24 The -ion
and -tion
word endings
This section is not done!
24.1 Learning Objectives
- Learn to write the
-shun
sound - Learn to write the
-kshun
sound - Learn to write
ion
word endings when not-shun
sound
This is incomplete
24.2 -ion
consonant cluster for -shun
sound
The -ion
ending is written using -GS
when the ending sound is -shun
, in words such as vision
, abrasion
, and cushion
.
SREUGS
A PWRAEUGS
KUGS
24.3 -tion
consonant cluster for -kshun
sound
The -tion
ending is written using -BGS
when the ending sound is -kshun
, in words such as section
, fraction
, and location
.
SEBGS
TPRABGS
HROEBGS
24.4 -ion
ending when not -shun
sound
Some words ending in -ion
do not have the shun
sound. Examples of such words are minion
, onion
, and carrion
. These words are written with the suffix stroke KWROPB
to represent -ion
.
PHEUPB KWROPB
OPB KWROPB
KAEUR KWROPB
It is possible to add -ion
to any word using the suffix stroke KWROPB
, even if the word+suffix is never used or as part of the dictionary. Experiment with world
, Bob
, and knit
(note how Plover will double the final consonant in the latter two words.)
WORLD KWROPB
PWO*PB KWROPB
TPHEUT KWROPB
24.5 Dropping intermediate sound with common words
Words ending in the -shun
and -kshun
sounds are frequently long, and multi-stroke. For relatively common words, some sounds can be dropped to form one-stroke words. Examples of such words are relation
, possession
and organization
.
24.6 Briefs
These are just some examples of -kshun
words that can be written in one stroke.
abbreviation
absorption
acceleration
action
activation
adoption
affection
allegation
application
appreciation
association
attribution
attention
auction
audition
calculation
cancellation
caption
caution
certification
civilization
cognition
collection
collusion
combination
compassion
completion
complication
conduction
confusion
congestion
connection
constipation
constitution
construction
contribution
cooperation
correction
corruption
creation
cushion
definition
deletion
delusion
demotion
deposition
depression
description
destruction
determination
digestion
dilation
dimension
direction
discussion
distribution
duration
election
emotion
evolution
examination
exception
explanation
explosion
fashion
fraction
friction
function
generation
imagination
infection
information
inspection
junction
jurisdiction
mention
mission
motion
notion
objection
occasion
option
pension
perfection
pollution
portion
position
possession
prediction
preparation
prescription
production
profession
protection
ration
reaction
reduction
region
revolution
satisfaction
section
session
solution
station
substitution
suggestion
suspicion
television
tension
tradition
transformation
transportation
vacation
version
violation
vision
- nation
- station
- action
- attention
- addition
- deletion
- observation
- prediction
- representation
- reduction
- registration
- suggestion
- television
- transportation
- tradition
- instruction
- information
- perfection
24.7 Exercises
24.7.1 Write with sound
Controls
-
Meet me at the bus station. Meet me at the bus station. Meet me at the bus station.
-
East, a direction. East, a direction. East, a direction.
-
Arrow, a rod with a pointed end used for shooting from a bow. A mark with a pointed end to show direction. Arrow, a rod with a pointed end used for shooting from a bow. A mark with a pointed end to show direction. Arrow, a rod with a pointed end used for shooting from a bow. A mark with a pointed end to show direction.
-
Irrigation is often done by means of ditches. Irrigation is often done by means of ditches. Irrigation is often done by means of ditches.
-
Listen, hear. Pay attention. Listen, hear. Pay attention. Listen, hear. Pay attention.
-
Course, a part of a meal. Direction or route. Course, a part of a meal. Direction or route. Course, a part of a meal. Direction or route.
-
We are putting the decorations on the Christmas tree. We are putting the decorations on the Christmas tree. We are putting the decorations on the Christmas tree.
-
Plantation, a large farm. Plantation, a large farm. Plantation, a large farm.
-
He lived on a plantation. He lived on a plantation. He lived on a plantation.
-
My father visited a large rubber plantation in South America. My father visited a large rubber plantation in South America. My father visited a large rubber plantation in South America.
-
Language, the speech of a nation. Language, the speech of a nation. Language, the speech of a nation.
-
The boys decorated the Christmas tree. The boys decorated the Christmas tree. The boys decorated the Christmas tree.
-
Toward, in the direction of. Toward, in the direction of. Toward, in the direction of.
-
Turned, moved or made to move in a circle. Changed position or direction. Changed. Became. Turned, moved or made to move in a circle. Changed position or direction. Changed. Became. Turned, moved or made to move in a circle. Changed position or direction. Changed. Became.
-
Vacation, a period of rest. Vacation, a period of rest. Vacation, a period of rest.
-
It is a tin rattle. It is a tin rattle. It is a tin rattle.
-
The teacher came by the steam cars. The teacher came by the steam cars. The teacher came by the steam cars.
-
She had a ticket. She had a ticket. She had a ticket.
-
She bought the ticket. She bought the ticket. She bought the ticket.
-
She bought it at the station. She bought it at the station. She bought it at the station.
-
The ticket agent sold it to her. The ticket agent sold it to her. The ticket agent sold it to her.
-
The teacher had a trunk. The teacher had a trunk. The teacher had a trunk.
-
The trunk was her baggage. The trunk was her baggage. The trunk was her baggage.
-
She brought it to the station. She brought it to the station. She brought it to the station.
-
That is a signal. That is a signal. That is a signal.
-
The train moves out of the station. The train moves out of the station. The train moves out of the station.
-
The baby has many toys. The baby has many toys. The baby has many toys.
-
She likes to play with a key. She likes to play with a key. She likes to play with a key.
