cooking inside. But these flies do not belong to a family. They are together quite by accident. They were attracted to the kitchen door by the smell of food cooking in the kitchen.

33.2.562 Jane’s Discovery

Selected Words

go into

TKPWHAO

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is that

STHA

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

part of the

PAFRT

said that

STHAEUD

she said

SHEBS

she was

SHEFS

that is

THAS

that many

THAEPL

that the

THAT

we say

WEBZ

what is

SWHA*

what the

WHA*T

when I

WHEU

when she

SWHE

Text

"Mother," called Jane one cold day, "come quickly! Something is wrong. My hair sticks straight up when I comb it."

Mother was amused. She knew what the matter was. Jane was making a discovery. She was making electricity.

"I hear a crackling sound too, Mother. What is that?"

"Let's go into this dark closet a minute," said Mother. "Bring Richard too."

Jane combed her hair in the dark. She looked in the mirror on the closet door. She saw tiny sparks as she combed. She heard that crackling noise again. Then Jane tried combing Richard's hair. The same thing happened.

Mother explained electricity to Jane and Richard. She said that many objects make electricity when they are rubbed. That is what Jane's hair did when she rubbed it. Part of the electricity went out of Jane's hair and into the comb. We say an electric spark was made. The crackling noise was like the noise of thunder that follows a flash the lightning. Only the spark was so tiny that the noise was only a tiny crackle.

33.2.563 Canals and Boats

Selected Words

as it

TAZ

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

between the

TWAOEPBT

came in

TKPHAEUPL

canal

KAPBL

Canal

KA* TPHAL

Erie

AO*ER RAOE

Erie Canal

AOE RAOE KA TPHAL

had a

HA

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

more than

PH-RPB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

passengers

PAFPBGS

railroad

R-RD

there was

THR-FS

they could

THEBGD

though the

THOET

which was

WEUFS

years ago

KWRAOERGS

Text

More than a hundred years ago, before railroads really got started in the East, people decided to build canals for water travel. In 1817 the famous Erie Canal was built. Water for this big "ditch", as it was called, came in from every creek, brook, river, pond, and lake nearby.

The kind of boat which was most used for carrying passengers had a flat bottom. Though the people could eat inside and each one could sleep in a cabin, they spent most of their time on the top deck. There they could look at the pleasant green fields, trees, bushes, and flowers, as the boat slid along slowly between the banks.

Canal boats were pulled by horses. Beside the canal ran a path, and here two horses walked, pulling the boast by means of a heavy rope. Men rode the horses and watched for boats coming toward them.

Since there was no fence along the side of the canal, anyone who stood too close was in danger of falling in and getting a ducking!

33.2.564 Tommy’s Job

Selected Words

at the

TE

chance to

TKHAOPBS

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

more than

PH-RPB

of a

AEUF

off the

OFT

on the

OPBT

out and

SKPOUT

there was

THR-FS

to the

TOT

with the

W-T

Text

Tommy's daily job during Christmas vacation was to shovel the snow off the front walk and put sand on it every afternoon before his grandfather went uptown to the bank. It was the sixth day on which snow had fallen and no change in the weather was in sight. Tommy was getting tired of shaking the snowflakes off his clothes. He just never felt dried out! So he thought of a plan -- to pay a boy in the neighborhood to shovel, and then to do a quick sanding himself.

The next afternoon Tommy glanced at the clock on the shelf in the dining-room. The clock was beneath a picture with the title, "Snow over the Valley" which Tommy hated more than ever now. The hands pointed to seventeen minutes after two. No boy and no shovel were in sight. Then came eighteen, nineteen, twenty minutes after two. Still there was no boy. At twenty-two minutes after, Tommy rushed out and shoveled like mad. "That good-for-nothing kid!" he murmured. "He doesn't appreciate the chance to earn a dime a week!"

33.2.565 Susan Cavendish: Her Day Book

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and was

SKP-FS

Cavendish

KAFPB TKEURB

every night

EFRPBT

General

SKWR*EPBL

Governor

TKPWO*FRPB O*R

I am

KWRAEUPL

I have

SREU

I was

EUFS

is not

S-PBLT

Julie

SKWRAOUL/AO*E

May Day

PHA*EU TKA*EU

of it

T-F

out of

OUFT

period of

PAOEFRD

she is

SHES

that happened

THAPD

that she

STHAE

things that

THAEUPBGS

to have

TOF

we are

WER

went to

TWOEPBT

years ago

KWRAOERGS

Text

Many years ago, a little girl named Susan Cavendish kept a "day book", writing in it the interesting things that happened. This day book has come down to another Susan Cavendish, who often reads bits out of it, like these:

"January fifth. The Christmas season is over. I am tired of parties and balls."

"May first. Today was May Day. I was not the May Queen because I am only fourteen. It is true that Julie is fifteen, but she is not nearly so pretty. Mamma told me we are going north in June. I have started to brush my hair one hundred times every night."

Susan does not seem to have taken her day book north, because the next note was write September 20:

"We went to see the Governor-General yesterday. Wore my blue dress and was kissed by him!"

After that she writes of autumn and hunting and how she fell off her horse on October first. She had to remain in her bedroom for a long period of time and miss three grand balls!

33.2.566 The Crossword Puzzle

Selected Words

abbreviation

PWRAOEFGS

envelope

TPH-FL

from the

TPR-T

going to

TKPW*GS

going to do

TKPW*G TKPO

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

Judy

SKWRO*EUD

number of

TPHUFPL

of course

-FBG

of the

-FT

she could

SHEBGD

so far

STPAR

that was

THAFS

there are

THR-R

they were

THERP

what you

WHAU

with the

W-T

would be

WOB

Text

Judy was doing a crossword puzzle that her father had cut from the newspaper. "Remember, Judy," Father had said in the morning, "you're going to do this one all by yourself!"

"Suppose I get stuck?" laughed Judy. "There are such hard words here!" But Judy hadn't got stuck so far. She could figure out "two letters meaning afternoon". That was "P.M.". She could write the longest name for a day of the week in three letters -- " Wed.". She knew a short word for examinations -- "exams.". She knew the abbreviation of two months beginning with the letter "A..". They were "Apr." And "Aug.". "Next after eighth" was, of course, "ninth".

Judy had to think a while to get some especially hard ones, like "the reply to a question", "dividing one number by another", and "the number of eggs most people buy". At last she wrote "ans.", "division", and "dozen". Just one more word and her puzzle would be finished! "What you put a letter in". Judy thought and thought. Was it "mailbox"? Oh, no. It was "envelope"!

33.2.567 About a Book

Selected Words

as the

SAZ

at one

TWUPB

began to

STKPWAOPB

he said

HEBS

I can

AOEUBG

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

machine

PH-PB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

there was

THR-FS

they were

THERP

to the

TOT

will be

HR-B

with the

W-T

years ago

KWRAOERGS

Text

Years ago I read a very interesting book, "The story of the Electric Elephant". Two boys were on a trip with their family in a far-off country. One day the boys found a large elephant standing very still. At first they were afraid, but they soon saw that there was something different about this elephant. They both went up chose to it. It had real elephant skin, real teeth, ears, and tail, but in the elephant's side was a small open door. With the help of a long board, one of the boys got in and pulled the other in after him.

Inside the elephant the boys saw a beautiful room with pink lights and at one end an electric machine. One of the boys gave a cry and ran to the machine. "I can make it go," he said. "It will carry us away. This will be our own elephant." As the boys began to talk, the electric elephant started to move. The rest of the book told about their interesting travels.

33.2.568 A Letter from the City

Selected Words

aerial

AEUR KWRAL

and a

SKPA

cafeteria

KAF TAOER KWRA

do you

TKOU

during the

TKURGT

etc.

*ETS

glad to

TKPWHRAOD

I am

KWRAEUPL

I can

AOEUBG

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is to

STO

is to be

STOB

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

want to

TWAOPBT

want to

WA*PBT

why not

KWR-PBLT

you want

UPBT

Text

May 20

Dear Bob:

I was glad to get your letter written on the seventeenth. You talked of coming to the city some day to make your fortune. Why not come now? I can get you a job during the day if you want to work in the cafeteria with me. The hardest thing about it is to be civil to customers when they are difficult.

At night I do more interesting things. Right now I am working in a music shop and learning a good deal about radios. I repaired one recently and put in the aerial by myself! I am learning how to tune pianos and how to put varnish on violins so that it will harden properly. I am also teaching English to one of the men in the shop. Imagine my explaining the difference between a verb and a noun!

How is your mother? Is she still weaving those beautiful materials? I never see anything as fine in the shops here. Do you still have your pet crow, and does he steal nails, shiny tax, etc., as he used to?

Sincerely,

Jim

33.2.569 A Bicycle Trip

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

at an

TA*PB

at the

TE

back and

SKPWABG

before the

PW-FRT

border

PWRORD

engagement

EPB TKPWAEUPLT

I said

EUBS

in the

TPH-T

of the

-FT

overall

AUFRL

Switzerland

SWEUZ HRAPBD

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

turn in

TPHURPB

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

we could

WEBGD

we were

WERP

with the

W-T

Text

One summer in Switzerland Peggy and I started on a bicycle trip. We left the lake early. Our plan was to have lunch at an inn near the French border, where Peggy's aunt was staying, and return in time for an evening engagement at the hotel.

Imagine our disappointment when we heard the inner tube of Peggy's rear tire blow out! Peggy gave each of the tires a hard kick to relieve her feelings. Then we sat down to discuss our unhappy situation. Should we walk back and send a telegram to Peggy's aunt?

"If only we were in Canada," I said, "we could thumb a ride or hail a bus!"

"We'll thumb a ride here!" cried Peggy. "We'll signal the next truck! We can ride with the driver and put our bikes in the back." Peggy waved her red sweater at the next truck and explained to the old Swiss in neat blue overalls what we wanted to do. Talking with him was good practice, and we became we acquainted before the journey was over.

33.2.570 Thanksgiving Day

Selected Words

all the

AULT

at a

T*A

grandfather

TKPWR-F

I can

AOEUBG

I can't

AOEUBGT

is the

S-T

Thanksgiving Day

THAPBGS TKPWEUFG TKAEU

to the

TOT

went to

TWOEPBT

you ever

UFR

Text

On Thanksgiving Day the Clarks went to the country to spend the day with Jim's grandmother and grandfather and his aunt and uncle. First everyone went to church. The people sang songs and thanked God for having kept them safe and happy all the year.

After church the family had their dinner. Grandfather gave Jim a turkey leg. "M-m-m," said Jim, "Grandmother surely knows how to cook!"

"The pumpkin pie is the best you ever made," said Father to Grandmother, "But I can't eat another bite. Your dinner was fit for a king."

33.2.571 Volleyball Championship

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

and I was

SKPEUFS

and she

SKPHE

at the

TE

championship

KHA*PL SH-P

croquet

KROE KAEU

I had

H*EU

I was

EUFS

is a

SA*EU

kindergarten

KEUPBD TKPWARPB

of the

-FT

picture of

TP*EUFP

she said

SHEBS

to be

TOB

to me

TPHE

volleyball

SROBL

we were

WERP

when the

WHEPBT

who was

WHOFS

Text

Thurs., Mar. 13.

Dear Barbara:

We won the volleyball championship! Six schools competed, and we came out highest. Volleyball is a great sport!

The final game was played yesterday. I'll tell you a secret -- I almost made our team lose the championship! I was jealous of the girl who was elected captain, and I was satisfied not to play my best. At the end of the first half we were behind, 8-4. Our monitor said to me, "You ought to be in kindergarten playing croquet!" Then I realized what poor sport I had been. I told our coach I was sorry, and she said, "Everybody makes mistakes." When the game started again, let me tell you, I played hard. Soon we knew the championship was safe.

Mother showed me a picture of her school volleyball team. They wore bloomers and looked very silly indeed.

As ever,

Joan

33.2.572 Paths for Electricity

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

as you

AUZ

between the

TWAOEPBT

can be

K-B

conductor

KURBGT

do the

TKO*T

have been

SR-B

if the

TP-T

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

is not

S-PBLT

of a

AEUF

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

picture of

TP*EUFP

see it

STAOE

should not

SHOPBLT

that are

THAR

that you

THAU

there is

THR-LGS

will the

HR-T

you can

UBG

you do

TKO*U

you should

URBD

you will

HR*U

Text

Some things make good paths along which electricity may travel. The copper wire you have been using in your experiments makes a good path. If you cut the copper wire, the bell stops ringing. There is air between the cut ends of the wire. Electricity is not able to travel along an air pathway.

We say that some thing conduct electricity better than other things. Copper wire conducts electricity better than iron wire does. Let's see what some other good conductors are. Lay a steel knitting needle across the wire just as you see it done in the picture. Will the bell ring now? Try a piece of chalk. Try the blade of a jackknife, a piece of cloth, a gold ring, an iron nail, and many other objects.

You might like to keep a record of the results of your experiments. Make two charts on large pieces of paper. On one chart show the objects that are poor conductors of electricity. On the other chart show the objects that are good conductors. Either fasten the object itself on the chart or paste on a picture of it.

Be sure you do the experiment with each object you put on the chart. You should not guess about whether copper wire or chalk or glass or gold or scissors are good conductors. You can be sure of your facts. If the bell rings, you will know that you have put a good conductor across the bare parts of the wire.

33.2.573 In the Rockies

Selected Words

and had

SKP-D

and I

SKPEU

and she

SKPHE

and the

SKP-T

appreciate

PRAOERBT

at once

TWUPBS

at the

TE

attention

TAEPBGS

attention to

A TOEPBGS

been in

TPWH-PB

constantly

STAPBLT

down the

TKOUPBT

I had

H*EU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

picture of

TP*EUFP

powder

PO*URD

so the

SOT

the Rockies

-T ROBG KWREU -S

there was

THR-FS

there were

THR-RP

they would

THELD

umbrella

UPL PWREL HRA

unable

TPHA*EUBL

we were

WERP

Text

Father and I had been in the Rockies for nearly two weeks and had never for a moment tired of the great mass of colored rock and the tiny silver river a mile below. The reds, blues, browns, and yellows of the canyon so constantly changed their shades that Father had been unable to paint them.

One afternoon, as we were standing on the hotel porch, a young couple arrived. The girl wore a bunch of violets in her hair. A bride, I thought, as I watched her powder her pretty little nose while her husband went inside to check their bags and umbrella. There were no clouds in the sky, and there was no danger of a shower, so the young couple hired donkeys to ride down the trail. We decided to follow them, curious to see if they would appreciate the colors. The bride kept on pointing here and there, paying no attention to her donkey. All at once it gave a frisky jerk, and she found herself sitting in a bush at the side of the road. We all burst out laughing, even the bide. Father said held rather paint that funny sight than a picture of the canyon.

33.2.574 What Is a Short Circuit?

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

can find

K-FPBD

did not

TKEUPBLT

have a

SRA

how it

THOU

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

it can

T-BG

middle of

PH*EUFLD

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

the two

TWOT

there is

THR-LGS

went into

TPWHAOEPBT

when you

WHU

which the

KH-T

you are

R*U

Text

Sometimes there is a short circuit and the lights go out in your house. This will explain how it can happen.

Wire a light to a dry cell. Have a complete path along which the electricity may travel. Now scrape the covering off the middle of each wire. Cross the wires at this point. Does the light go out?

Electricity will always travel along the shortest path it can find. When you crossed the two wires you are formed a short path, or short circuit, along which the electricity traveled. None of the electricity went into the light. The light did not go on because the electricity took the short circuit back into the dry cell.

33.2.575 Summer on a Swiss Mountain

Selected Words

and an

SKPAPB

and the

SKP-T

at the

TE

down the

TKOUPBT

for the

TP-RT

gets to

TKPWOETS

in the

TPH-T

mountainside

PHOUPB TAEUPBDZ

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

Swiss

SWEUS

through the

THRUT

up and

SKPUP

while the

WHAOEULT

Text

When warm days mark the coming of summer, many Swiss farmers move their herds up the mountainside to spend a few months on green pastures in the high valleys.

