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Plover Practice Exercises

28 K-sound Prefixes

28.1 Learning Objectives

  • Review using K-
  • Learn how to write co- as the prefix stroke
  • Learn how to include con-, cons-, cont- and com- as K-
  • Learn how to include comp- as KP-

28.2 K- as hard c

As previously covered, K- can be used for a hard c sound in words such as count and crawl. Due to K being so early in the steno order, it is also possible to stroke multiple consonants with the left hand following the initial hard c sound, for words such as collusion.

KOUPBT

count count count count

KRAUL

crawl crawl crawl crawl

KHRAOUGS

collusion collusion collusion collusion

28.3 KAU as co-

The prefix co- is written with the stroke KAU. The non-phonetic spelling is necessary as the stroke KO is used for could. Use the KAU stroke to add the prefix co- to make words such as cobound and coalign.

KAU PWOUPBD

cobound cobound cobound cobound

KAU A HRAOEUPB

coalign coalign coalign coalign

28.4 con-

The prefix con- is defined in the Plover dictionary as KAUPB, with the KOPB stroke reserved for the word con. Strictly speaking, all words should use the KAUPB stroke if they are to begin with the con- prefix. But the Plover dictionary contains many more outlines using KOPB for con-, partially due to KOPB outlines being a misstroke. Compare for example the word concrete that has both valid outlines.

KAUPB KRAOET

KOPB KRAOET

concrete concrete concrete concrete

The word concourse which can be broken down into con- and course only have outlines starting with KOPB such as KOPB/KOURS in the dictionary. However, it is still possible to write concourse as KAUPB/KOURS.

The left hand K- may stand in for con- in an outline if it does not conflict with other words. Examples of this include confer and connect.

K-FR

confer confer confer confer

KEBGT

connect connect connect connect

It’s possible to drop sounds in the middle to achieve one-stroke briefs for words starting with con- such as concert and conform

KERT

concert concert concert concert

Here, in concert, the s sound is dropped.

KORPL

conform conform conform conform

28.5 cons-

Similar to con-, the left hand key K- may stand in for cons- in an outline if it does not conflict with other words. Examples of this include conscious and consult.

K-RBS

conscious conscious conscious conscious

KULT

consult consult consult consult

28.6 cont-

Similar to con-, the left hand key K- may stand in for cont- in an outline if it does not conflict with other words. Examples of this include contact and control.

KABGT

contact contact contact contact

KROL

control control control control

28.7 com-

The prefix com- does not have an explicitly defined stroke in the form {com^} like the other prefixes. However, K- can stand in for com- if it does not conflict with other words. Examples of such words are command and combo.

KPHAPBD

command command command command

KPWOE

combo combo combo combo

28.8 comp-

The left side K- combined with P- may stand for comp- in words such as compile and complain.

KPAOEUL

compile compile compile compile

KPHRAEUPB

complain complain complain complain

28.9 Briefs starting with Co*

Word Stroke Note
comfort K-FRT comfortable K-BL
confidence K-F confident K-FT
condition K-PB
consider K-R considers K-RS
considerate K-RT
consist KAO
congestive KEF
contest KEFT
context KEGT
concern KERPB
consolidate KO*L
correspond KOER
compare KPAEUR
competent KPE
competitive KPEF competitor KPOR
competition KPEGS
correspond KOER

28.10 Briefs for words starting with k-sound and ending in -ion

Word Brief Note
calculation KHRAEUGS
characterization KRAEUBGS
cognition KOGS
collection KHREBGS
collision KHREUGS
combination KPWAEUGS
combustion KPWUGS
commission KPHEUGS
commotion KPHOEGS
communication KAEUBGS
compaction KPABGS
compassion KPAGS
compensation KPEPBGS
competition KPEGS
compilation KPHRAEUGS
completion KPHRAOEGS
complication KPHRAEUBGS
composition KPOEGS
comprehension KPREPBGS
compression KPREPGS
compulsion KPULGS
concentration SKRAUGS
conception KEPGS
conclusion KHRAOUPBGS
configuration TKPWRAEUGS
confirmation K-FRPLGS
confusion KAOUFGS
connection KEBGS
consideration K-RGS
constipation KPAEUGS
constitution STAOUGS
construction KRUBGS
consumption KUPGS
contraction KRABGS
contribution KR-BGS
cooperation KAOPGS
corporation KORPGS
correction KREBGS
corrosion KROEGS
corruption KRUPGS
creation KRAOEGS