-
The baby has a little tray. The baby has a little tray. The baby has a little tray.
-
Base, the bottom part. A station. Base, the bottom part. A station. Base, the bottom part. A station.
-
The officer had told the soldier to come to attention. The officer had told the soldier to come to attention. The officer had told the soldier to come to attention.
-
Auntie, the sister of one's mother or father. The wife of one's uncle. Auntie, the sister of one's mother or father. The wife of one's uncle. Auntie, the sister of one's mother or father. The wife of one's uncle.
-
The boy could not figure out what one of the instructions meant. The boy could not figure out what one of the instructions meant. The boy could not figure out what one of the instructions meant.
-
Auntie Ruth and I went to meet my uncle at the station. Auntie Ruth and I went to meet my uncle at the station. Auntie Ruth and I went to meet my uncle at the station.
-
The teacher called the boy's attention to his mistake in adding. The teacher called the boy's attention to his mistake in adding. The teacher called the boy's attention to his mistake in adding.
-
He did not get much attention. He did not get much attention. He did not get much attention.
-
You should pay careful attention in school. You should pay careful attention in school. You should pay careful attention in school.
-
West, a direction. A region. West, a direction. A region. West, a direction. A region.
-
Follow these directions. Follow these directions. Follow these directions.
-
Crawl, to move slowly by drawing the body along. A creeping motion. Crawl, to move slowly by drawing the body along. A creeping motion. Crawl, to move slowly by drawing the body along. A creeping motion.
-
Careless, not taking care; not paying attention. Careless, not taking care; not paying attention. Careless, not taking care; not paying attention.
-
Caught, got by hunting. Got to in time. Reached for and held; as, caught a ball. Got; as, caught a cold. Got held. Got attention. Caught, got by hunting. Got to in time. Reached for and held; as, caught a ball. Got; as, caught a cold. Got held. Got attention. Caught, got by hunting. Got to in time. Reached for and held; as, caught a ball. Got; as, caught a cold. Got held. Got attention.
-
Camp, a tent or hut or a collection of them used for a vacation or a short stay. A place where soldiers or workmen may live for a time. To stay at a camp. Camp, a tent or hut or a collection of them used for a vacation or a short stay. A place where soldiers or workmen may live for a time. To stay at a camp. Camp, a tent or hut or a collection of them used for a vacation or a short stay. A place where soldiers or workmen may live for a time. To stay at a camp.
-
Movies, motion pictures. Movies, motion pictures. Movies, motion pictures.
-
Listen, pay attention in order to hear or to understand. Listen, pay attention in order to hear or to understand. Listen, pay attention in order to hear or to understand.
-
Lie, say what is not true. Rest in a flat position. Lie, say what is not true. Rest in a flat position. Lie, say what is not true. Rest in a flat position.
-
The invention of the steam engine made railroad possible. The invention of the steam engine made railroad possible. The invention of the steam engine made railroad possible.
-
Library, a collection of books. Library, a collection of books. Library, a collection of books.
-
We hardly got to the station in time. We hardly got to the station in time. We hardly got to the station in time.
-
The stranger didn't glance in our direction. The stranger didn't glance in our direction. The stranger didn't glance in our direction.
-
Mother bid a dollar for that table at an auction sale. Mother bid a dollar for that table at an auction sale. Mother bid a dollar for that table at an auction sale.
-
Aim, intention. To point a gun at. Aim, intention. To point a gun at. Aim, intention. To point a gun at.
-
Hurry, to move or to go quickly. Quick motion. Hurry, to move or to go quickly. Quick motion. Hurry, to move or to go quickly. Quick motion.
-
Holiday, a day of celebration. A day when schools and businesses are closed. Holiday, a day of celebration. A day when schools and businesses are closed. Holiday, a day of celebration. A day when schools and businesses are closed.
-
Point, show a position or direction of a special thing. A sharp end; as, the point of a nail. Point, show a position or direction of a special thing. A sharp end; as, the point of a nail. Point, show a position or direction of a special thing. A sharp end; as, the point of a nail.
-
State, nation. One of the divisions of the United States. To tell. State, nation. One of the divisions of the United States. To tell. State, nation. One of the divisions of the United States. To tell.
-
Swimming, moving through water by using regular motions of the arms and legs or of fins and tail. Swimming, moving through water by using regular motions of the arms and legs or of fins and tail. Swimming, moving through water by using regular motions of the arms and legs or of fins and tail.
-
Sea, ocean. Sea, ocean. Sea, ocean.
-
Examinations, tests. Examinations, tests. Examinations, tests.
-
Ned fixed his attention on the airplanes. Ned fixed his attention on the airplanes. Ned fixed his attention on the airplanes.
-
We crossed the plain in an hour. We crossed the plain in an hour. We crossed the plain in an hour.
-
He gave us plain directions. He gave us plain directions. He gave us plain directions.
-
Grandmother always wears plain clothes. Grandmother always wears plain clothes. Grandmother always wears plain clothes.
-
Moving, changing place or position. To change the position of; as; moving a vase of flowers. Moving, changing place or position. To change the position of; as; moving a vase of flowers. Moving, changing place or position. To change the position of; as; moving a vase of flowers.
-
Fever, a restless condition. A state of illness. Fever, a restless condition. A state of illness. Fever, a restless condition. A state of illness.
-
Answer, a reply to something that is said or written, or to an action. What you get when you work a problem in arithmetic. Answer, a reply to something that is said or written, or to an action. What you get when you work a problem in arithmetic. Answer, a reply to something that is said or written, or to an action. What you get when you work a problem in arithmetic.
-
Blossom, a flower. Blossom, a flower. Blossom, a flower.