At noon one day you may see a long line of cows, a calf or two, and some goats and kids, passing through the streets of a mountain village. The sounds of cow bells ringing, of feet tapping on a wooden bridge, and of the voices of young men singing, are sweet in the clear air. Up and up climb the men and animals, until each farmer reaches his stone cabin, in one corner of his pasture.

All day long the boys and dogs mind the cows and the gets to, while the men are busy making cheese and storing it away in their cool cellars. At the end of the summer the farmers hurry their animals down the mountainside -- home again for the winter.

33.2.576 Circus Day

Selected Words

as a

SA*Z

at once

TWUPBS

at the

TE

early morning

ERPBLG

full of

TPUFL

going to

TKPW*GS

going to do

TKPW*G TKPO

in the

TPH-T

Jenkins

SKWROEUPBGS

merry-go-round

PHER KWREU TKPW ROUPBD

no one

TPHOEUPB

of the

-FT

see-saw

SAOE SAU

that he

THAE

they were

THERP

this was

TH-FS

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

upside

UPDZ

Text

Usually the eight Jenkins children were happy to play on their see-saws or to hop on their miniature merry-go-around. Today the opposite was true, for this was circus day.

In the early morning sunshine Mr. Jenkins was seen walking in the direction of the circus lot with his eight delighted children. In one hand he carried a camera and under his arm was a bag full of sandwiches and cookies. At the circus grounds they watched the tent stakes being driven in and saw the "big top" go up. After the show had begun, the children tried to see everything at once. They were especially excited when a man dressed like a red devil walked upside down at the top of the tent. All eight children kept asking questions all day long: "How's he going to do this, Dad? What's that for, Dad?"

So it went, until by night Mr. Jenkins was so tired that he thought how easy his job as a roofer was. A man could shingle a house all day and no one even spoke to him!

33.2.577 Everyday Fun

Selected Words

all right

HR-RT

All right

HRAOEURBLT

and was

SKP-FS

answer in

TPHAEPBS

at a

T*A

did not

TKEUPBLT

from the

TPR-T

fun to

TPOUPB

he was

EFS

he would

ELD

if a

TPA*EU

it was

T-FS

living room

HR*EUFRPL

living room

HR*R

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

Public Library

to find

TOFPBD

value to

STRAOUL

would not

WOPBLT

Text

In one corner of the big living room was the camp library. It was in charge of one of the older boys, and was helpful and of great value to everyone. If a question about nature study should happen to come up, Mr. Jones would say, "Let's try to find the answer in one of these books."

There was a file of interesting magazines too, including a copy of Boys' Life. The boy could also borrow books from the public library in town or rent them from the store. On a rainy day Pete did not mind paying a few cents for a good adventure story.

Pete was most excited to pitch for his team. It was certainly fun to throw his fast one at a sign from the catcher. Once he was discouraged because he would not locate the plate, but later on when Mr. Jones spoke kindly to him at silent period, Pete felt all right again.

33.2.578 Crocodiles

Selected Words

above the

PWOFT

African

A*FRPB

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

and will

SKP-L

as far as

STPARS

creature

KRAOEFP

crocodile

KROBG TKAOEUL

group of

TKPWRAOUFP

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is no

STPHO

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

prey

PRA*EU

there is

THR-LGS

to be

TOB

Text

A pale yellow butterfly flew here and there to taste the honey of the jungle flowers. It flew with careless ease over the back of a crocodile stretched out on a dry bank and taking a nap in the sun. It flew into the dark swamp where trees hung low over the water and a group of crock dials lay just below the surface with only their bright eyes and the ends of their long noses showing above the water.

These were African man-eating crock dials, from which there is no escape for man, bird, or fish. They are awfully fierce creatures and will even rush out of the water and chase their prey as far as their short, weak legs will permit! A puff of wind carried the pale yellow butterfly out of danger.

On a bank lay the crocodile's nest with about thirty eggs waiting to be hatched by the sun. Thirty more man-eating crocodiles!

33.2.579 Down Mexico Way

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

as an

SA*EPB

as big as

SPWEUGS

do you

TKOU

is a

SA*EU

of the

-FT

saw it

STAU

that are

THAR

there is

THR-LGS

United States

*US

Text

Let us visit a market in Mexico, the land beyond the southern border of the United States. Here comes a farmer wearing a gay blanket, or serape, over his shoulder. His saw it hat is almost as big as an umbrella. He is leading his gentle donkey. Do you like the bright-colored shawls and waists and the full skirts that are worn by the women? See the fruit and vegetables for sale! Here are baskets of peppers, and there is a jar of flowers. Pottery-making is a Mexican art. For a penny or a nickel you may buy a painted pig. You may prefer a vase or bowl. There is something for every purse.

33.2.580 Mad Bull!

Selected Words

excitedly

KPAOEUT TKHREU

and over

SKPOFR

and the

SKP-T

at the

TE

back to

TPWAOBG

down the

TKOUPBT

from the

TPR-T

into the

TPHAOT

Main Street

PHAEUPB STRAOET

of the

-FT

some people

SPAOEPL

to the

TOT

which had

KH-D

Text

Every year in August a county fair and carnival are held for a week in Freeport. One Wednesday afternoon last year everything was in full swing -- the band was playing, the merry-go-round was turning, the horses were racing around the track, and over at the airport people were taking rides at five dollars apiece.

Suddenly a man waving a cane high above his head burst into the crowd and shouted excitedly, "Bull out! Mad bull! Run!"

Nobody spoke. Then a woman screamed, and the crowd suddenly melted away. Some people climbed on benches; others hid behind them. A few boys ran to the lake and jumped into a canoe.

The bull, which had broken loose from the animal pens, rushed down the main street of the fairgrounds, his head lowered. Someone was quick enough to close the gates, and the bull was stopped. His owner came along, snapped the chain into his nose ring, and led him back to his pen. The excitement was over.

33.2.581 Spring Cleaning

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

and a

SKPA

and an

SKPAPB

announcement

TPHOUPLT

Benson

PWEPBS *ON

cranberries

KRAPB PWER KWREU -S

in an

magazine

PHAG

of this

TH-F

she said

SHEBS

some of

SPHOF

there was

THR-FS

there were

THR-RP

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

you could

UBGD

Text

One day Mary Benson's mother sent her to the attic to do some spring cleaning. Mary put on an apron and carried water, soap, and clean cloths up the stairs. You could hear her whistle as she climbed.

Sunlight was streaming in through the dirty east window, and Mary decided to start in that corner. "I'll just move some of this stuff first," she said to herself, but her eye lighted on a little old trunk. Mary raised the lid.

Inside the trunk lay on old magazine. She glanced through it and found some notes in her grandchild's writing and a cross beside an article on how to cook cranberries. In an old box were a thin gold bracelet, a perfume bottle, and an old set of dominoes. There were yellowed posters about the public sale of Uncle Will's farm, and there was a large announcement of Grandma Benson's funeral. Under all this Mary found an old fiddle. Grandpa Benson's fiddle! Spring cleaning was forgotten as Mary drew the bow lightly across the strings.

33.2.582 Sharks

Selected Words

as it

TAZ

at the

TE

dangerous

TKAEURPBLGS

few of

TPAOUF

he has

HEZ

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

kind is

SKAOEUPBD

more than

PH-RPB

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

out to

TPOUT

that he

THAE

there are

THR-R

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

West Indies

WEFT EUPBD AO*E S

Text

Although there are many kinds of sharks in the northern and southern oceans, few of them are dangerous.

The small sharks live at the bottom of the ocean. One of them, the tiger shark, is a beauty, with his yellow and brown markings. The natives of the West Indies seem to be in agreement on fact that he is a man-eater.

The big sharks life near the surface of the ocean and quietly eat the assortment of tiny fish on top. First they dip under the water, and then they roll out to get the sun on their backs. One of the biggest is the whale shark, which attains a length of more than thirty feet. If attacked, he is certainly

dangerous. Another extremely dangerous kind is the white shark, as it really hunts and eats people.

A queer-looking shark is the hammerhead, which also belongs to the man-eating group. His head is shaped like a hammer, each end of which contains an eyes. He has great speed of movement, rising and falling and turning at unexpected movements.

33.2.583 Petroleum

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

as it

TAZ

as the

SAZ

because of

PWAUFS

because of the

PWAUFTS

can be

K-B

down in

TKPHOUPB

furnace

TPURPBS

gasoline

TKPWAS HRAOEPB

in the

TPH-T

is to

STO

is to be

STOB

it can

T-BG

it must

TPHUFT

kerosene

KER SAOEPB

millions of

PHOEUFPBS

motor

PHOERT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

petroleum

PRO*EPL

so many

SOEPL

that is

THAS

there is

THR-LGS

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

will find

HR-FPBD

world to

TWORLD

Text

Millions of people all over the world today want oil because of the invention of so many oil-burning machines. Oil comes from below the rock, deep under the ground, and workers must drill wells to get it out.

When men have decided in what section they will find oil, they build a tall tower over each place where there is to be a well, and the drilling is begun. Steel casings, like tubes, are put down in the hole as the drilling goes on. Sometimes the oil rushes up like a stream of water; sometimes it must be pumped up to the surface.

This oil, as it comes out of the earth, is called petroleum. To be heated it is shipped to distant plants -- through pipelines, by railroad tank cars, or by tank ships if it is to go from one port to another. When petroleum is heated, it can be separated into several products. First, gasoline for motor-cars is taken off. Then comes kerosene to burn in lamps or stoves. Next comes oil to burn in people's furnaces. Last of all comes the oil that is used to grease the different parts of a motor.

33.2.584 At a South African Port

Selected Words

and she

SKPHE

and the

SKP-T

as a

SA*Z

as soon as

S-PBS

at the

TE

been to

TPWOPB

beginning to

STKPWOEUPBG

human being

HAOUBG

now the

TPHOUT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

she was

SHEFS

South African

SO*UT AFR KAPB

to be

TOB

used in

TPHAOUFD

when the

WHEPBT

while the

WHAOEULT

with the

W-T

would be

WOB

Text

Leaning against the rail of the freight ship, Linda looked down at the dock. She was the only idle human being in view. Her father paced the deck and gave orders in his loud voice, while the sailors ran to and from to obey their captain. Shipping interested Linda, and she accompanied her father on most of his trips.

Even at dawn the heat was intense. When the ship had arrived at this South African port three days before, the first task had been to remove the cargo. For forty-eight hours the tough job of unloading machinery had gone on night and day. Now the ship was loaded with the precious ore to be used in making jewelry, and the ship was to leave as soon as a small leak had been mended.

Soon Linda heard the engines beginning to pound. A banner of white steam floated across the rosy sky. At last all was ready. The freight ship moved slowly away from her dock. White sandy beaches grew smaller. Only the deep blue sky overhead and the blue water around her remained the beat of the engines would be music in Linda's ears on the long voyage home.

33.2.585 Remembrance Day

Selected Words

Canadian

KA TPHAEUD KWRAPB

Flanders

TPHRAPB TKERS

from the

TPR-T

have been

SR-B

in the

TPH-T

Legion

HRAOE SKWROPB

might be

PHAOEUB

minister

PHEUPB STER

of the

-FT

remembrance

RERPBS

soldier

SHRERPBLG

the Bible

T PWAOEUBL

the president

T-PT

the President

T*PT

the two

TWOT

they believe

THEBL

they believed

THEBLD

to the

TOT

we are

WER

who had

WHOD

who were

WHORP

years old

KWRAERLDZ

Text

Each November eleventh we meet to do honor to the brave young men who fought in the two World Wars. We are round of those who were so true to their trust. They believed in truth, and many died so that we might be free.

At our school on last Remembrance Day, a minister said some prayers and then read some verses from the Bible. A girl thirteen years old read, from her school reader, a beautiful war poem, "In Flanders Fields."

Then the president of the Canadian Legion spoke in loving memory of our soldier, sailors, and airmen. He told us of the many stories which have been written about them. Everyone then stood in silence to honor those who had paid with their lives.

33.2.586 Letter to a Sister

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and I

SKPEU

and is

SKP-S

and so

SAOPBD

at once

TWUPBS

began to

STKPWAOPB

chemistry

SKR*EU

find it

TPHAOEUPBD

going to

TKPW*GS

have a

SRA

I am

KWRAEUPL

I think

KWREUBG

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

isn't it

ST-PBT

lbs.

HR*BS

likely to

THRAOEULG

mechanical

PHEBG K-L

Parker

PARBG *ER

realize that

THRAEFLZ

so I

SO*EU

that I

THAEU

that you

THAU

that you will

THAUL

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

very much

SR-FP

we are

WER

we were

WERP

will be

HR-B

with the

W-T

would have

WOUF

years old

KWRAERLDZ

you will

HR*U

you would

ULD

you would have

Text

Dear Sis:

I realize that your birthday is likely to be here very soon --some time next week, isn't it? -- and that you will be 13 years old, and so I am sending you a present. It is a small piece of jewelry. Notify me at once if it doesn't arrive.

Something very funny happened here last week -- something that I think you would have enjoyed seeing. The Parker boys next door have a small Shetland pony that weighs only about 300 lbs. and is scarcely bigger than a large dog, and is always getting loose and wandering around. Well, last evening, after dark, we were sitting in the parlor, with the long French windows open to the garden, when in popped the appoint! He bumped the table and knocked over the lamp, breaking the bulb. As I tried to catch him, he began to buck. Aunt Grace screamed. She thought all the parlor furniture was going to be ruined. Just at that moment Mr. Parker arrived with a flashlight, caught the pony and took him out.

School is nearly over. I enjoy maths., and mechanical drawing very much -- but not chemistry. We are studying rates of evaporation now, and I find it very dull.

Your brother,

Joe

33.2.587 Air Is a Mixture

Selected Words

a lot

HROELT

a lot of

HROEFLT

all of

A*UFL

all of you

AUFL U

all the

AULT

as a

SA*Z

but it

TPWUT

can be

K-B

carbon dioxide

KOEUBGS

dirigible

TKEURPBLG -BL

do not

TKPHOT

extinguisher

EBGS TEUPBG WEURB *ER

extinguisher

STEUPBG SHER

has been

HAB

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

in a

TPHA*EU

in all

TPHAUL

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is also

SHR-S

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

isn't the

STPH-T

it can

T-BG

it must

TPHUFT

little bit

PWHREULT

lot of

HROFT

nitrogen

TPHERPB

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

off the

OFT

out of

OUFT

over it

TOEFR

oxygen

SKWRO*EUPBGS

part of the

PAFRT

put it

TPUT

ready to

TKRAOE

should be

SHOB

that are

THAR

that is

THAS

that you

THAU

there is

THR-LGS

this is

TH-S

very, very

SRE SRE

when it

TWHEPB

when you

WHU

which has

KH-Z

with the

W-T

you can

UBG

Text

Air is not just one gas. It is a mixture of gases. About one fifth of the air is oxygen. This is the only part of the air we use in our bodies. We breathe in all the gases of the air. But we use only the oxygen part of the air in our bodies. The rest of the gases we just breathe right out again.

Fire uses the oxygen in the air when it burns. You can watch a burninging candle use up oxygen. Light a short candle. Put it in a low candleholder. Now place a large drinking glass over it. The candle burns lower and lower and finally goes out. It does not go out until much of the oxygen in the glass has been used.

Besides oxygen, air contains nitrogen and very small amounts of several other gases. Suppose you imagine that an apple is the air. Cut about one fifth of it away. This part represents the oxygen part of the air. Now shave off the very thinnest piece you can. The piece should be about as thin as a piece of paper. This very thin slice of apple represents several other databases that are in the air.

All the rest of the apple represents the nitrogen in the air. Isn't there a lot of nitrogen? We do not use this nitrogen when we breathe the air into our bodies. We use only the oxygen. We breathe the nitrogen right out again. We also breathe out the other databases along with the nitrogen.