28.11 Briefs for words starting with k-sound and using W as V

Word Brief Note
convention KWEPBGS
conversation KW-FRGS
conversion KWERGS
conviction KWEUBGS
convulsion KWULGS

28.12 Exercises

Controls
  1. Of the three courses at lunch, I like the meat course best. Of the three courses at lunch, I like the meat course best. Of the three courses at lunch, I like the meat course best.
  2. He took the business course in high school. He took the business course in high school. He took the business course in high school.
  3. Connect, to join one thing to another. Connect, to join one thing to another. Connect, to join one thing to another.
  4. Contain, to hold as contents. The larger box will contain two dozen eggs. Contain, to hold as contents. The larger box will contain two dozen eggs. Contain, to hold as contents. The larger box will contain two dozen eggs.
  5. Command, an order. To have power over. Command, an order. To have power over. Command, an order. To have power over.
  6. The captain gave a command. The captain gave a command. The captain gave a command.
  7. Case, a box. Any special condition or situation. Case, a box. Any special condition or situation. Case, a box. Any special condition or situation.
  8. Score, the record of points made in a contest or game. To make or keep a record of points. Score, the record of points made in a contest or game. To make or keep a record of points. Score, the record of points made in a contest or game. To make or keep a record of points.
  9. Composed, made up, wrote music, calm. Composed, made up, wrote music, calm. Composed, made up, wrote music, calm.
  10. The composition of the club suited me. The composition of the club suited me. The composition of the club suited me.
  11. Compound, a combination, put together. Compound, a combination, put together. Compound, a combination, put together.
  12. The class was composed of twenty children. The class was composed of twenty children. The class was composed of twenty children.
  13. John Philip Sousa composed many particular marches. John Philip Sousa composed many particular marches. John Philip Sousa composed many particular marches.
  14. The radio is the quickest means of communication. The radio is the quickest means of communication. The radio is the quickest means of communication.
  15. A letter is a personal communication. A letter is a personal communication. A letter is a personal communication.
  16. Airplanes are manufactured by many companies. Airplanes are manufactured by many companies. Airplanes are manufactured by many companies.
  17. In English class we study compound words and compound sentences. In English class we study compound words and compound sentences. In English class we study compound words and compound sentences.
  18. Contracts, written agreements between two or more people which are recognized by law. Contracts, written agreements between two or more people which are recognized by law. Contracts, written agreements between two or more people which are recognized by law.
  19. Some contracts must be signed by witnesses. Some contracts must be signed by witnesses. Some contracts must be signed by witnesses.
  20. The child controlled his temper very well. The child controlled his temper very well. The child controlled his temper very well.
  21. They controlled the flood by erecting banks along the river. They controlled the flood by erecting banks along the river. They controlled the flood by erecting banks along the river.
  22. Conversation, easy, informal talk. Conversation, easy, informal talk. Conversation, easy, informal talk.
  23. Our conversation at lunch was about the school play. Our conversation at lunch was about the school play. Our conversation at lunch was about the school play.
  24. Consists, is made up. Consists, is made up. Consists, is made up.
  25. Constant, without interruption. Constant, without interruption. Constant, without interruption.
  26. Constant pulling failed to bring up the line. Constant pulling failed to bring up the line. Constant pulling failed to bring up the line.
  27. Content, that which is contained. Content, that which is contained. Content, that which is contained.
  28. The wire is connected to the lamp. The wire is connected to the lamp. The wire is connected to the lamp.
  29. With what business is Mr. Jones connected? With what business is Mr. Jones connected? With what business is Mr. Jones connected?
  30. I consent to do as you ask. I consent to do as you ask. I consent to do as you ask.
  31. Considerable, rather great. Considerable, rather great. Considerable, rather great.
  32. Concerning, about. Concerning, about. Concerning, about.
  33. Football coaches train the football players. Football coaches train the football players. Football coaches train the football players.

28.12.1 Write random sentences

A random subset of sentences will be synthesized. Be patient with the synthesis. It will take a few seconds, especially the first time. The loweest possible WPM is 80, so to decrease overall WPM, increase word gap.

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