A tiny bit of the very thin slice of apple represents the helium gas in the air. Helium is the gas we use in dirigibles. There is also a very little bit of neon gas in the air. Neon is the gas in the neon lights in story windows. There is some water vapor in the air. Water vapor is a gas, too.

Another part of this very thin slice of the apple is the carbon dioxide gas that is in the air. Carbon dioxide is a heavy gas. You can make some by pouring two tablespoons of vinegar or two tablespoons of baking soda in a glass jar.

Fire cannot burn in carbon dioxide gas. Try putting out a candle flame by tipping the jar of carbon dioxide down toward the candle. The gas is heavy. It will flow out of the jar and put out the candle.

Have you a fire extinguisher? Many fire extinguishers use carbon dioxide to put out fires. When you tip the fire extinguisher upside down, the materials inside mix and form carbon dioxide gas.

Carbon dioxide is used inside rubber boats or rafts like the one you see in the picture. It blows up the boat just as air blows up a tire.

Carbon dioxide is usually a gas. But it can be changed to a liquid or even a solid. All of you have seen dry ice. Ice cream is packed in it when it must be kept very cold for a long time.

Dry sighs is solid carbon dioxide. It is very, very cold. Sometimes the ice cream which has been packed in ready to ice is frozen so hard that you have to let it that you out before you can even cut into it.

33.2.588 In the Cattle Country

Selected Words

ahead of

A HEFD

Alberta

AL PWER TA

ask the

SK-T

at an

TA*PB

different from

TKREUFRPB

farther

TPA*RT

from the

TPR-T

he said

HEBS

is not

S-PBLT

that the

THAT

the Rockies

-T ROBG KWREU -S

there is

THR-LGS

there is

THR-S

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

Text

After crossing the Rockies the Browns drove mile after mile through Alberta. The farms here were different from those farther west. Many were large ranches with over a thousand cattle.

One day the Browns saw a cowboy riding ahead of them on a pony. The pony's hooves raised little clouds from the dusty earth. When they came up to the cowboy, Mr. Brown stopped and ask the cowboy about his work.

"Nowadays," he said, "there is not much danger that anyone will steal our cattle. It keeps us busy seeing that the animals have plenty of food and water. We care for them in bad weather too. Thunder often frightens the cattle."

33.2.589 Use Electricity with Care

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

from the

TPR-T

is a

SA*EU

it can

T-BG

learning about

PWHRERPBG

on the

OPBT

should be

SHOB

talked about

TPWAUBGD

they should

THERBD

to be

TOB

use it

TAOUS

we should

WERBD

would not

WOPBLT

you will

HR*U

Text

The children in Miss Snow's room were learning about electricity. They learned how to make a bell ring and how to do other things with electricity.

These children knew that electricity from the dry cells would not hurt them. But they always were careful when they used the dry cells.

One day Miss Snow said, "Electricity is a great help to people. But they should be careful when they use it. Sometimes it can hurt people who are not careful."

The children talked about good ways to use electricity.

They said, "We should show other people how to be careful when they use electricity."

Then they made a sign. On the next page, you will see their sign.

33.2.590 Electricity Comes to Your Town

Selected Words

all the

AULT

are not

R-PBLT

at once

TWUPBS

from a

TPRA*

from the

TPR-T

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is not

S-PBLT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

take the

TAEUBGT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

Text

It is night. Bob comes into a dark room. The pushes the button on the wall. At once the dark room is almost as light as day.

Electricity has gone into the electric bulbs.

Bob's mother turns a button on the electric stove. Soon the burner on top of the stove is hot. Electricity has gone into the stove.

How does electricity get into a house?

Electricity does not stay in the wall. It is not waiting there for someone to push the button.

Electricity comes to homes from far away. It is sent out from a powerhouse. Big machines are in the powerhouse. These machines send out electric power for people to use.

Great wires go out from the powerhouse. Electric power goes along these wires. The great wires take electric power to cities and farms. They take the electric power that helps the people in these places to live better. The wires take electric power to your town.

Wires go along the streets of your town. They may go under the street. in some towns you cannot see these wires. They are not in anyone's way when they are under the street.

Smaller wires go from the street into the houses. Wires go to all the rooms of the houses. Electricity goes through these wires. You push the button. Electricity comes to do its work.

33.2.591 Leaving an Island Harbor

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and would

SKP-LD

began to

STKPWAOPB

from the

TPR-T

in a

TPHA*EU

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

land in

TPHRAPBD

New York

TPHORB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

sense of

SEFPBS

separation

SERPGS

there was

THR-FS

to the

TOT

we were

WERP

when the

WHEPBT

with our

Text

We were sailing soon after sunrise. Early dew lay heavily on the grass as we, carrying our bags, walked the short distance to the dock. It was a heavy, moist morning with a land breeze that gave promise of a hot day when the sun rose.

As we came on board, all the seamen were as busy as bees in a hive, each with his appointed task, working to get the great ship under way. It was quiet, orderly work, but there was excitement in the air, too.

After our bags were stowed away in our staterooms, we came back on deck to watch our departure from the harbor. We were pulling away from an island in the South Seas -- the last spot of green grass and brown earth we would see for many a long day.

As we slowly slid away from the dock, the low range of coastal mountains stood out clearly against the sky, while one lone peak towered tall and upright in the background. The air began to seem less heavy, and a breeze sprang up, tossing a salty spray in our faces.

As the island faded in the distance, a sense of separation from the rest of the world came over us, even though we knew our wireless man was in communication with New York and would give us news bulletins with our breakfast.

33.2.592 Lumbering

Selected Words

at least

THRAOEFT

has been

HAB

in order

TPHORD

in the

TPH-T

industry

STREU

it was

T-FS

northern

TPHO*RPB

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

that the

THAT

there was

THR-FS

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

western

WES TERPB

when it

TWHEPB

when the

WHEPBT

with the

W-T

years ago

KWRAOERGS

Text

Since pioneer days lumbering has been one of the principal Canadian industrious. In those days great forests had to be cleared, and lumber was needed to build houses.

Until sixty or seventy years ago trees were felled with axes, and forests rang with the sound of chopping. Since then men have used saws and machines, and now they seldom chop down big trees.

In the olden days lumbering was nearly always done in the winter so that the horses or oxen might drag their heavy loads over snow-covered roads to the river. When the ice broke in the spring, the logs were floated to the mill.

On account of the good price paid for lumber, many men were hired to spend the winter in the northern woods. They lived in central bunkhouses, in which there was at least one upper bunk for every lower one. The men got up when it was only half light, in order to do an honest day's work of ten or twelve hours.

33.2.593 Electricity and Good Times

Selected Words

had a

HA

have a

SRA

have you

SRU

Have you ever

SRUFR

in the

TPH-T

out of

OUFT

that are

THAR

to have

TOF

very well

SR-RL

what were

WHARP

you ever

UFR

Text

It is night, but the people in the picture can see to swim very well.

Electric lights help many people to play out of doors at night. Have you ever watched people playing out of doors at night? What were they playing?

Electricity helps many people to have a good time. Have you ever had a ride on a merry-go-round?

Do you like to go to a moving picture show? Moving picture machines are run by electricity.

Have you played with an electric train? Have you played with other toys that are run by electricity? Electricity helps you to have fun in many ways.

33.2.594 A Letter from Regina

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

at the

TE

continued to

TOPBD

have an

SRA*EPB

I am

KWRAEUPL

I shall

EURBL

Mountie

PHO*UPBT AO*E

of the

-FT

on and

SKPOPB

Regina

RE SKWRAOEU TPHA

River

R*EUFR

Saskatchewan

SAS KAFP WAPB

shall be

SH-B

that the

THAT

when you

WHU

will be

HR-B

you can

UBG

Text

Dear Jim,

This time I shall be careful to address my letter correctly so that the post office will be able to deliver it. I am sending you some books by express. You can pick them up at the station when you have an errand in town. They weigh fifteen pounds.

There is one important Canadian book called The Hero of the Plain. It tells how a "Mountie" chased a thief across the prairie. The Saskatchewan River was in flood and rain continued to pour. The robber fled across the river and up the slippery bank, but the "Mountie" was determined to press on and made steady progress. Dodge as he might, the man was finally caught.

Your friend,

Peter

33.2.595 Electricity Travels Along a Pathway

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

at the

TE

back to

TPWAOBG

can find

K-FPBD

do you

TKOU

do you see

TOUZ

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

goes to

TKPWOS

happened to

THAOPD

it must

TPHUFT

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

to you

TOU

will not

HR-PBLT

you can

UBG

Text

Electricity travels. It travels from the powerhouse to you.

It travels from the dry cell to the bell and makes it ring.

How does electricity travel? It goes along a pathway. You can find a pathway for electricity.

Look at the picture. Do you see the path which electricity takes?

Electricity goes to the bell through the wires. It must go to the bell along one wire. It must come back to the dry cell along the other wire.

Electricity goes around and around on its pathway. It always comes back to the place from which it started.

An electric bell will ring because the electricity has a pathway. The wires, the cell, and the bell makes a pathway for the electricity.

Take off one of the wires that go from the dry cell to the bell. It will look like the picture.

Now the bell will not ring. Something has happened to the pathway.

Electricity cannot go from the end of the wire through the air to the bell. The wires must be fastened so that they make a pathway for electricity.

33.2.596 The Layers of the Atmosphere

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

are not

R-PBLT

as big as

SPWEUGS

as it

TAZ

as the

SAZ

at a

T*A

atmosphere

ATS TPAOER

atmosphere

AT PHOS TPAOER

aviation

A*EUF KWRAEUGS

back to

TPWAOBG

be the

BT

can you

KU

could be

KOB

could not

KOPBLT

do you

TKOU

do you remember

TKOURPL

Do you remember

TKAOURPL

from the

TPR-T

has been

HAB

have been

SR-B

how could

HOUBGD

how the

HOUT

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is not

S-PBLT

is the

S-T

it could

T-BGD

it was

T-FS

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

know the

TPHO*ET

learned to

THROERPBD

little bit

PWHREULT

no one

TPHOEUPB

number of

TPHUFPL

of course

-FBG

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out and

SKPOUT

out of

OUFT

oxygen

SKWRO*EUPBGS

part of the

PAFRT

so the

SOT

South Dakota

S*D

stratosphere

STRAT STPAOER

that the

THAT

then the

THEPBT

there has

THR-Z

there is

THR-LGS

thermometer

THERPLT

think of

THEUF

to the

TOT

troposphere

--

we know

W*EPB

we say

WEBZ

when it

TWHEPB

when the

WHEPBT

which were

WEURP

yes, of course

KWREFBG

you ever

UFR

you remember

URPL

zero

SO*EUR

Text

For many years no one knew much about the atmosphere. But since men have learned to travel high up into the sky they have learned a good deal more about the atmosphere.

The bottom layer of the atmosphere is the part we know the most about. It is the part we live in. This part is called the troposphere. It goes up for six to ten miles. As one flies away from the solid part of the earth the air gets thinner and colder. Pilots wear oxygen helmets when they fly away up high in the air. They wear warm coats, too. The temperature is cold high up in the troposphere.

Have you ever gone skating when the thermometer read ten below zero? Do you remember how could you got? Well, the pilots say that the atmosphere gets much colder than that. Sometimes their thermometer read forty or fifty below zero.

Above this bottom layer of the atmosphere is another part called the stratosphere. This layer of air is becoming very important to aviation.

Our first airplanes could not fly into the stratosphere. They flew in the troposphere, or bottom part of the atmosphere. But our new airplanes can and do fly in the stratosphere.

Isn't it cold up there? Yes, of course it is. The airplanes that fly so high are very welt little bit. The pilots who fly in these planes wear oxygen helmets.

There are good reasons for wanting to fly in the stratosphere. Pilots of these stratosphere airplanes tell us that there is very little wind up there. The airplane flies along smoothly. There is not enough water vapor to form ice. So the pilots are not bothered by ice forming on the wings.

Pilots also tell us that the temperature stays about the same in the stratosphere. It does not keep on getting colder and colder as they fly higher into it. Of course it is very cold in the stratosphere. Thermometers have read 134 below zero on the kind of thermometer you use in your schoolroom.

Within the last few years there has been great interest in balloon flights, and a number of things have been discovered about the stratosphere.

One such trip up into the stratosphere was made in South Dakota. Anderson and Stevens made it. They rode in the hollow metal ball, or gondola, of the largest balloon ever made. It was called Explorer II.

Stevens and Anderson shut themselves into the gondola. They wore very warm clothes. They also wore oxygen helmets.

As soon as the balloon was set free, it rose into the air. The big bag was partly filled with a kind of gas called helium. As the balloon rose higher and higher, it got larger and larger. The men threw out bags filled with lead to make the gondola lighter in weight.

At last the balloon bag was as big as it could be. It was now completely filled with gas. The heat of the sun on the bag had made the gas inside the balloon warm. The warm gas expanded and took up more room. The bag could get no larger. It had risen almost fourteen miles into the atmosphere.

You may wonder how the men got down. When the bag could get no larger, the balloon started to come back to the ground. Then the men let the gas out of the balloon. They let it out a little at a time. The balloon grew smaller and smaller. The gondola came closer to the ground. Finally, when it was almost touching the ground, they pulled a cord that tour open the bag. The rest of the helium gas rushed out and the gondola came to rest safely.

The instruments which were in the balloon recorded how cold the air was at different heights. They also recorded how thin the air became as the balloon rose.

Other men have made balloon flights into the stratosphere. Scientists have learned more about the upper atmosphere from each of these trips.

Now can you see why we say the atmosphere is a big blanket that covers the solid and liquid parts of the earth? It is over boys and girls in Canada, China, Egypt, and every other country. It atmosphere is everywhere around us. It goes up above our heads for several hundreds of miles.

You might think of an orange as the solid part of the earth. The peel of the orange could be the atmosphere. It covers the orange just as the atmosphere covers the earth.

33.2.597 Maria’s Thanksgiving

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

ask the

SK-T

at once

TWUPBS

began to

STKPWAOPB

come in

TKPHOPL

had a

HA

had had

H-D

had not

H-PBLT

he was

EFS

Maria

PHAR KWRA

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

she was

SHEFS

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

that she

STHAE

that the

THAT

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

went to

TWOEPBT

when the

WHEPBT

would have

WOUF

Text

It is true that Maria loved music. Even so, she was surprised to find, one day, that she had a hand organ, an organ man, and even a monkey inside her kitchen.

The family for whom Maria cooked had gone to the country for Thanksgiving and left her alone. Maria had opened the window so that the music would seem louder. The monkey was resting on top of a barrel, but when the order came to dance, he began to obey at once. He skipped around until he was told to stop. then, at his master's order, he started dancing again. Probably the monkey would have kept this up forever had not Maria ask the man and the monkey to come in for a cup of cocoa and some of the cookies she had just baked. Neither of them refused. They drank two cups of cocoa apiece, and they stuffed themselves with hot cookies. The organ man said they had had nothing but some soda water since morning. He played every tune his organ held, but the tired little monkey curled up in Maria's lap and went to sleep.

33.2.598 The New Roller Skates

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and he

SKPE

as a

SA*Z

form of

TPOFRPL

gymnasium

SKWREUPL TPHAEUS KWRUPL

he was

EFS

if you

TPU

in the

TPH-T

instead of

STPHEFD

on the

OPBT

Text

The spring that Tommy got his roller skates was the happiest one he had ever known. He skated to school and back, and he skated until dark. He was on wings; he was flying.

Come my had been the best student in the class, but he no longer cared if each schoolmate beat him in arithmetic or penmanship. As for such a little thing as a comma in the wrong place -- now it never worried him. Once he had loved the work in the gymnasium -- climbing ropes, swing on the rings, jumping over the horse. He wasn't even interested in that any more.

Though he had been neither absent nor tardy for years, Tommy began coming in late. Instead of being a good lad, he became a naughty one, and he got mixed up in every form of mischief, from turning over ink bottles to getting paste in other children's hair.

One day the teacher said, "If you're not better tomorrow, Tommy, you'll lose your roller skates!" Such a thought acted like magic. He became the old Tommy again overnight!

33.2.599 There Are Advantages in Each Way of Living

Selected Words

all of

A*UFL

are not

R-PBLT

do not

TKPHOT

for the

TP-RT

have been

SR-B

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

have you

SRU

have you been

SRUB

instead of

STPHEFD

is not

S-PBLT

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

learn to

THROERPB

may have

PHAEUF

may have been

PHAEUFB

might be

PHAOEUB

might have

PHAOEUF

of the

-FT

one is

SW*UPB

so much

SOFP

than the

THAPBT

that are

THAR

there are

THR-R

there is

THR-LGS

they do

TKHOE

to be

TOB

will not

HR-PBLT

would be

WOB

Text

You have read about many animals that live a social life. You have also read about other animals that live a solitary life. Have you been wondering whether there are advantages in both of these ways of living?

We cannot tell whether one is better than the other. Each way has some things about it that are good. Each way has some things about it that are not good.

It is easier for animals to store food and protect their young when they work together. Most of the social animals eat plant food instead of meat. They work together to gather and store their food. Many of the solitary unanimous eat meat. They hunt alone for meat. They do not store their food for long, because meat will not keep.

When unanimous are very social, they often learn to depend upon one another. The drone bee cannot feed himself. The workers have to feed him. Some ants die if their slaves die.

Sometimes there is not enough food for the animals. There may have been a cold time or a very dry time of the year. At these times it might be better to be a solitary animal. Social animals might use so much of one kind of food that it would become very scarce. They might have to travel a long way to get enough food to feed all of their family.

Men have probably always lived together. They have worked together for many centuries. It would be very hard for man to live alone. It would be hard for many animals to live alone, too.

Each way of living has advantages. Each way has disadvantages.

33.2.600 Traveling Fish

Selected Words

accident

STKEPBT

and have

SKP-F

and the

SKP-T

are the

R-T

at least

THRAOEFT

before the

PW-FRT

capture

KA*FP

in the

TPH-T

is no

STPHO

is the

S-T

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

locate

HROEBGT

meant to

TPHOEPBT

of the

-FT

return to

TROURPB

salmon

SAL PHOPB

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

this is

TH-S

to the

TOT

traveler

TRAFRL

where the

W-RT

Text

Among the greatest travelers in the fish world are the salmon. it is no accident that they spend their early days in fresh water, that they grow up in the salt water of the ocean, and that they return to the fresh water to die where the mother salmon have laid their eggs. This is the pattern of salmon life.

Every summer some of the full-grown salmon leave the ocean and follow the route of the rivers until they reached the high mountain streams. So anxious are they to reach this cold fresh water that they often travel a distance of at least a thousand miles. Nothing stops them unless they are captured by men or by animals.

When the fish have reached the end of their journey and have located the proper place for laying the eggs, the father salmon digs a kind of nest and the mother salmon lays the eggs. Salmon parents weren't meant to look after their young, because they die before the eggs are hatched. The young salmon remain in fresh water one to three years before they travel to the ocean.

33.2.601 Making Frictional Electricity

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

about the

PW-T

and the

SKP-T

because it

TPWAUS

between the

TWAOEPBT

call the

KAULT

call this

TKHAUL

do the

TKO*T

from the

TPR-T

fun to

TPOUPB

got a

TKPWAOEUT

have a

SRA

have been

SR-B

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

if the

TP-T

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

to the

TOT

top of

TOFP

top of the

TOFPT

up to

TOUP

what happens

WHAPS

what you

WHAU

when you

WHU

with your

WUR

you are

R*U

you can

UBG

you ever

UFR

you felt

UFLT

you were

URP

you will

HR*U

Text

It is fun to make electricity with your cat. You can do it if the room is warm and the air is dry. Stroke the cat's fur from the tail toward the head. You will feel the electric shock. You will hear the crackle. If the room is very dark you will see tiny flashes of electricity. We call this frictional electricity, because it is made by rubbing one object with another.

Did you ever get a shock? Perhaps on a cold day you have slid your feet along the living-room rug. Then when you touched the metal doorknob you got a shock.

Really what you did was to make a little frictional electricity. You made it when you slid your feet across the rug. You felt the shock when you toughed the doorknob.

Try this and see what happens. Tear some newspaper into small pieces. Lay them on the table. Now stroke your comb or your fountain pen with some woolen cloth. Bring the comb near the pieces of paper. What happens? You really make electricity. This electricity makes the pieces of paper stick to the comb.

Sometimes when you are writing on a piece of paper on your desk it sticks to the desk. You have to pull the paper away from the desk. While you were writing your arms rubbed across the paper. The rubbing made electricity. Electricity made the paper stick to the desk.

If you have a piece of glass about the size of this book, you can do another experiment. Lay two books opt table. Leave a space between the books. Now lay the glass across the space from one book to the other. Put a few tiny pieces of paper under the glass. Rub the top of the glass with a dry silk cloth. Why do the pieces of paper come up to the glass?

In the experiments you have been doing, electricity was made by rubbing things together. You rubbed the cat's back. You rubbed your shoes against the carpet. Scientists call the electricity we get by rubbing things together frictional electricity. They have known about this kind of electricity for a long time. Benjamin Franklin proved that lightning was really frictional electricity.

33.2.602 Field and Fireside

Selected Words

and an

SKPAPB

and to

TAOPBD

could be

KOB

in the

TPH-T

of a

AEUF

on and

SKPOPB

where the

W-RT

Text

Where the first pioneer had hunted, other men came later to claim the land for farming. They came to clear and to enclose the fertile fields and to plant their crop. At harvest time the grain was gathered into bundles and threshed with a flail. A bushel of wheat could be exchanged for cash or for part of a barrel of flour. The empty barns were filled, and an extra supply of food was stored in the cellar.

The pioneer mother usually cooked over an open fire. In season her family enjoyed turnips, carrots, and other fresh vegetables. Often she served a roast of venison, or freshly-caught fish, or bake on and eggs. For dessert she chose a pudding, pumpkin or mince pie, or fruit. No guest was ever hungry when he left her table.

33.2.603 Homing Pigeons

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

above the

PWOFT

army

AERPL

feather

TP*ERT

from a

TPRA*

hardly

HA*RLD

how long

HOUPBG

if the

TP-T

into the

TPHAOT

is about

SPW

is not

S-PBLT

message

PHEPBLG

no matter

TPHAERT

pigeon

PEUGS

soldiers

SHRERPBLGS

to the

TOT

you can

UBG

you could

UBGD

Text

Thousands of "feathered soldiers" -- the homing pigeons -- belong to the army. They are very important because they are able to carry messages written on pieces of paper about two inches long, tied to their feet. No matter how long or short a distance from home they are taken, the minute they are free, homing pigeons fly straight back.

Homing pigeons are often carried in army airplanes. If the plain falls into the sea, or lands in some far away place, the homing pigeons will carry back a call for help. You can see how useful these birds are to men who are in trouble.

Setting these pigeons free from a fast-traveling airplane is not easy. You could hardly open the door and just let the birds out. The strong wind would drive them back against the plain. Instead, the pigeons are placed in cages and dropped. When each cage is about ten thousand feet above the ground, the door opens by itself. The pigeons beat their wings, turn about, and start for home.

33.2.604 The Gold Rush

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

district

TKR-T

even if

TPAOEPB

Fraser

TPRAEUS *ER

full of

TPUFL

he was

EFS

if a

TPA*EU

in the

TPH-T

of the

-FT

River

R*EUFR

spite of

SPAOEUF

they would

THELD

those of

THOEFS

to the

TOT

Text

In 1858 gold was discovered in the Fraser River district, and the gold rush had begun. In the fever of excitement, men became almost crazy. A sailor thought nothing of leaving his ship at port to seek his fortune in the hills. Hundreds of men streamed to the western coast with only a rifle, a few clothes, a small sum of money, and a spade or an axe. In spite of the terrible dangers and the awful cold of mountain passes, they would push on toward their goal. Even if a man found gold, he was in danger of losing it to a robber or a gambler. Our history is full of tales of adventure, but surely none are no exciting than those of the gold rush.

33.2.605 Buried Treasure

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

about the

PW-T

eastern

AOEFT ERPB

former

TPRORPL

from a

TPRA*

group of

TKPWRAOUFP

had not

H-PBLT

has been

HAB

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

newspaper

TPHAOUP

of a

AEUF

of course

-FBG

of the

-FT

off the

OFT

pirate

PAOEURT

property

PROPT

that a

THA*

that is

THAS

to find

TOFPBD

to the

TOT

until the

TPH-LT

valuable

SRABL

what he

WHAE

with the

W-T

wrote to

TWROET

Text

Tom Jones is a bright boy with plenty of good sense. Nobody would expect a boy like that to go off on such a "wild goose chase" as trying to solve the riddle of a treasure buried by pirates. Yet that is what he did!

His grandfather had bought an island somewhere off the eastern coast in a region unknown to us. He wrote Tom (and we saw the letter) that with the deed to the property came an old yellowed map showing where a chest was hidden and describing the contents. Among other jewels was listed "a magic necklace from a palace in France, for which a reward has been offered". The former owners of the island had not been able to find the treasure.

"Come down and dig with a group of men who are trying to guess this riddle," wrote Tom's grandfather. And Tom hadn't any better sense than to stack packing that night. Of course his mother made him wait until the school term was over. We joked with Tom about the magic necklace, but four months later when we read in the newspapers that a valuable treasure had been found, Tom Jones suddenly became a hero.

33.2.606 The Invention of the Cotton Gin

Selected Words

and be

SKP-B

and it

SKPEUT

and the

SKP-T

before the

PW-FRT

could be

KOB

did the

TK-T

Eli

AOE HRAOEU

from the

TPR-T

great deal

TKPWRAEL

had the

H-T

in a

TPHA*EU

industry

STREU

it was

T-FS

more than

PH-RPB

overnight

OEFRPBT

that was

THAFS

that would

THALD

they were

THERP

this was

TH-FS

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

Whitney

WHEUT TPHEU

years ago

KWRAOERGS

Text

More than one hundred and fifty years ago a young man gazed over acres of plants covered with with a looked like white blossoms. Only they weren't white blossoms. They were bolls of cotton, ripe for picking, and they meant a great deal of hard work.

After the picking was done, and before the cotton could go to the factory, every seed had to be separated by hand. This was slow business, and the usually rate of workers was but a pound or two in a whole day.

Eli Whitney, for that was the young man's name, had the idea that machinery could be invented to separate the cotton from the seeds. He set to work and produced a machine that would do this. It was called the cotton gin, and it did the work so quickly that almost overnight the cotton industry was changed.

33.2.607 Who’s Knocking?

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

are the

R-T

as it

TAZ

believe that

TPWHRAEF

did you

TKU

even in

TPHAOEPB

in the

TPH-T

it a

TA*EU

likely to

THRAOEULG

more than

PH-RPB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

some people

SPAOEPL

to the

TOT

up to

TOUP

with the

W-T

woodpeckers

WAOD PEBG ERS

you are

R*U

you ever

UFR

Text

Did you ever wake up to the sound of a knock, knock, knock outside your window? Was it a woodpecker? Some people believe that woodpeckers are harmful, but they really help by eating insects that spoil our trees. The woodpeckers makes tiny holes in the bark of the tree. Then with the tip of his long tongue he catches the insects that crawl under the bark.

Not all woodpeckers are the same size. The largest ones are more than twenty inches long and the smallest ones are less than seven inches.

Some woodpeckers stay in the north all winter. Even in January and February you are likely to see the little downy woodpecker.

33.2.608 An Experiment in City Living

Selected Words

adventure

SREPBG

all the

AULT

and the

SKP-T

and to

TAOPBD

compensation

KPEPBGS

could find

KOUFPBD

few of

TPAOUF

from the

TPR-T

generation

SKWRAEUGS

he could

HEBGD

he was

EFS

independent

P*EPBT

Jonathan

SKWROPBT

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

other than

O*ERPB

purchase

PUFP

sense of

SEFPBS

sort of

SOFRT

take the

TAEUBGT

there was

THR-FS

there were

THR-RP

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

underground

UPBGD

whinny

-

who had

WHOD

Text

Jonathan had come to the city to get a job. He belonged to one of the proud pioneer families who had been tillers of the soil for generations. His family had no income other than that arising from the sale of surplus crops to such friends and relatives as could afford to purchase them.

Some people might think this to be a mean sort of existence, but there were compensations of which even Jonathan was aware. There was good food in abundance. There was a horse to ride, and riding was one of Jonathan's hobbies. A slender, fast, high-tempered mare would whinny and come at his whistle. There was sunshine and fresh air -- sunshine which flooded farmhouse and fields, and fresh air blowing in great gusts over the rolling hills. There was a sense of freedom and safety. Yet Jonathan had come to the city, with all the impatience of out-, to seek adventure, to make money, and to become independent.

Lack of training forced the young man to take the only job he could find -- that of guard on the subway. Underground life was novel at first; but soon the absence of fresh air and the presence of a mass of struggling, pushing people, few of whom had any manners, made Jonathan wonder why he was there. In less than three months' time he was back on the farm!

33.2.609 Some Animals Band Together to Get Food

Selected Words

as a

SA*Z

as it

TAZ

have a

SRA

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

may be

PHA*EUB

there are

THR-R

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

while the

WHAOEULT

Text

There are some animals that come together in the daytime to feed. At night they go by themselves again. Elk, antelope, and cattle are often seen together in a feeding herd.

Some kinds of birds join for feeding. These groups often have a woodpecker as a leader. There may be nuthatches, creepers, and woodpeckers all feeding together.

Sometimes wolves hunt together. They form in a long line. They divide into two groups. One group chases the animals to be used as food, while the other group blocks their path.

Lions sometimes hunt with their own families. Some go through the brush to scare out animals while the others jump upon the hunted animal as it runs past their hiding place.

33.2.610 Education in Law

Selected Words

all the

AULT

amount

APLT

amount of

AFPLT

any of

TPHEUF

as a

SA*Z

at the

TE

education

STKEUBGS

going to

TKPW*GS

have to

STRO

have to

STRO

he has

HEZ

he think

HEPBG

he thinks

HEPBGS

he wants

HEPTS

improvement

PROFPLT

is going

STKPW-G

knowledge

TPHOPBLG

lawyer

HRAUR

may be

PHA*EUB

may have

PHAEUF

of the

-FT

who is

WHOS

will be

HR-B

you can

UBG

Text

A classmate of mine, John Giffort, is going to study law. He has a college education, and now he wants to become educated as a lawyer. The average law course lasts three years. At the end of his course John must pass examinations, answering all the questions correctly. It may be harder for Jonathan he thinks, but whenever any of the Gifforts intend to do something, you can count on their finishing it.

When John has become a lawyer, he will be called upon to defend people's rights. He will be trained to protect people's property and even their lives. He may have to go to court sometimes and let the judge hear the case and decide who is right and who is wrong.

A knowledge of the law will give John a great amount of respect for it. Perhaps he will even try to improve our laws, for Elsie what improvements are needed.

33.2.611 Mr. Porcupine

Selected Words

although

HR*T

find it

TPHAOEUPBD

he feels

HEFLS

in fact

TPH-FT

in this

STHEUPBS

is not

S-PBLT

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of it

T-F

porcupine

PORBG PAOEUPB

protected

PREBGTD

provide

PROEFD

ready to

TKRAOE

so much

SOFP

that is

THAS

they can

THEBG

they haven't

THEFPBT

though the

THOET

through the

THRUT

will find

HR-FPBD

would be

WOB

Text

Wherever you go through the woods in this country you may run into a slow-moving little creature called the porcupine. He is not fierce, although nature has provided him with a set of fine teeth and has protected him with an interesting kind of coat. He is not keen to fight; he will find it easier to hide his head somewhere under the rocks, leaving his strong tail ready to hit his enemy.

Without their wonderful coats, which contain many sharp needles, porcupines would be in constant danger. Though they can climb anywhere they wish, they haven't the sense to figure things out quickly, nor to avoid an enemy.

There is something else interesting about a porcupine, and that is his great love for salt. In fact, he loves salt so much he will chew on anything that contains a taste of it, like boxes that once served to hold meat or salted fish. Mr. Porcupine is often quite a bit of trouble around a camp when he feels this "urge" for salt.

33.2.612 The Forest Ranger

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

business is

SPWEUS

if you

TPU

is the

S-T

is to

STO

likely to

THRAOEULG

no one

TPHOEUPB

of the

-FT

you are

R*U

Text

If you visit a provincial forest, you are likely to meet a forest ranger. His chief business is to protect the forest against danger. Another duty is to manage the cutting of timber and the sale of lumber.

Fire is the worst enemy of the forest. No one can blame the ranger for his stern manner with careless parties of campers who fail to put out their fires properly. The bare blackened tree stumps are signs of useless waste. On windy days the ranger is especially watchful. The instant his sharp glance spots a wisp of smoke, he will phone a report to a forest station. In reply, other rangers will rush to help him. Sometimes a plane is used to locate fires or carry supplies.

33.2.613 Pioneer Fun

Selected Words

as a

SA*Z

children and

SKPHEURPB

diamond

TKAOEUPLD

even in

TPHAOEPB

from the

TPR-T

good night

TKPWAOPBT

had a

HA

into the

TPHAOT

on the

OPBT

there were

THR-RP

to the

TOT

when the

WHEPBT

Text

Such a simple pastime as a sleigh ride provided real pleasure for pioneer boys and girls. With a laugh and shout the jolly crowd climbed into the bobsled and sped across the smooth carpet of snow. On moonlight nights the frost crystals sparkled like diamonds. Even in zero weather there were no frozen toes and fingers, for everyone had a warm robe to wrap about him.

On winter evening when the work was finished, folks entertained themselves around the fireplace. Red apples from the orchard sputtered on the hearth. There were no newspapers and few books, but somebody always had a story or a joke to tell. Then Mother said good night to the children and gave them each a kiss.

33.2.614 The End of a Great War

Selected Words

and had

SKP-D

and the

SKP-T

Armistice Day

ARPL STEUS TKAEU

at once

TWUPBS

has been

HAB

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

it were

T-RP

of the

-FT

return to

TROURPB

that morning

that the

THAT

that would

THALD

to be

TOB

will be

HR-B

World War I

WORLD WAR WUPB

would be

WOB

Text

A day that will be remembered in our country's history is November 11th, 1918. For some time people had doubted if it were possible that the war would ever be over; but all at once the Germans had asked for peace and had laid down their arms.

On that day, at eleven o'clock in the morning, came the last bang of the last gun to be fired during World War I. The armistice had been signed at five o'clock that morning, and the war with Germany was over. Our people nearly went crazy with joy!

The last battle had come to an end, and not another tank would roll, not another gun would be fired. Thousands of lonely refugees could return to their farms and homes, lately laid waste in the war.

Every Canadian soldier, including every general and every other officer, must have thought at that moment of the great liner that would carry him home to his own country -- and the faster the better.

Since 1918, November 11 has has been called Armistice Day.

33.2.615 Across the Mountains

Selected Words

active

TAEF

in a

TPHA*EU

into the

TPHAOT

with the

W-T

Text

One day in early spring a young man of eighteen or nineteen set forth to explore the country beyond his home settlement in Upper Canada. On foot this lonely figure traveled slowly forward into the wilderness. In a fine valley he built a rude cabin and made furniture of rough boards. The following year he brought his wife to her new home. As he cleared acre after acre of land, she too was busy and active. She liked to weave fine cloth and dye the material with the juice of berries. The young couple were happy in their frontier home.

33.2.616 Victoria Day

Selected Words

and would

SKP-LD

between the

TWAOEPBT

British

PWREURB

for the

TP-RT

honest

HOFPBT

memory

PHOEURPL

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

oppose

PO*EF

Queen Victoria

KWAOEPB SREUBG TOR KWRA

respect

R-PT

the State

T STA*EUT

think of

THEUF

when she

SWHE

would not

WOPBLT

Text

Queen Victoria, whose memory we honor on the twenty-fourth of May, was, all agree, one of the greatest rulers in British history. The British people could trust her to lead them wisely in times of trouble or happiness. She opposed wrong and upheld honest respect for the law. She worked faithfully for the good of the state, and would not let anybody or anything hinder her efforts to treat her country and her people well. Even when she grew older, her mind still turned to her many duties.

A great love grew up between the queen and her subjects -- a love which still lasts today. As we enjoy our holiday, we ought to think of this great queen. May we never lose our respect for had he memory.

33.2.617 Where Barley Grows

Selected Words

agricultural

AG K-L

district

TR-T

do not

TKPHOT

in fact

TPH-FT

in the

TPH-T

is done

STKOPB

is the

S-T

land is

SHRAPBD

may be

PHA*EUB

men and women

SKPHEB/WEUPL

occupation

OUPGS

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

peasant

PEFPBT

there was

THR-FS

to the

TOT

where the

W-RT

which are

KH-R

with the

W-T

Text

Barley will grow in climates which are too severe for wheat or corn, and curiously enough it will also flourish in hot, tropical lands. In fact, what might seem like a poor location for most grain may be a good one for barley.

Such a district is found in the mountainous regions of the far north of Europe, where the raising of barley is the chief agricultural occupation of the peasants. Every bit of land is used, the fields often extending to the very edge of a cliff.

Though nowadays most of the work is done by machinery, there was a time when every member of each peasant household worked in the fields. Young boys and girls helped with the harvesting, and even old men and women. Their hard life was shown in these older faces, gray and set as though they had been carved from granite.

The food of the peasants is poor, their main article of food being black bread made from barley.

They do not have much recreation, but they sometimes have village dances, where the girls look gay in their stiff white caps and bright costumes.

33.2.618 Down to Rio

Selected Words

and is

SKP-S

around it

STROUPBD

de Janeiro

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

no one

TPHOEUPB

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

Rio de Janeiro

RAOE KWROE TKAEUPBLG TPHAEU ROE

round it

TROUPBD

sort of

SOFRT

there is

THR-LGS

to the

TOT

Text

Rio de Janeiro, the capital of Brazil, has one of the finest harbors and is one of the most truly beautiful cities in the world. From Sugar Loaf Mountain there is a view of the bay and of the city spread around it. Broad avenues, bordered by the royal palm, extend for miles along the shore. No one should miss a trip to the Botanical Gardens. Here bloom rare orchids and every other sort of tropical flower grown in Brazil. In the Gardens are rubber trees and giant tree ferns.

Much of the coffee for which Brazil is famous is shipped from Rio, although Santos is the chief port for this product. The coffee tree has a small white blossom. Later a dark-red berry will appear. Coffee berries look like small cherries and contain two seeds, or beans. Raising coffee is the biggest industry of Brazil.

33.2.619 A Perfect Record

Selected Words

and had

SKP-D

and to

TAOPBD

Boy Scouts

PWOEU SKOUTS

during the

TKURGT

examination

KP-GS

he was

EFS

Hobbs

HO*B -S

in fact

TPH-FT

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

said that

STHAEUD

that he

THAE

they said

THEBS

Text

Pete Hobbs was a good Wolf Cub. His parents said that when he finished the fifth grade he might attend the Boy Scouts' summer camp. When Pete brought home his report, they said that he surely had earned a pleasant vacation. The report said that during the final term Pete had been neither absent nor tardy. He had offered to recite in every subject and had been careful to review his arithmetic and to complete every outline for his science notebook. He had received good marks on his examinations. Pete had kept out of the mischief that some larger boys had dared him to do. He had been polite wherever he was. In fact, Pete's record was perfect!

33.2.620 From James of Fort Vancouver

Selected Words

and I

SKPEU

as usual

SURBL

escape

SKAEP

from a

TPRA*

had a

HA

has been

HAB

I had

H*EU

into the

TPHAOT

narrow

TPHO*EUR

navy

TPHAEU SREU

of a

AEUF

recover

ROFR

to the

TOT

Vancouver

SRAPB KAOUFR

we are

WER

we were

WERP

you are

R*U

Text

My darling sister,

I sincerely hope you are well, as usually. I had a narrow escape from a serious illness, but your husband looked after me well and I recovered without harm.

At first we were lonely here, but now people are flocking into the country. We hear more news, too. Yesterday an officer came to the Fort and told the general of a battle the navy had fought, and how well the army is doing this summer.

John has been hunting, but he must have returned for I hear his cheery whistle. We laughed when we read in your letter that my nephew is anxious to continue studying. He deserves much praise. We are looking forward with joy to having you both with us soon.

Your loving brother,

James

33.2.621 Monarch Butterflies in Summer

Selected Words

come out

KPHOUT

larvae

HRAR SRAE

of the

-FT

out of

OUFT

pupae

PUP SKWRAOEU

start to

STAORT

then the

THEPBT

Text

When spring comes, monarch butterflies start to fly north. Many butterflies stop to lay eggs on milkweed plants.

Some larvae come out of the eggs. They grow into larger caterpillars and these caterpillars grow into pupae. Soon the pupae are bright colored butterflies.

These butterflies, too, fly on North. They, too, stop to lay eggs. Then the story takes place all over again.

33.2.622 Uncle Nathaniel’s Visit

Selected Words

Alaska

A*LG

and he

SKPE

and the

SKP-T

and the other

SKPOERT

as a

SA*Z

be the

BT

China

KHOEUPB

dining room

TK*EURPL

during the

TKURGT

elevator

HR-FR

for the

TP-RT

from a

TPRA*

he said

HEBS

he was

EFS

I was

EUFS

in a

TPHA*EU

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

Nathaniel

TPHA THAPB KWREL

San Francisco

STPREUFBG

to be

TOB

to have

TOF

what he

WHAE

would be

WOB

Text

When Mother got the letter from Uncle Nathaniel, she swiftly turned the attic into a bedroom for him and declared it would be handy to have him around.

The first night of his visit Trudy asked him what he was. Uncle Nath replied, "On my last job I was a janitor and ran an elevator. Shah I tell about it?"

Uncle Nath proved to be the most entertaining storyteller we had ever heard. He had spent one half of his life in China as a tea planter, and the other half doing interesting odd jobs. He had worked in a furniture factory, and he polished our old dining room table with wax till it shone like glass. Once he had been a fireman, just for the fun of handling a big hose. His suitcase was filled with odd treasures -- a receipt for \$5,000 worth of gold from a man in Alaska, a pair of overshoes he had bought in China, a box of pink-coated tablets he said could cure almost anything, two napkins from a hotel that had caved in during the San Francisco earthquake. Best of all, he carried a sleeping bag because, as he said, "There's always a chance I'll need it."

33.2.623 Copper

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

from the

TPR-T

has been

HAB

if a

TPA*EU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

that is

THAS

this has

TH-Z

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

treated with

TWRAOETD

when the

WHEPBT

which are

KH-R

Text

For thousands of years men have known how to use copper to make tools, common objects for home use, and beautiful ornaments. Some pure copper has been found in the raw state, but not much. Copper has usually been found in rock. This has meant some very difficult problems in separating the copper from the rock.

Today copper is mined either in regular mines, which are tunnels cutting deep into the earth, or in open mines when the rock containing copper is close to the surface. This "copper rock" is dug out of the earth by a gang of men using steam shovels. Then it is loaded on the trains and taken to a pant to be made pure ask clean by machinery. The rock is crushed by a great weight into small bits, and the pieces containing no copper are taken out. Heating the other pieces in a special kind of furnace finally separates most of the copper from the rock. When the copper is poured out, it is nearly pure. If a metal that is quite pure is desired, the copper is treated with electricity.

33.2.624 Simple Hygiene

Selected Words

as much

SPHUFP

as much as

SPHUFPS

bacteria

PWAOERBGT

develop

SREL

disease

TK-Z

form of

TPOFRPL

going to

TKPW*GS

hygiene

HAOEU SKWRAOEPB

into the

TPHAOT

is about

SPW

is going

STKPW-G

may be

PHA*EUB

measles

PHAOEFLS

much as

PHUFPS

of a

AEUF

remaining

RE MAEUNG

should be

SHOB

that a

THA*

to be

TOB

when you

WHU

you are

R*U

Text

A simple form of hygiene that anyone can practice is washing one's hands well and often -- and always before meals.

Hands should be washed in hot water with plenty of soap. The nails should be cleaned with a brush, and any dirt remaining under each fingernail should be removed with a small, pointed stick.

Some people are careless about doing this, and such carelessness causes the spread of disease. Bacteria are TPOUD in dust and dirt, and may be taken into the mouth if dirty hands touch the food to be eaten.

Clean hands are very important in keeping the germ of a cold or a sore throat from being spread among the family. When you feel that a cold is about to attack you, it is wise to be absent from school for a few days. Remain alone as as much as possible until you are certain that no disease like measles is going to develop.

33.2.625 Modern Newspapers

Selected Words

advertise

TAOEUS

advertisement

TAOEUFPLT

advertising

TAOEUFG

any fact

TPHEUFBGT

assignment

SAOEUPLT

back to

TPWAOBG

before the

PW-FRT

come out

KPHOUT

department

TK-PT

do not

TKPHOT

has to

THAOS

have a

SRA

in the

TPH-T

is the

S-T

it up

TUP

may understand

PHAEUPBDZ

modern

PHOERPB

newspaper

TPHAOUP

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out to

TPOUT

reference

REFRPBS

reporter

ROERP

statement

STAEUPLT

system

S-PL

them to

THOEUPL

there is

THR-LGS

they do

TKHOE

this is

TH-S

to the

TOT

when the

WHEPBT

Text

Speed, speed, speed! This is the keynote of the modern newspaper.

Every hour reporters rush out to get the facts, then rush back to the office to write their assignments. They have much to do in the time, for they must be altogether correct in ever statement they make, and they must have a clear outline in mind so that those who read may understand. If there is any fact they do not know they must look it up in the file-index system of reference.

Speed also counts in the other departments of a newspaper. The advertising department must get its advertisements in quickly. The printing department must get its typeset and put on those huge presses which not only print but also cut, fold and count the newspapers as they come out.

This when the papers are ready, trucks, trains and airplanes speed them to the hands of the waiting public. Even the boy who peddles newspapers on the street has to hurry to get them sold before the next edition is out.

33.2.626 A Colonial Kitchen – Part 2

Selected Words

at least

THRAOEFT

century

KROEURPBT

china

KHAOEUPB A

China

KHOEUPB

consist

KAO

consisted of

KAOFD

even in

TPHAOEPB

from a

TPRA*

in the

TPH-T

made of

PHAEFD

might be

PHAOEUB

of the

-FT

so much

SOFP

there was

THR-FS

they were

THERP

Text

Opposite the fireplace in the colonial kitchen stood a dresser, or sideboard, holding the small supply of pewter which most families owned -- a plate or two, a platter, a pitcher, jars, and mugs. Next to that, perhaps, was a cupboard containing the dishes for everyday use -- wooden ones. The plate were about ten inches across, and each was made from a knot of wood, hollowed out in the center. Knots from maples were considered the best.

The colonists used knives and spoons; not a single fork was used, even in England. Spoons were necessary because so much of the food consisted of soups, stews, or boiled cereals, like oatmeal. A spoon might be made of horn, wood, pewter, or silver. Almost every family possessed at least one silver teaspoon.

Everyday cups were wooden and, with no thought of germs, they were handed around for all to use. There was no glass or china. Not till the end of the eighteenth century did fine teacups arrive from China.

33.2.627 Mail and the Post Office

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

delivery

TKHROEUFR

examination

KP-GS

government

TKPW-FT

has been

HAB

may be

PHA*EUB

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

person who

PWHOERPB

population

PHRAEUGS

service

S-FS

that a

THA*

there was

THR-FS

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

who want

WHOPT

who wants

WHOPTS

will be

HR-B

Text

Airplanes, trains, trucks, and men all work in one of the greatest government services to the public -- the delivery of mail. For only a four-cent stamp a letter will be rushed three thousand miles across the continent to the post office in your town and then carried to your door by the postman on his route. What fine service for so little money!

In the early days of this country the distances between towns were great and the population was small. At first there was no regular mail service. Travelers carried letters for their friends, but as the population grew, mail was carried over regular routes. Mail has been carried in stage-coaches, on horseback, and by train since the first railroads were built. Mail was first carried by air main about 1918.

The rules say that a person who wants to be a postman must pass one of the government examinations before his name is put on the waiting list. When extra men are needed, he may be chosen to join the workers at the post office in his town.

33.2.628 Mr. White’s a Busy Man

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and he

SKPE

and to

TAOPBD

are a

RA*

are the

R-T

at a

T*A

had a

HA

Hamilton

HA*EPL

he has

HEZ

in a

TPHA*EU

is a

SA*EU

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is really

SHRAOERL

is the

S-T

manager

PHARPBG

manufactured

PH-FD

necessity

TPHOEUFT

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

secretary

SEBG TAEUR

that the

THAT

which is

WEUS

Text

Mr. White is a business man. He is the owner of three factories, and he has a very good man as manager of each.

At his factory in Perth shoes are made. When leather and strong thread were scarce, the manager had a hard time to keep all the machines in operation.

Steel tools are the products manufactured by the Hamilton factory. Since good tools are a necessity in wartime, the Hamilton manager had very little trouble in getting the material his factory required.

Mr. White and his secretary, Lloyd Wilson, spend one week of each month in Perth and one in Hamilton, so that the owner may keep in close touch with his managers.

The other two weeks of the months Mr. White spends at his third factory, which is really his hobby. At a tiny place in Montreal, his workers make model airplanes. Here Mr. White is like a boy in a toy shop. It gives him great pleasure to work on the models himself and to design new once, trying always to improve the old.

33.2.629 Electricity Spreads the News

Selected Words

as fast as

STPAFTS

as soon as

S-PBS

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

in all

TPHAUL

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

page is

SPAEUPBLG

she can

SHEBG

top of

TOFP

we know

W*EPB

Text

By radio we learn what people are doing in all parts of the world. Some radio talks come to us from far, far away. But we hear the words as soon as they are said.

The telephone carries words as fast as the radio. How quickly your mother can talk with her friends in any part of town! How quickly she can call help when someone is hurt! How easily your father can talk with other men at work!

Over the ocean, across the land, around the world, words go traveling. Electricity sends them on their way.

Before people had telephones to use, they sent messages by telegraph. People today send messages by telegraph. This, too, is a quick way to send a message.

The man in the picture at the top of this page is sending a telegraph message. Electricity sends these messages on their way.

News from faraway places is sent us by telegraph, telephone, and radio. Words travel far and fast because we know how to use electricity. Without electricity, we might wait for days, weeks, or even years for news to reach us.

33.2.630 The History Prize

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and the

SKP-T

began to

STKPWAOPB

college

KHREPBLG

contest

KEFT

for the

TP-RT

history

HEUFRT

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

of course

-FBG

on the

OPBT

pages and

SKPAEUPBLGS

person who

PWHOERPB

report

RORT

subject

SUBT

that happened

THAPD

that the

THAT

things that

THAEUPBGS

to the

TOT

would be

WOB

Text

When Robert was a little boy, he always liked to hear stories about things that happened long ago. When he grew older, of course, he read stories about history, pages and pages of them. His father used to say, "Robert, your hobby is history!"

For years Robert went on reading and studying history. Then one day he saw in the paper that the college in his town would hold a contest and give a prize to the high-school or college person who wrote the best report on the subject, "What Interests Me Most in History."

The contest was to close, the announcement said, on December the first, and the prize would be one hundred dollars.

Robert raced home. The boy whose hobby had always been history sat down and began to write. For the next two weeks he did almost nothing outside of school except work on his report. It was slow, careful work, but the report was finally write before December the first.

A month later Robert awoke one morning to hear the really exciting news. He had won the prize!

33.2.631 A Caterpillar Meets a Butterfly

Selected Words

at the

TE

did not

TKEUPBLT

had a

HA

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

it would

T-LD

it would be

T-BLD

look at

HRAOBGT

look at

HRAOBGT

many, many

PHAEPB PHAEPB

milkweed

PH*EULG WAOED TK-FPS

monarch

PHOPB ARBG

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

this was

TH-FS

would be

WOB

Text

A big caterpillar was eating a leaf of a milkweed plant.

It was a beautiful caterpillar. It had a yellow head. On its head were two black stripes.

Colored stripes went round and wound its body. It had yellow stripes and stripes of black and white.

A bright-colored butterfly was flying nearby. It stopped to taste the sweet flower of the milkweed plant.

It was a beautiful butterfly. Its wings were a dark orange color. The edges of the wings were black with white and yellow spots.

There are many, many different kinds of butterflies in the world. This was a monarch butterfly.

The caterpillar crawled slowly about on the leaf. The butterfly flew quickly away.

The caterpillar did not look at the butterfly. The butterfly did not look at the caterpillar.

The butterfly did not know that once it was a caterpillar like the one on the leaf. The caterpillar did not know that soon it would be a butterfly like the one on the milkweed flower.

33.2.632 Grandmother’s Cookbook

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and was

SKP-FS

at the

TE

I was

EUFS

if a

TPA*EU

in a

TPHA*EU

instead of

STPHEFD

it was

T-FS

like it

THRAOEUBG

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

part of the

PAFRT

tablespoon

T-BS

to be

TOB

too much

TAOFP

vanilla

SRAPBL

which the

KH-T

written in

TPWHR*EUPB

Text

I was reading Grandmother's cookbook not long ago and was surprised at the rich food her family ate. It was not a printed book but a small copybook in which the recipes were written in a long, slanting hand. Cakes called for a dozen eggs and a pound of butter. Sauces were to be made "smooth with heavy cream". If a measure was given, it was "heaping tablespoons", a "good cup", or "dot with in. (inch) squares of butter".

The first part of the cookbook contained recipes for making pickles --sweet pickles, sour pickles, watermelon pickles, and spiced fruits. Grandmother had written a note on one recipe: "Not too much celery seed next time. H.R. (Grandfather) doesn't like it."

Then came the pies. The deep-dish cherry pie sounded delicious. She had recipes for cooking venison, quail, and rabbit with curry sauce. One whole page was devoted to "how to fry chicken in deep butter fat." The most amusing little note she had written was on one of the cake recipes: "Use vanilla instead of almond flavoring. Almond is poison in H.R.'s stomach."

33.2.633 A Pantry Yesterday and Today

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and it

SKPEUT

at once

TWUPBS

came in

TKPHAEUPL

for the

TP-RT

form of

TPOFRPL

full of

TPUFL

ground in

TKPWHROUPBD

in addition

TPHAGS

in fact

TPH-FT

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

lettuce

HRET TUS

may be

PHA*EUB

of the

-FT

olive

OL *EUF

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

refrigerator

TPR*EUPBLG

spinach

SPEUPB AFP

to be

TOB

which had

KH-D

years ago

KWRAOERGS

Text

The modern pantry consists mainly of an electric refrigerator containing perhaps a cardboard carton of milk, a head of lettuce, a bottle of olives, and a package of frozen spinach! In addition there may be a kitchen shelf with a row of canisters containing sugar, salt, flour, oaf, cereal, and rice, and a bread box holding sliced white and rye bread. In fact, the younger generation knows nothing of the delights of an old-fashioned pantry.

Forty years ago a pantry was something quite different. It was a very large closet, often with a window, and it was shelved from floor to ceiling. Flour and sugar were there, but in barrels, or in sacks weighing a hundred pounds. On the shelves were pies and cakes and often a pudding stuffed full of raisins. The big stone jar was almost always filled with walnut cookies. Coffee came in the form of little brown beans, which had to be ground in the hand mill, boiled, and drunk at once. Jam, jelly, and preserves were kept, not in the pantry, but in the cellar, where hung fine hams and slabs of bacon. In the winter large pans of milk sat on the pantry shelves waiting for the cream to rise. Little wonder that children were invited to stay out of the pantry!

33.2.634 Untitled

Selected Words

abbreviation

PWRAOEFGS

all the

AULT

and to

TAOPBD

at the

TE

between the

TWAOEPBT

can you

KU

do you

TKOU

do you know

TKAOUPBLG

do you understand

TKOURPBD

have a

SRA

in addition

TPHAGS

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

of a

AEUF

of it

T-F

of the

-FT

such as

SUFPS

that are

THAR

that you

THAU

the two

TWOT

used in

TPHAOUFD

we are

WER

when you

WHU

you can

UBG

you know

KWRAOUPB

Text

A knowledge of how to spell and to use the arithmetic terms is a help in doing problems. Practice writing these words. Do you know how to spell the common abbreviations used in arithmetic, such as "sq. mi.", "hr.", and "min."? Can you write the words for all the numbers from one to one hundred? When you get into the twenties, be sure to start using a hyphen. All the two-word numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine have a hyphen. In multiplication, we multiply a number by its multiplier. If we wish to multiply eighty by eleven, then eleven is the multiplier. Do you know that you can multiply any number by ten simply by putting a zero at the end of it? If we wish to take ten percent of a number, we put a decimal point between the last two figures. In subtraction, the number taken away from another is the subtrahend. If we are subtracting eighty from ninety, eighty is the subtrahend. Do you understand the use of the term, "borrow one", in subtraction? Can you write the terms that are used in addition and division?

33.2.635 The Big Bombers

Selected Words

accompanied

A K-PD

all the

AULT

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

back to

TPWAOBG

bombardier

PWOPL PWARD KWRER

football

TPAOBL

has been

HAB

have been

SR-B

if the

TP-T

is like

SHRAOEUBG

is the

S-T

it has

T-Z

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

prepared to

TPRAOEPD

that the

THAT

they could

THEBGD

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

which the

KH-T

with the

W-T

Text

It has been remarked that the foundation of our air power is the "big gun" of the air -- our big bomber.

The biggest of our bombers can carry enough gasoline for long and difficult trips. Though they are practically always accompanied by fighter planes, they are equipped with guns to be used if the flight must be continued alone.

The crew of a bomber is like a football team, only it has a more serious purpose. All the members must consent to work to the, and each must do his particular job at the proper moment. Not only that, but each must be prepared to take over other jobs if necessary. Indeed, there have been instances when all but two of a total crew of nine have been killed or wounded, and these remaining two have shown that they could bring the ship back.

An important member of the crew is the man known as the bombardier. He uses a very accurate instrument, the bombsight, which tells him the exact moment to push a button connected with the racks on which the bombs are hung. When he touches the button, down fall the bombs.

When all the bombs have fallen on their objectives, the efforts of the crew are centered on getting back to safety.

33.2.636 Southern Pines

Selected Words

amount of

AFPLT

and more

SKPHOR

attention is

A STEPBGS

because of

PWAUFS

because of the

PWAUFTS

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

is also

SHR-S

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

some of

SPHOF

there is

THR-LGS

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

where the

W-RT

which were

WEURP

Text

Many people associate the word "pine" with ever greens growing in our northern woods, about there is also a large supply of pine to be found in the southern part of our country -- white, red, and pitch pine. The trees quickly and easily grow to a great height because of the soil and climate. Thus greater quantities of lumber per acre are obtained from southern than from northern forests.

The small-sized pines which were once regarded as entirely worthless, or fit only for fuel, now produce a greet deal of wood pulp. The trees are taken to the railroads and transported to mill or factory, where the pulp is made.

The amount of wood pulp made into paper has increased in the past few years. Some of this pulp is made into paper for printing newspapers, and large quantities are made into paper bags.

Greater attention is now paid to the conservation of our forests. We no longer cut wood carelessly; new trees are planted yearly, and more care is taken to prevent fires.

33.2.637 The Age of Power

Selected Words

and can

SKP-BG

at a

T*A

connect to

TKOEBGT

has been

HAB

in an

in the

TPH-T

more than

PH-RPB

motor

PHOERT

now the

TPHOUT

on the

OPBT

or the

ORT

pavement

PAEUFPLT

to the

TOT

where the

W-RT

Text

New kinds of power changed the pioneer way of living. On the farm, the horse gave way to the tractor, and in the factory, hand labor gave way to the machine. In the home, gas and electricity replaced the candle and oil lamp. The trail or the narrow road, where the travel has been blind with dust, disappeared. Fine highways were built to connect towns and cities. Now the streamlined expressed races over gleaming rails at seventy, eighty, or ninety miles an hour. Airplanes travel even faster and can more than double that speed.

Many people travel by motor, stopping overnight at a pleasant roadside camp. Father or Mother can guide the car without effort over the smooth pavement. In an age of power and speed, space seems to disappear.

33.2.638 Sky Adventure

Selected Words

adventure

SREPBG

as it

TAZ

as the

SAZ

at the

TE

began to

STKPWAOPB

directly

TKREL

for the

TP-RT

from the

TPR-T

he would

ELD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

kind of

KAOEUFPBD

lieutenant

HRAOUPBT

project

PROPBLG

signal

STPHAL

the two

TWOT

they would

THELD

until the

TPH-LT

Text

Flight-Lieutenant Hamilton was off at midnight on a secret project. He had been given permission to use the biggest plane at the airport. He left his base with four men, after he had received the all clear" signal from the radio control tower.

After traveling for miles, the plain suddenly ran into fog and cloud banks. As the clouds parted, something terrible seemed about to happen -- another airplane was coming directly toward them! Flight-Lieutenant Hamilton's plane took a nosedive, and everyone waited for the crash. But nothing happened. The two planes passed with very little space to spare!

Hamilton's plane dropped a thousand feet and then began to level off. As it slowly climbed again, he looked back at his men. None of them had quit his post. No, he would never be disappointed in these men. He knew that they would stand by him through any kind of adventure until the airport was reached.

33.2.639 The Perfect Specimen

Selected Words

about the

PW-T

air force

Air Force

A*EUFRS

and he

SKPE

at the

TE

can be

K-B

full of

TPUFL

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is an

SA*PB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

physical examination

TP-BGS

that the

THAT

think about

THEUBT

we think

WEPBG

who has

WHO*Z

Text

In recent years aviation has developed so enormously that the skies of today are often full of planes. We hardly even glance as one pass overhead, flashing brightly in the sun. Seldom do we think about the pilot in charge of the plane; and yet, the man who sits at the controls comes as near being a "perfect specimen" of young manhood as can be found. Perhaps he is an old-timer, the winner of a medal or two; perhaps he is a new pilot who has just received his commission and wears the uniform of the R.C.A. F.

An Air Force pilot must be almost physically perfect in every respect. He must pass a rigid physical examination. His eyes must have nearly perfect muscle balance; and his hearing, reflexes, and general condition must also be of a very high standard.

If he passes this collection of tests, he goes through ground training school, initial flying school and then service flying school. At the end of about the tenth month or so, his day of victory arrives, and he is given his "wings."

33.2.640 Where Diamonds are Found

Selected Words

a little

HR-LT

and the

SKP-T

at a

T*A

at the

TE

commercial

KPERBL

decomposition

TK*E KPOGS

diamond

TKAOEUPLD

enterprise

EPBT PRAOEUZ

in a

TPHA*EU

is a

SA*EU

is the

S-T

of the

-FT

South Africa

SO*UT AFR KA

that the

THAT

they were

THERP

to be

TOB

very much

SR-FP

which are

KH-R

which was

WEUFS

Text

The most brilliant, the most precious, the most expensive of all gems is the diamond -- a little sister to a lump of coal. Diamonds are pure carbon and need no refining. Just how they are formed is still a mystery to scientists. The rocks and minerals in which they are found have refused to tell the secret of the origin of diamonds.

The richest diamond deposits today are in South Africa where they were first recognized in a pebble which was found along the banks of the Orange River. Diamonds seem to be deposited in cone-shaped areas which are round and wide at the top and which slope down to a point at a great depth -- very much like giant ice cream cones. The topsoil is red, the next layer is yellow, and the lowest part is blue. The yellow soil is a decomposition of the blue. Some think that the most nearly perfect diamonds come from blue ground.

The earliest method of mining diamonds was by the simple operation of digging by hand. When machinery was introduced, the mines became a commercial enterprise.

33.2.641 The Air We Breathe

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

available in

STPHRAEUBL

can you

KU

carbon dioxide

KOEUBGS

hydrogen

TKROEUPB

in order

TPHORD

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

nitrogen

TPHREPB

oxygen

SKWRO*EUPBGS

sorts of

to the

TOT

which are

KH-R

which is

WEUS

Text

Nature requires that every living thing breathe air into its system, in order that it may receive oxygen. A lack of oxygen, due to a stop age of breathing, causes death. Fish find air available in the water. Whales, which are not fish, must come to the surface for a breath of air now and then.

Men, animals, and plants breathe the air which envelops both land and water. Of what does this live-giving air consist? Air is a mixture of certain gases -- oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and several other sorts of gases in small quantities, as well as some moisture, or water, which is itself a compound of oxygen and hydrogen.

Men and animals use the oxygen in the air and force out the carbon dioxide which their bodies have manufactured. Plants exchange gases with us. They use the carbon dioxide in the air and give off oxygen. Can you see why it is healthful to live in the country, surrounded by trees and plants?

33.2.642 The art of the Goldsmith

Selected Words

and so

SAOPBD

and so forth

STPHOF

as a

SA*Z

before the

PW-FRT

Benvenuto

- -

Cellini

KHE HREU TPHEU

easy to

TOEZ

from a

TPRA*

had a

HA

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

more than

PH-RPB

of the

-FT

so forth

STPO*RT

that he

THAE

which was

WEUFS

Text

A man who works with gold -- turning it into cups, bowls, vases, jewelry, and so forth -- is known as a "goldsmith". The art of the goldsmith is a very ancient one. It is unknown when gold was first used. Perhaps some early miner, having dug gold from a pit, discovered that he had a metal which was easy to work with. No equipment except a stone hammer was necessary to shape a lump of gold into a pleasing object.

Crowns, chains, bracelets, and other pieces of gold jewelry were found in the tomb of five Egyptian princesses who lived more than two thousand years before the birth of Christ. The goldsmiths of the early Greeks produced beautiful pins, beads, earrings, and crowns made in a style which we now call "classic". The Romans added pearls and other stones to their gold jewelry. Some Roman women covered themselves with gold ornaments worth a fortune.

In the sixteenth century, the art of the goldsmith reached its height in Benvenuto Cellini. With his delicate instruments, Cellini fashioned in gold the finest pieces ever made. His cups, vases, bowls, and salt cellars have never been equaled.

33.2.643 Law and Crime

Selected Words

and is

SKP-S

and to

TAOPBD

as a

SA*Z

at least

THRAOEFT

before the

PW-FRT

branch is

SPWRAFRPB

civil

SEUFL

counsel

KOUPB

criminal

KR-L

document

TKAOUPLT

for the

TP-RT

going to

TKPW*GS

in a

TPHA*EU

in all

TPHAUL

is also

SHR-S

is no

STPHO

make clear

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

place of business

PHRAEUBS

relates to

TRAOELTS

should be

SHOB

testimony

T*PL

the Court

TKORT

warrant

WARPBT

we should

WERBD

which is

WEUS

Text

"Ignorance of the law is no excuse for crime." So goes an old saying, the meaning of which is perfectly clear: we should be informed, at least in a general way, as to what constitutes an offense, and we also should know something about legal procedure.

When anyone is accused of a crime, it is customary in Canada for the police to procure a document known as a warrant before going to his house or place of business to arrest him. A warrant is also required before the police may search private property.

When a case comes before the judge of a court, the presence of witnesses having knowledge of the offense is required. They are sworn in by the clerk of the court. By means of their testimony and that of the accused person, the counsel on each side seeks, in theory at least, to investigate and to make clear the facts of each case. In all types of court action, full copies of the proceedings are made and kept.

One branch of the law relates to crime and is known as criminal law. Another branch is civil law, under which come cases relating to contracts, or bar gains between private citizens.

33.2.644 The Wandering Minstrel

Selected Words

community

KPAOUPBT

during the

TKURGT

England

TKPWHRAEPBD

Europe

AO*URP

for the

TP-RT

in this

STHEUPBS

into the

TPHAOT

Middle Ages

PHEUD L AEUPBLG S

minstrel

PHEUPB STREL

of the

-FT

some of

SPHOF

tournament

TO*RPLT

wander

WAERPBD

Text

All over Europe during the Middle Ages homeless wandering poets traveled about providing music for the different communities. These men, who in Englandwere called minstrels, told stories in verse and set their verse to music.

The verse and music were often the minstrel's own invention, but he also told the old familiar tales and sang the old songs. In this way old stories and songs were preserved and handed down from father to son. We still sing some of these songs today.

A minstrel who found favor with a king might remain for some time at court. He entertained with many a tune and many a story of the king's own brave deeds by the sword.

The minstrels appeared at various castles and stayed to enjoy a feast, to watch a tournament, to see a blue ribbon won. Many of these poets entered into the life of the community, too, by entertaining the poor folks.

33.2.645 From Tropical Lands

Selected Words

agricultural

AG K-L

alligator

AL TKPWAEU TOR

and are

SKP-R

and is

SKP-S

and it

SKPEUT

and the

SKP-T

before the

PW-FRT

begin to

STKPWOEUPB

coconut

KOEBG TPHUT

from the

TPR-T

in the

TPH-T

is the

S-T

of the

-FT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

said that

STHAEUD

that a

THA*

that cannot

thatch

THA*FP

there are

THR-R

to the

TOT

tobacco

TPWABG

value to

STRAOUL

zone

STKPWOEPB

Text

One of the chief agricultural products raised in the tropical zone is the coconut. It is of great value to the natives and is one of the most important exports. There are few tropical islands that cannot boast of large coconut plantations.

Coconut palms seem to flourish along the seacoast in rich, porous soil. The trees begin to bear from four to eight years after planting, and each tree yields about two hundred coconuts per year. The white meat is eaten raw or is cooked, and the white liquid is drunk like milk. A juice from the flowers of the coconut palm is used to make native wine. The great palm leaves furnish thatch for roofs and are dried and woven into mats and baskets. Both Europe and America import coconut oil for making soap and candles.

Some other products exported from tropical lands are spices, sugar, bananas, alligator pears, certain types of melons, rice, tobacco, and rubber. Spices grow in great abundance on tropical islands, and it is often said that a ship's crew can smell the spices long before the ship reaches land.

33.2.646 The Camp at Little River

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

and to

TAOPBD

as well

SW*EL

association

SOERBGS

at the

TE

bachelor

PWAFP HROR

before the

PW-FRT

children and

SKPHEURPB

community

KPHAOUPBT

improvement

PROFPLT

in the

TPH-T

living in

TPHREUFG

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

out to

TPOUT

the two

TWOT

there were

THR-RP

they would

THELD

to its

TOEUTS

up and

SKPUP

vacant

SRAEUBGT

welfare

WEFL

were not

WR-PBLT

who was

WHOFS

would have

WOUF

Text

Every summer the Welfare Association of Little River sent invitations to children living in the densely settled sections of a large city nearby, to spend two months in the country. There they would have fresh air, good food to eat, country milk to drink and a sandy beach to play on.

One June the two main camp buildings burned down. Since there were no vacant houses in town, new camp buildings must be put up and the grounds beautified before the city children arrived. The soaks called upon the schoolboys for help.

The Welfare Association was run by a bachelor, who was the giver of most of its funds. Perhaps his objectives were not only to get new buildings but also to get the whole town interested in the welfare of the children and to raise more money.

At any rate, not only all the boys, but their fathers and uncles as well turned out to help. Everyone who knew how to use a hammer or a spade arrived at the campgrounds. In two weeks a wonderful improvement had taken place, and the town talked of nothing but opening its camp on time. Little River had suddenly found the Welfare Association important to its community life.

33.2.647 A Great Day for Richard

Selected Words

all the

AULT

as the

SAZ

freedom

TPRAOEPLD

German

SKWR*ERPB

had not

H-PBLT

it would

T-LD

livelihood

HRAOFD

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

Richard

REUFPD

there was

THR-FS

to the

TOT

when the

WHEPBT

where he

WRE

World War II

WORLD WAR 2

Text

On the fifteenth of May, 1946, Richard's father returned from Europe, where he had been a member of the Canadian army in World War II.

He had many tales to tell Richard of his experiences. He described the dreadful scars borne by the territory that had been overrun by the German armies. These lands became one huge battlefield as the Allies failed to stop the German advance.

Afterwards, when the tide of war had passed them, the defeated people tried to take up their life again; but they had lost their property and their livelihood, and often they lived under conditions that almost amounted to slavery.

Then came the time when the Allied armies in their turn swept over Europe, restoring freedom to the peoples. What rejoicing there was in every country as the cheering crowds went wild with joy, and greeted the Allies with gifts and flowers!

The peace treaty had not been sighed when Richard's father returned, but all the nations hoped that it would, in due course, bring real and lasting peace to a shattered world.

33.2.648 Electricity

Selected Words

all the

AULT

can you

KU

every day

*EFRD

everyone in

TPHEFRPB

goes to

TKPWOS

how many

HOUPL

in a

TPHA*EU

in an

in the

TPH-T

into the

TPHAOT

is a

SA*EU

of the

-FT

out to

TPOUT

some of

SPHOF

that the

THAT

things are

THREUPBGS

to the

TOT

up and

SKPUP

Text

Many machines are run by electricity. Some of them are in people's homes. How many can you see in the picture on pages 144-145?

Fred lives in an apartment house in the city. When he goes out to play, an elevator takes him down to the street.

Big stores and other big buildings have elevators. The elevators take people up and down all day long. Electricity is used to run most elevators.

Sometimes Fred rides downtown on an electric streetcar. When he goes to visit his grandmother he rides on an electric train.

Many, many of the things people use every day are made in factories. Shoes, caps, dresses, suits, coats, leggings, chairs, beds, tables, dishes --hundreds of things are made in factories. In many of these factories, the machines are run by electricity.

Everyone in the Davis family is glad that electricity has come to their farm.

Mrs. Davis says, "Housework is much easier now that the electric pump sends water into the house."

The pump sends water to the barnyard. Peter says, "The pump makes it easier to water the cows and chickens."

Mr. Davis says, "The electric milking machine is wonderful. It milks all the cows in a very short time."

Electricity is a help to many farmers like Mr. Davis.

In the city and in the country, in factories and on farms, electricity makes things move.

33.2.649 The Canadian Rockies

Selected Words

in the

TPH-T

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

present to

TPROEPBT

Rocky Mountains

ROBG KWREU PHOUPB TAEUPB -S

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

Text

The Rocky Mountains present to the visitor some of the finest scenery in the world. These mighty masses of solid rock flung high against the sky give the region an appearance of grandeur and beauty.

Rushing streams which seethe and boil have worn a course through canyons whose great depths give one a feeling of awe. As these tour rents rush through the narrow openings or leap over falls, they send a shower of mist and foam over the yellow and purple sides of the canyon. Seeing obstacles swept aside, visitors often make some remark on the possibility of using that great power some day.

Many travelers higher a hotel guide to show them the sights. Our national government wisely makes known the delights of this fine tourist attraction.

33.2.650 Some Animals Band Together to Hibernate

Selected Words

case of

KAEUFS

during the

TKURGT

have you

SRU

Have you ever

SRUFR

in the

TPH-T

Kentucky

K*PB

there are

THR-R

up and

SKPUP

you ever

UFR

Text

Some animals band together to hibernate, or sleep during cold weather. Rattlesnakes sleep together in rocky places. In the spring they wake up and crawl off alone again. Have you ever found a whole family of snakes under a log in the woods? They have slept there all winter.

Little brown bats hibernate in caves and in Barnes during the winter months. There are mosquitoes in Kentucky which hibernate in case of during cold weather.

33.2.651 Pyramids and Mummies

Selected Words

as the

SAZ

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

bandage

PW-PBLG

can be

K-B

Egyptian

AOE SKWREPGS

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

is the

S-T

it was

T-FS

physical

TPEUS

pyramid

PEUR PHEUD

that the

THAT

they were

THERP

which was

WEUFS

which were

WEURP

with the

W-T

wonderful

WUFL

Text

Once the Egyptian pyramids presented an interesting puzzle. It is now known that they were built as tombs to keep secure the mummies, or dead bodies, of kings. The pyramids, constructed of stone, probably by slave labor, are among the oldest existing bilges in the world. Older than any castles or forts or churches or temples, they date back nearly five thousand years.

Quite as interesting as the great tomb itself is the mummy which was hidden inside in a secret room. The Egyptians believed that physical life went on after death and that the body should, therefore, be preserved. They discovered a wonderful treatment, which took about ten weeks.

After the body was prepared, it was neatly wrapped in strips of linen cloth, which were like a bandage. The mummy was then arranged in a painted wooden case and placed in its tomb. Food, clothing, jewels, and toilet articles were buried with the bodies for their comfort.

Mummies of animals, as well as of people, can be seen in many a museum.

33.2.652 Primitive Religion

Selected Words

ability to

TAOBLT

and could

SKP-BGD

and he

SKPE

and to

TAOPBD

even in

TPHAOEPB

great many

TKPWRAEPL

have been

SR-B

human beings

HAOUBGS

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

it was

T-FS

monument

PHOPLT

of a

AEUF

pilgrimage

PEULG PHAPBLG

sacrifice

SABG TPAOEUS

some people

SPAOEPL

Stonehenge

STOEPB HEPBG

superstition

SAOUP STEUGS

they could

THEBGD

things in

TPHEUPBGS

things that

THAEUPBGS

to be

TOB

to have

TOF

to the

TOT

were not

WR-PBLT

which were

WEURP

Text

To primitive man a great many things in the world were a mystery. He knew and could learn something about human beings and animals, but such matters as rain, lightning, heat, dryness and sickness were beyond his crude understanding.

Since they could help or hinder his progress, he thought they possessed magic. He had great faith in his ability to do things that might please these mysterious forces, and he refrained from doing things that might anger them. Thus arose "taboos", or things which were not to be done. Even in our civilized society today some people refuse to do certain "unlucky" things. This attitude of mind we call superstition.

Primitive men came to worship many things in nature. Sometimes people would worship an idol -- an image of a god -- which they themselves had made. Animals and even human beings were offered up as sacrifices. Place where sacrifices were held became sacred, and men made pilgrimages to these spots to pray and to cast out evil forces. The strange design of stones which still stands at Stonehenge, in England, is believed by some to have been a place of worship; others think it was a monument to the dead.

33.2.653 No One Sees Electricity

Selected Words

as it

TAZ

could not

KOPBLT

from the

TPR-T

if you

TPU

in a

TPHA*EU

in the

TPH-T

no one

TPHOEUPB

or the

ORT

you could

UBGD

Text

All around you electricity is at work. You see what it does, but no one ever has seen electricity itself.

You cannot see electricity as it travels along a wire. If you could see inside the wire, you could not see electricity there.

No one cease electricity as it goes out from the powerhouse. No one sees the electricity in a light bulb on an electric iron. You just see what electricity does. You see the light which electricity makes in the bulb. You feel the heat in the iron or the stove.

33.2.654 Trial by Jury

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

argument

ARGT

at the

TE

Attorney

TO*ERPB

before the

PW-FRT

between the

TWAOEPBT

from a

TPRA*

grand jury

Grand Jury

TKPWR*PBLG

great deal

TKPWRAEL

guilty

TKPW-LT

have been

SR-B

have the

SR-T

innocent

TPH-PBT

is a

SA*EU

juror

SKWROR

jury

SKWRUR

justice

SKWRUFS

legal

HRAOEL

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

out of

OUFT

procedure

PRAOURD

testimony

T*PL

the Court

TKORT

there is

THR-LGS

to the

TOT

whether the

WHR-T

with the

W-T

witness

W-PBS

Text

It is a principle of law that "the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury". A great deal of legal procedure must, however, be gone through between the arrest by a policeman and the carrying out of justice.

Before the prisoner is brought to trial, the case is taken up with the grand jury, by the Crown Attorney. The grand jury is made up of twelve members who decide if there is enough evidence against the prisoner to warrant a trial. If so, the case goes on the court calendar.

The accused usually employs a lawyer to handle his case. Before the opening of the trial the Sheriff summons a panel of jurors to serve on the jury, the jurors being selected from a Voters' List. The Crown and the defense each have the right to challenge the jurors, and when twelve unchallenged persons have been selected by lot, the jury is complete.

At the opening session of the trial the lawyers for both sides address the jury, presents their lines of argument and what they intend to prove. Then each witness is called up in turn to give his testimony. At the end, each lawyer again speaks to the jury. The judge then tells the jury to decide, on the basis of the faggots, whether the prisoner is innocent or guilty.

33.2.655 Zinc and Phosphorus

Selected Words

and is

SKP-S

and is not

are not

R-PBLT

as a

SA*Z

because it

TPWAUS

chemical

KHEL

composed of

KPO*EFD

copper

KO*RP

for example

TPOERBGS

for the

TP-RT

in a

TPHA*EU

in an

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

is an

SA*PB

is not

S-PBLT

it was

T-FS

peculiar

PEBG HRAR

phosphorus

TPOS TPRUS

poisonous

POEUS TPHOUS

substance

SAUBS

to be

TOB

what a

WHA*

when it

TWHEPB

zinc

STKPW*EUPBG

Text

Not all elements occur in a free state in nature. Some occur as compounds with other substances and must be separated into their pure forms. Zinc, for example, was long a puzzle to early chemists. While it was found in abundance as a compound, zinc sulfide, it was not found in its pure form. Zinc is an important mineral because it mixes easily with other metals. Brass is composed of zinc and copper.

Another chemical not to be found in its pure form, is phosphorus. An abundant supply of phosphates is found in bones and in rock containing the bones of ancient animals. From these sources two kinds of phosphorus are obtained -- yellow and red. These two chemicals are not at all alike. Yellow phosphorus is a powerful substance that must be handled only by an expert and must be kept under water to avoid its catching fire. It glows in the dark, has a peculiar odor, and is extremely poisonous. When it is heated in an airtight container to four hundred degrees, it is changed into red phosphorus. And what a change! Red phosphorus has no glow, is odorless, and is not poisonous. Anyone can handle it, and everyone does when he strikes a safety match, for the strike surface contains sand and red phosphorus.

33.2.656 Stagecoach Days in England

Selected Words

adventurous

SREPBG ROUS

all the

AULT

allowed to

THRO*UD

and so

SAOPBD

and were

SKP-RP

beneath

TPHAO*ET

England

TKPWHRAEPBD

Hungary

H*UPBG REU

in the

TPH-T

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

or the

ORT

out of

OUFT

preferred to

TPHREFRD

ready to

TKRAOE

rear end

RAOERPBD

spite of

SPAOEUF

through the

THRUT

to be

TOB

until the

TPH-LT

used in

TPHAOUFD

were not

WR-PBLT

with the

W-T

Text

In the olden days, during Queen Elizabeth's reign, the roads were in such bad condition, and so little was ever done to improve them, that coaches were not very largely used. Most traveling was done on horse back, and even Elizabeth herself preferred to ride a horse, for her coach had sometimes to be lifted out of the mud of the London streets!

Coaches were first made in Hungary and later introduced to England. Stage coaches were not used in England until the seventeenth century. The body of a stagecoach was fastened by springs or straps to a framework beneath. Four persons occupied the inside seats, one sat outside with the driver, and two more used the seat behind. A guard sat over the "boot" or the rear end, with his firearms ready to defend the passengers against any beggar or highwayman they might encounter before reaching their destination.

Those adventurous persons who, in spite of the danger dared to travel by stagecoach, were pretty uncomfortable. A coach might travel smoothly enough in the highlands, but in the lowlands the road often became lost in the swamps. All the passengers had to walk through the mud and were not allowed to ride until they got to dry ground again!

33.2.657 Poisonous Plants

Selected Words

are not

R-PBLT

as a

SA*Z

as the

SAZ

clematis

KHREPL TEUS

hard to

THAORD

identified

AOEUD TPAOEUD

if the

TP-T

in our

TPHOUR

may be

PHA*EUB

Northwest Territories

TPHO*RT W*ES TER TOEUR -S

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

one of

WUFPB

one of the

WUFPBT

or the

ORT

organic

TKPWRO*PBG

quantities

KWAPBTS

such as

SUFPS

to the

TOT

we are

WER

Text

The best known of the poisonous plants is poison ivy, a small three-leaved plant that either climbs or grows close to the ground if the in spring and summer it is easily identified by its three shiny leaves and cannot be handled safely. It is found throughout Canada, as far south as southwest Ontario and as far north as the Northwest Territories.

A similar plant is poison oak. The poison from these plants is neither organic nor nervous in its effect on the body; it merely acts as a severe skin irritant.

Some other wild plants, such as the water hemlock, contain poison, and streams may be ruined by them. One of the most poisonous of all plants is named the "deadly nightshade", yesterday medicine of great value is extracted from it.

Some garden flowers contain poison, but in such small quantities that they are not dangerous to cultivate. It is hard to imagine, when we see the graceful purple petals of the Clematis or the nodding pink and white heads of larkspur, that we are including poisonous plants in our gardens.

33.2.658 Our Boys’ Club

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

as it

TAZ

for the

TP-RT

in our

TPHOUR

in the

TPH-T

is an

SA*PB

membership

PHEP

of course

-FBG

organization

ORGS

purpose of

PUFRPS

that a

THA*

to the

TOT

which was

WEUFS

years ago

KWRAOERGS

years of age

KWRAOERS AEUFPBLG

Text

The Boys' Club in our town is an organization which was planned and established by our fathers about twenty years ago for the purpose of encouraging hobbies and team play in sports. Membership in the club is open to boys from ten to sixteen years of age, but the club reserves the right to vote on each new member.

At the first meets in September we immediately get to the business of electing new officer -- a president, a secretary, and a treasurer, who collects our dues of two dollars a year. Small pieces of cardboard are passed around, and the voting takes place.

After the election, our new president usually asks if anyone wishes to amend our constitution. It is natural, of course, that a good many amendments are introduced; but after talking them over we vote most of them down, and the club goes on in much the same way as it always has.

At ten o'clock out come the cups and saucers and plates, and the boys enjoy hot chocolate and cookies. The meeting usually breaks up about ten-thirty.

33.2.659 Wandering Tribes of the Plains

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

as a

SA*Z

as a result

SRULT

buffalo

PWUF HROE

North America

TPHA* TPHA*

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

on the

OPBT

on the other hand

TPHOERPBD

permanent

PERPL

ready to

TKRAOE

so far

STPAR

so far as

SO TPARZ

Spaniard

SPAPB KWRARD

that a

THA*

then the

THEPBT

there were

THR-RP

they could

THEBGD

they were

THERP

to me

TPHE

we know

W*EPB

with the

W-T

Text

So far as we know, there were buffalo in North America before there were men. On the other hand, horses were brought here by the Spaniards, and by the eighteenth century, horses were commonly owned by the Indians of the plains.

For generations the scattered tribes of this vast plains region had traveled only on foot; but as they gradually acquired horses, they could roam long distances and explore to me region in search of bull low. They used tons of buffalo meat for food and numerous hides for clothing and shelter.

Thus, as a result of the introduction of horses, many of the tribes of the plains became wandering tribes, with no permanent homes, little livestock, and nothing but movable possessions. They sometimes set up temporary villages, but they were always ready to break camp when a rider returned with the news that a buffalo herd had been sighted. Then the hunters rode forth, and by enclosing the herd, they were able to slay great numbers of buffalo.

33.2.660 Clean-up Time

Selected Words

and it

SKPEUT

and was

SKP-FS

as far as

STPARS

as the

SAZ

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

Broadriver

KPA PWRAOD TK-LS REUFR

campaign

KPAEUPB

civic

SEUFBG

community

KPHAOUPBT

going to

TKPW*GS

in the

TPH-T

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

should be

SHOB

to be

TOB

to the

TOT

wanted to

TWAOPBTD

Text

The Community Welfare League announced in the local paper that important visitors were going to choose a model town from among the various communities in the district.

Naturally, went on the article, Broadriver wanted to be selected. As far as the natural setting of the town went, no other town could equal its position on both banks of the river. However, the town should be cleaner! The regular force of men was unable to handle the situation without help. The league suggested that boys and girls assist in clearing away rubbish and trash. If such bundles were tied with twine and placed by the nearest street or alley, trucks would pick them up.

The article appealed to the civic pride of the adults as well as to the young people. It urged the men to paint their houses, scene doors, and porches, and it asked the women to work on the lawns and flowers gardens.

The campaign waged by the Community Welfare League was a success. In six weeks Broadriver was cleaned and beautified and was actually chosen as the model town.

33.2.661 The Beginnings of the French Revolution

Selected Words

and a

SKPA

and the

SKP-T

Antoinette

APB TWOPB TPHET

economy

KPHEU

extravagance

EBGS TRAF TKPWAPBS

finance

TP-PB

French Revolution

TPREFRPB REFL AOUGS

from the

TPR-T

in the

TPH-T

is a

SA*EU

it up

TUP

Louis XIV

HRAOU WAOE 14

Louis XV

HRAOU WEU 15 *T

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

part of the

PAFRT

poverty

POFRT

that the

THAT

through the

THRUT

to the

TOT

Turgot

-

with the

W-T

Text

The history of France in the eighteenth century is a story of luxury and extravagance on the part of the kings and queens and of back-breaking taxes, poverty, and starvation on the part of the peasants -- not a romantic picture.

When Louis XIV died in 1715, his great-grandson Louis XV, came to the throne -- a weak man and a weaker king. He occupied himself at court with the affairs of pleasure, spending enormous sums which he took from the peasants.

After nearly sixty years Louis XV died, and his grandson, Louis XVI, became king. Extravagance increased. He and his Queen, Marie Antoinette, with their numerous "gentlemen in attendance" and "ladies in waiting", led an even gayer live of pleasure.

At last the King fount that the constant drain of expenses had left him without money. He appointed a new minister, Turgot, who showed him the meaning of economy. Through the influence of the Queen and the nobles, who thought economy a dull subject, Turgot was dismissed. The King auld an assembly, to decide what to do about finances, and then used his troops to try to break it up. Finally the people of Paris rose in revolt, and burned the Bastille, the famous prison, on July 14, 1789. So began the terrifying drama of the French Revolution.

33.2.662 Tapestry

Selected Words

and are

SKP-R

and was

SKP-FS

artist

TR-FT

down the

TKOUPBT

embroidery

EPL PWROEUD REU

for the

TP-RT

helped to

THOEPD

in a

TPHA*EU

in fact

TPH-FT

is a

SA*EU

ladies and gentlemen

HRAEUPBLG

Norman

TPHOR PHAPB

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on the

OPBT

some of

SPHOF

some of the

SOFPLT

tapestry

TAPS TREU

up and

SKPUP

Text

An interesting historical document, now in a museum in France, is a piece of tapestry covered with embroidery. The pictures on it describe the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. The tapestry is larger than any other of its kind and was probably made to fit the wall of a church. Whoever designed and completed the tapestry was a real artist.

Not all tapestries are embroidered. In fact, most of them have no embroidery whatever, the designs are woven with linen, woolen, or silk threads. Some of the most famous tapestries were made in Europe after the fourteenth century, and are known as "Gothic tapestries". Many of these Gothic tapestries picture outdoor scenes, in which noble ladies and gentlemen have come to attend a garden party. The colors are bright.

Such tapestries served a doubt purpose. The floors and walls of castles were paved with stone. A beautiful wall decoration made the stone seem less bare; and as people walked up and down the stone floor the outdoor scenes on the tapestries helped to make up for the lack of windows.

33.2.663 The Life Cycle of the Butterfly

Selected Words

all the

AULT

and a

SKPA

antennae

APB TEPB TPHAE

attached to

attempt to

A TAOEPLT

chrysalis

KREUS HREUS

composed of

KPO*EFD

consisting of

consists of

KAOFS

during the

TKURGT

for the

TP-RT

group of

TKPWRAOUFP

if the

TP-T

in an

in order

TPHORD

in the

TPH-T

in this

STHEUPBS

is a

SA*EU

itself to

EUT STOEFL

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

of this

TH-F

one of

WUFPB

when the

WHEPBT

which are

KH-R

Text

The butterfly goes through a very interesting serious of changes in his life cycle. He changes completely from one form into another.

This beautiful insect begins life as one of a group of the smallest of eggs, which are attached to a hidden leave or a twig. It is close to suitable food. If the eggs are laid late in the fall, they will hatch early in the spring. A tiny, wormlike creature emerges and grows into a caterpillar with a long body, most of which consists of stomach. In an attempt to keep this stomach full during the summer season, the caterpillar feeds all the time.

One of the results of this constant feeding is a sleepy feeling in the fall, when the caterpillar attaches itself to a tree or a rock and develops a hard covering over its body. It remains in this chrysalis form over the winter.

In the spring the chrysalis must split in order to allow the butterfly to emerge. This creature is composed of four beautiful, delicately formed wings, a jointed body consisting of head, thorax, and abdomen, and a pair of antennae. In its mouth is a peculiar type of tongue especially adapted to reaching into flowers for the honey on which it chiefly feeds.

33.2.664 The Coming of Steel

Selected Words

and the

SKP-T

as a

SA*Z

as a result

SRULT

as an

SA*EPB

Bessemer

- -

center

STR

discovery

SKOEFR

engineer

TKPWRAO

for the

TP-RT

found that

TPHAOUPBD

Hamilton

HA*EPL

in a

TPHA*EU

led to

THROED

of a

AEUF

of the

-FT

on this

THOPB

or the

ORT

that a

THA*

that were

THARP

to the

TOT

used in

TPHAOUFD

were not

WR-PBLT

Text

The iron used in eighteenth-century tools, guns, and chains were not strong enough for the machines that were being invented. One day, as an English engineer named Henry Bessemer worked on this problem, he found that a blast of air in a furnace increased the heat of the glowing iron. Since greater heat makes better metal, Bessemer's discovery led to the making of steel.

In Canada steelmaking was begun in several places, and the area around Hamilton became an important center. As a result, iron ore was soon moving to the smelters by lake, canal, and railway. Today many a ton of ore is made into steel for wire, rails, the frame of a car or bicycle, or the girders of a bridge or office building.

33.2.665 A Land of Great Ranches

Selected Words

able to

TAOEUBL

agriculture

AG KULT

and a

SKPA

Argentina

ARG TAOEPB TPHA

as the

SAZ

as well

SW*EL

as well as

SW*ELS

as well as

SW-LS

Buenos Aires

PWAOUPBS AEURS

in the

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is a

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is the

S-T

listen to

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may be

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of the

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on the

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that the

THAT

you would

ULD

Text

The people of Argentina depend mostly upon agriculture for their living. Many farmers produce wheat and corn as well as dairy products. On the level plains are huge ranches where cattle, sheep, and horses are raised. The ranch owner is usually able to provide his family with every modern comfort. Does it seem queer that the climate of northern Argentina is the warmest in that country? Such fruits as the lemon and orange grow there.

Almost a tenth of the people live in Buenos Aires. Citizens of almost every nation live there, and a visitor may be surprised to hear almost every language in the world. The capitol is a beautiful building with marble halls. For entertainment you may enjoy the latest movies, unless you would rather see a play or listen to a concert.